AUTHOR=Liu Houhe , Deng Yi , Li Jiayan , Lin Wen , Liu Chongzhi , Yang Xiaofei , Zhou Zunzhen , Jiang Yuan 

TITLE=Ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles: a representative of plant-based natural nanostructured drug delivery system

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1569889

DOI=10.3389/fbioe.2025.1569889

ISSN=2296-4185

ABSTRACT=In recent years, the research on plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) has attracted increasing attention. Among these, ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) stand out due to their specific pharmacological activity and their role as reliable carriers for delivering both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, as well as small RNAs, making them a noteworthy representative of plant-based natural nanostructured drug delivery systems (DDS). In this review, we first introduce the characteristics and engineering methods of GELN-based DDS to brush up on our current understanding and then focus on research progress to summarize their therapeutic application scope and challenges.