AUTHOR=Piñera-Avellaneda David , Buxadera-Palomero Judit , Ginebra Maria-Pau , Rupérez Elisa , Manero José María 

TITLE=Gallium-doped thermochemically treated titanium reduces osteoclastogenesis and improves osteodifferentiation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303313

DOI=10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303313

ISSN=2296-4185

ABSTRACT=Excessive bone resorption is one of the main causes of bone homeostasis alterations, resulting in an imbalance in the natural remodeling cycle. This imbalance can cause diseases such as osteoporosis or it can be exacerbated in bone cancer processes. In such cases, there is an increased risk of fractures requiring a prosthesis. In the present study, a titanium implant subjected to gallium (Ga)-doped thermochemical treatment was evaluated as strategy to reduce bone resorption and improve osteodifferentiation. The suitability of the material to reduce bone resorption was proved by inducing macrophages (RAW264.7) to differentiate to osteoclast on Ga-containing surfaces. In addition, the behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) was studied in terms of cell adhesion, morphology, proliferation and differentiation. The results proved that the Ga-containing calcium titanate layer is capable of inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, hypothetically by inducing ferroptosis. Furthermore, Ga-containing surfaces promotes the differentiation of hMSC into osteoblast. Therefore, Ga-containing calcium titanate may be a promising strategy to be inserted into patients whose fractures have been produced by an excessive bone resorption disease.