AUTHOR=Peng Linjing , Yu Lu , Jia Jingyi , Gan Yaokai , Ding Angang , Xiong Ping , Zhao Yichen , Yao Yifei 

TITLE=The effect of thickness and elastic modulus of the anterior talofibular ligament on anterior ankle joint stiffness: A subject-specific finite element study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1175347

DOI=10.3389/fbioe.2023.1175347

ISSN=2296-4185

ABSTRACT=Ankle sprain was a frequent type of sports injury leading to lateral ligament injury. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) was a primary ligamentous stabilizer of the ankle joint and typically the most vulnerable ligament injured in the lateral ankle sprain (LAS). This study aimed to investigate the effect quantitativelytive of of the thickness and elastic modulus of ATFL on anterior ankle joint stiffness (AAJS) by developing nine subject-specific finite element (FE) models under acute injury, chronic injury, and control conditions of ATFL. A 120 N forward force was applied at the posterior calcaneus leading to an anterior translation of the calcaneus and talus to simulate the anterior drawer test (ADT). In the results, the ratio of the forward force to the talar displacement was used to assess the AAJS, which increased by 5.85% in the acute group and decreased by 19.78% in the chronic group, compared to those of the control group. An empirical equation described the relationship between AAJS, thickness, and elastic modulus (R-square 0.98). The equation proposed in this study provided an approach to quantify AAJS and revealed the effect of the thickness and the elastic modulus of ATFL on ankle stability, which may shed light on the potential diagnosis  and treatment of lateral ligament injury.