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        <title>Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-05-14T15:52:22.122+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1724094</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1724094</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cryopreservation preserves the morpho-structural and mechanical integrity of human decellularized tracheas and supports a reduced immunogenic profile]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Elena Stocco</author><author>Silvia Barbon</author><author>Alessia Cardaci</author><author>Antonia Barbazza</author><author>Marta Confalonieri</author><author>Martina Contran</author><author>Valentina Manzo</author><author>Silvia Todros</author><author>Piero G. Pavan</author><author>Raffaele De Caro</author><author>Veronica Macchi</author><author>Andrea Porzionato</author><author>Diletta Trojan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundA suitable tracheal substitute must support revascularization and regeneration, while resisting necrosis and infection. Decellularized tracheas are promising candidates; however, degradation limits their shelf life, making tissue banking essential. Although various decellularization methods have been developed, few studies assess the impact of storage, particularly cryopreservation, on tissue quality, limiting their clinical translation.MethodsIn this study, decellularized tracheas and decellularized + cryopreserved tracheas were developed from three human donors, segmented and processed accordingly. These were compared to native tracheas in terms of macroscopic appearance and structural integrity. Thus, residual nuclei/DNA were assessed using DAPI staining and DNA quantification. Histological stains (Hematoxylin and Eosin, Alcian Blue, Masson’s Trichrome, Weigert Van Gieson) assessed tissue and extracellular matrix architecture. Glycosaminoglycans and elastic fibers were quantified through both quantitative and semiquantitative methods. Immunostaining and semi-quantification for Human Leukocyte Antigen–DR (HLA-DR) was performed to preliminarily evaluate residual immunogenicity reduction. Ultrastructure and mechanical properties were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and compression tests.ResultsThe decellularization protocol effectively reduced DNA content to <50 ng/mg, confirmed after cryopreservation. Native tracheas showed normal respiratory epithelium, whereas decellularized tracheas and decellularized + cryopreserved tracheas retained only the basal lamina. Submucosa was similar across groups, except for the absence of nuclei in treated samples. Glycosaminoglycans and collagen were well preserved, as showed by Alcian Blue and Masson’s trichrome stainings. Elastic fibers integrity and content were reduced in accordance with Weigert Van Gieson staining and morphometric analysis. Only few HLA-DR immuno-positive elements were recognized after treatments, as confirmed by semi-quantitative analysis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed epithelial cell removal with preserved basal lamina and adventitial collagen, although less compact. Treated cartilage showed empty lacunae. Mechanical testing revealed no significant differences in stiffness between groups.ConclusionStudy results indicate that combining decellularization with cryopreservation effectively preserves tracheal structure and further reduces HLA-DR–immunopositive elements compared with decellularized trachea. These findings support the clinical potential of decellularized + cryopreserved grafts for tracheal replacement.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1832724</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1832724</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Beyond sequence similarity: toward function-based screening of nucleic acid synthesis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Gary R. Abel</author><author>Tessa Alexanian</author><author>Craig Bartling</author><author>Jacob Beal</author><author>Samuel Curtis</author><author>Kevin Flyangolts</author><author>Leonard Foner</author><author>Samuel P. Forry</author><author>Gene D. Godbold</author><author>Eric Horvitz</author><author>Bin Hu</author><author>Corey M. Hudson</author><author>Caitlin Jagla</author><author>Rassin Lababidi</author><author>Sheng Lin-Gibson</author><author>Brittany Rife Magalis</author><author>Jaspreet Pannu</author><author>Sebastian Rivera</author><author>David Ross</author><author>Bruce J. Wittmann</author><author>James Diggans</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Synthetic nucleic acids are a key input to modern biotechnology, yet they represent dual-use materials that require robust screening to mitigate biosecurity risks. The prevailing screening paradigm, which identifies sequences of concern (SoCs) through sequence similarity to controlled pathogens and toxins, may not fully capture risks posed by AI tools that can decouple biomolecular function from reliance on known sequences. Rapidly advancing biodesign capabilities enable the generation of genes and proteins that might evade sequence-based detection. We highlight the critical need for function-based screening approaches that can detect sequences capable of hazardous biological functions, regardless of similarity to known SoCs. We examine the feasibility of function-based screening with an initial focus on proteins, arguing that, while protein sequence space is vast, biologically functional proteins are significantly constrained by biophysical and biochemical requirements that can be learned and modeled. We propose a concrete implementation framework organized along a continuum of complexity, starting with toxins as the most tractable targets before expanding to more complex pathogenic functions. We then discuss open challenges and describe a research and development strategy to address them.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1867976</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1867976</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Advances in stem cell engineering: paving the way for regenerative medicine]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Katiucia Batista Silva Paiva</author><author>Shue Wang</author><author>Sukhbir Kaur</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1836027</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1836027</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biomimetic core–shell nanofibrous scaffolds with an organic montmorillonite interlayer for tissue engineering]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xiangrui Mao</author><author>Ruobing Cheng</author><author>Jian Zhang</author><author>Yuxiang Yao</author><author>Nan Jiang</author><author>Jinbiao Zhang</author><author>Tanlong Liu</author><author>Zhirang Hu</author><author>Yutong Liu</author><author>Zhiyong Yan</author><author>Chengwei Yang</author><author>Anlin Yin</author><author>Kuihua Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Electrospun polymer nanofibrous scaffolds have gained considerable interest in biomedical applications due to their ability to mimic the architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, precise control over scaffold degradation is essential for ensuring predictable material behavior and supporting their intended function in tissue engineering. In this study, we develop a series of core–shell nanofibrous scaffolds composed of glycidyl methacrylate-grafted silk fibroin and poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (SFMA/PLCL), incorporating an interlayer of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT). The introduction of OMMT markedly enhances scaffold hydrophilicity, mechanical robustness, and dimensional stability, while enabling finely tunable degradation kinetics. Increasing OMMT content shifts the degradation mode from surface erosion to bulk degradation by facilitating water penetration and disrupting polymer interactions through exfoliated OMMT nanosheets and the release of quaternary ammonium ions. Moreover, the scaffolds exhibit potent antibacterial activity (>99% inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus), strong anti-biofilm performance (>75% suppression), and long-lasting antibacterial effects, all while maintaining excellent cytocompatibility. These results demonstrate that core–shell nanofibrous scaffolds with an OMMT interlayer represent a promising multifunctional platform for tissue engineering applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1782493</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1782493</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Insights into the biological effects of molybdenum in an insect model (Galleria mellonella)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Brianna Hofman</author><author>Logan Florek</author><author>Sarah Atang</author><author>Amani Gillette</author><author>Babasola Fateye</author><author>Maria P. Kwesiga</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionMolybdenum (Mo) is a potential biodegradable stent material that has excellent mechanical and degradation properties. Recent studies suggest that chronic exposure to Mo is associated with renal concerns. Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella) has emerged as a valid research model for assessing mechanisms and treatment for human disease. Moreover, the malpighian tubules (MT) are analogous to mammalian nephron tubules. Here, we evaluate the biological effects of Mo in MT in G. mellonella.MethodsFifth instar G. mellonella larvae were injected with 5 μL of 0.025–200 mM doses of sodium molybdate (Mo). Survival and melanization (relative health) was assessed over a 24–72 h period. We assessed redox balance with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) colorimetric assays, tissue morphology of the MT qualitatively and quantitatively in Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of paraffin-embedded larval sections, and changes in metabolism of ex vivo MT using two photon fluorescence-lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy.ResultsMo was non-toxic at all concentrations. Colorimetric assays of MDA and SOD in hemolymph and in the MT were comparable across the treatment groups. Morphological changes were observed in the cryptonephridial complex (CNC) of the MT tubules with 10 mM Mo treatment alluding to dilation of the MT. Two photon FLIM indicated the likely presence of the metabolic species (NAD(P)H) (blue channel) with an increase in mean lifetime (Tm) and an increase of protein binding of NAD(P)H at 200 mM of Mo treatment favoring oxidative phosphorylation.DiscussionIn summary, we confirmed non-toxicity of Mo in the invertebrate G. mellonella at the organismal and molecular level. However, morphological and metabolic changes were observed at 10 and 200 mM doses of Mo treatments suggesting possible biological alterations that could impact the performance outcomes of Mo biodegradable stents.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1741728</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1741728</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Aspartic acid-facilitated remineralization: a bio-inspired alternative to fluoride for enamel repair]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Angelina Ivanova</author><author>Valeriia Buzova</author><author>Diana Potapova</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundDental enamel is constantly challenged by acidic conditions that disrupt the balance between demineralization and remineralization. Despite proven efficacy, current remineralization strategies face limitations, which prompt exploration of novel biomimetic approaches. Aspartic acid, a calcium-binding amino acid abundant in enamel matrix proteins, was hypothesized to serve as a potential enhancer of enamel remineralization. This study investigates its potential in combination with calcium sources, comparing the efficacy of these formulations to fluoride as a conventional market benchmark.MethodsThe remineralization potential of the experimental formulations was evaluated using a standardized in vitro bovine enamel model quantified by surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR). Polished enamel samples were subjected to demineralization in acidic conditions (pH = 4.5) for 60 min, in a solution containing 50 mM acetic acid, 2.2 mM calcium nitrate, 2.2 mM potassium phosphate monobasic and 0.1 ppm sodium fluoride. After rinsing with deionized water to arrest acid activity, the demineralized samples were incubated with solutions containing aspartic acid, calcium sources, their combinations and fluoride (as positive control) for 16 h at 37 °C. Enamel surface microhardness was measured before and after treatment to assess remineralizing effectiveness of test systems.ResultsWhile 0.5% aspartic acid alone caused enamel demineralization (mean %SMHR = −37.32 ± 24.64), its combinations with calcium sources outperformed fluoride: 0.5% Asp + 1% tricalcium phosphate system demonstrated a mean %SMHR of 42.03 ± 19.45 - significantly higher than fluoride (14.12% ± 13.40%; p = 0.0181), a system of 0.5% Asp + 1% dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in another experiment achieved a mean %SMHR of 45.43 ± 14.64- also significantly superior to fluoride (5.15% ± 4.84%, p = 0.0058). Other formulations of Asp with calcium sources showed remineralizing potential but lacked statistical superiority to fluoride.ConclusionThese results suggest that aspartic acid-calcium formulations may offer potential advantages over fluoride-based approaches in promoting enamel remineralization. However, further investigation is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish clinical efficacy.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1750983</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1750983</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Re-evaluating breast malignant pleural effusion: toward evidence-based, precision-aligned care with organoids]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Gavin R. Oliver</author><author>Kshama Jaiswal</author><author>W. Roy Smythe</author><author>Carlton C. Barnett</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Breast cancer–associated malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common and debilitating manifestation of advanced disease, yet current management is largely limited to indwelling pleural catheters and chemical pleurodesis and offers only transient palliation without addressing the underlying tumor biology. We propose that integrating patient-derived organoid modeling of pleural tumor cells with characterization via technologies like next-generation sequencing could shift MPE care from symptom management toward precision intervention. Organoid-based drug testing enables ex vivo evaluation of local therapeutic agents, including intrapleural chemotherapy, immune modulators, and bispecific antibodies, while paired genomic profiling may reveal actionable resistance pathways unique to pleural metastases. Together, these approaches could identify rational, localized combination therapies that improve local control, reduce effusion recurrence, and ultimately extend survival. By coupling functional and molecular analyses directly to the pleural compartment, we envision a translational framework that redefines breast MPE from a purely palliative condition to one amenable to mechanism-driven, patient-tailored therapy.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1801944</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1801944</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Performance evaluation of biological safety cabinets: a real-world analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tao Song</author><author>Shaohua Yin</author><author>Zhenlin Liu</author><author>Xiaoqi Xue</author><author>Yilin Li</author><author>Yong Li</author><author>Xingshuo Zhang</author><author>Xiangyun Qiao</author><author>Chenglin Wu</author><author>Han Zhang</author><author>Rongxi Jia</author><author>Xiaoming Liu</author><author>Zhe Sun</author><author>Wei Yao</author><author>Bo Zhang</author><author>Feng Xu</author><author>Yun Tian</author><author>Jin Tian</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionBiological safety cabinets (BSCs) are essential for protecting personnel, samples, and the environment in clinical and research laboratories. Evidence on the real-world performance of Class II BSCs in China remains limited, particularly regarding differences between domestic and imported equipment.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of 360 Class II BSCs in Beijing using 1,803 performance testing records from 2018 to 2023. Performance indicators, including noise, illumination, cleanliness, inflow velocity, downflow velocity, HEPA filter integrity, and airflow smoke pattern were measured according to JG 170-2005, YY 0569-2011 and SN/T 3901–2014 standards. BSCs were assessed and classified as fully qualified performance (FQP) if the indicator met the standard without equaling the threshold, marginally qualified performance (MQP) if the indicator equaled the threshold, or unqualified if the standard was not met. Qualified rates were compared by manufacturing region, hospital level, using sector, and service life using χ2 tests and non-parametric analyses.ResultsAmong 360 Class II BSCs, the median service life was 7 years (IQR 5–10). The overall qualified rate was 70.4%, with no difference between domestic and imported BSCs (71.3% vs. 69.2%; χ2=0.909, P=0.340). Domestic BSCs showed higher FQP rate (55.4% vs. 40.5%; χ2=11.625, P=0.0007) and lower MQP rate (15.8% vs. 28.7%; χ2=15.087, P=0.0001), with similar pattern for noise, inflow velocity, and downflow velocity. The inflow velocity, downflow velocity, and illumination showed relatively lower qualified rates, with only inflow velocity having a higher qualified rate in domestic BSCs (85.5% vs. 80.9%; χ2=6.845, P=0.009). Imported BSCs performed slightly better in several key indicators, including inflow velocity, downflow velocity, and HEPA filter integrity, although differences were not statistically significant.DiscussionThese findings suggest that BSC reliability reflects an interplay between manufacturing-related characteristics and in-use performance, and that the MQP helps identify BSCs operating near minimum safety margins for proactive monitoring and timely intervention.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1801212</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1801212</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biomechanical and clinical evaluations of superior capsular reconstruction using autologous tendon for irreparable rotator cuff tear]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xiping Jiang</author><author>Xiaofeng Zhang</author><author>Pan Liu</author><author>Qi Chen</author><author>Chenrui Yuan</author><author>Chenkai Li</author><author>Wencai Liu</author><author>Wei Song</author><author>Xin Wang</author><author>Weilin Yu</author><author>Qingxiang Hu</author><author>Yaohua He</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionTo evaluate the biomechanical and clinical outcomes of superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) with autologous tendon (AT) for the irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs).MethodsTen fresh-frozen human upper limb specimens were used to create three models (intact, rotator cuff-deficient, and reconstruction). Superior translation of the humeral head and subacromial pressure were measured at different abduction angles under standardized loading. Mechanical comparability between tendons was also evaluated by measuring cross-sectional area and basic tensile properties. For clinical evaluation, a prospective case series of nine patients with IRCTs tears who underwent SCR with AT was conducted. Shoulder joint range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Constant-Murley (CM) were recorded before surgery, at 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively, the day after surgery, and at 6 months.ResultsThe reconstruction reduced superior translation of the humeral head and subacromial pressure compared with the rotator cuff-deficient condition. No significant differences were observed in basic mechanical properties between the tested tendons. ASES scores improved significantly at both 6 and 12 months after surgery, whereas Constant score did not remain statistically significant in the 12-month pairwise comparison after adjustment for multiple comparisons. No significant differences were observed in shoulder joint range of motion. MRI showed 6/9 (67%) patients had reduced thickness of the implanted peroneus longus tendon (PLT) graft at 6 months postoperatively, while the PLT grafts of the other patients remained intact.ConclusionSCR with AT may help restore superior glenohumeral stability under controlled biomechanical conditions and shows promising preliminary clinical results in patients with IRCTs.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1834218</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1834218</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cell surface engineering via self-assembly DNA networks for cell behavior control]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tianshu Chen</author><author>Xuexue Liu</author><author>Xiaochen Tang</author><author>Ji Ma</author><author>Siwei Mao</author><author>Miao Ding</author><author>Ni Zhen</author><author>Qizhi Diao</author><author>Qiuhui Pan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Synthesis of the extracellular matrix provides a novel opportunity to cell behavior control. However, exploration of the application of nucleic acid materials for cell surface engineering to achieve physical regulation of migration remains relatively limited. In this study, a self-assembled DNA network anchored to the cell membrane was constructed as a synthetic matrix mimic, which has been shown to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion through physical confinement. The DNA network forms a dense and uniform engineering on the surface of tumor cells through a process of self-assembly. This study found that coating with RCA1/2 network led to a significant reduction in wound healing rate of approximately 49.19% and invasion rate of approximately 44.49%. The study also indicates that the potential mechanism for inhibiting cell migration and invasion is that coating of the DNA network on the membrane significantly limits membrane fluidity and promotes integrin retention on the membrane, thus interfering with its dynamic circulation. The spatial confinement in this study provides a novel DNA-based platform for controlling cell behavior as well as opening up a new paradigm for anti-migratory and anti-invasive strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1797692</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1797692</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comparative biodegradation of functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets by myeloperoxidase and neutrophil extracellular traps]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mohsen Bahmani</author><author>Asma Gholami</author><author>Marziyeh Ghaeidamini</author><author>Zhejian Cao</author><author>Mohammad Reza Gharib-Zahedi</author><author>Pallab Sanpui</author><author>Elin K. Esbjörner</author><author>Leif A. Eriksson</author><author>Ivan Mijakovic</author><author>Shadi Rahimi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGraphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have attracted significant interest as potential carriers for drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties and large surface area. However, concerns regarding their cytotoxicity and biodegradability must be addressed before clinical translation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and biodegradation of GO functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), two commonly used polymers in biomedical applications.MethodThe interactions of GO, GO-PEG, and GO-PEI with granulocyte-like cells were investigated to determine their effects on cell viability and their susceptibility to immune-mediated degradation. Biodegradation of the materials was assessed using Raman spectroscopy after exposure to granulocyte-like cells, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key enzyme present in NETs. In addition, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to evaluate structural changes in MPO upon interaction with the materials, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the interaction of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the catalytic product of MPO, with GO and its functionalized derivatives.Results and discussionThe results showed that functionalization with PEG or PEI significantly improved cell viability compared with pristine GO. Although GO was structurally modified by granulocyte-like cells, NETs, and MPO, GO-PEG did not show significant degradation under these conditions. In contrast, GO-PEI was susceptible to structural modification by both NETs and MPO. CD analysis indicated that MPO maintained a more stable secondary structure in the presence of GO-PEI compared with GO or GO-PEG under oxidative conditions, suggesting that MPO-generated HOCl may play a key role in GO-PEI degradation. Molecular dynamics simulations further demonstrated stronger interaction and retention of HOCl in GO-PEG and GO-PEI systems compared with pristine GO, indicating an enhanced interaction between oxidants and the functionalized materials. Overall, these findings demonstrate that polymer functionalization significantly influences the biocompatibility and immune-mediated structural modification of GO. Importantly, this study provides new mechanistic insights into how PEG and PEI modifications affect MPO-driven oxidative degradation pathways of graphene oxide-based nanomaterials. These results highlight GO-PEI as a biodegradable and biocompatible candidate for future biomedical and drug delivery applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1796706</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1796706</link>
        <title><![CDATA[PMMA-based composite bone cements with zirconium oxide fillers of different granulations: structural optimization and biofunctional potential]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Robert Karpiński</author><author>Agata Przekora</author><author>Jakub Szabelski</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionPolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements are widely used in orthopaedics, but their limited fatigue resistance, brittleness and lack of biological bonding to bone motivate the search for composite formulations with improved mechanical performance and biofunctional potential. Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is an attractive radiopaque ceramic filler that may reinforce the PMMA matrix while enabling microstructural optimisation.MethodsCommercial Refobacin Plus acrylic bone cement containing 0.6 g gentamicin was modified with ZrO2 particles of three granulations: nanoparticles (<100 nm), microparticles (≈5 μm) and fine powder (<10 μm), introduced at 1–5 wt%. After curing, specimens were subjected to compressive strength testing in accordance with ISO 5833, Shore D microhardness measurements and scanning electron microscopy to assess microstructure, particle dispersion and the occurrence of agglomerates or defects.ResultsAll PMMA/ZrO2 composites exhibited compressive strength above 70 MPa, thus meeting the ISO 5833 requirement. For ZrO2 contents up to about 3 wt%, compressive strength remained similar to the control cement; nanoparticle-filled samples maintained approximately 75–85 MPa, and fine and medium particles at 1–3 wt% often slightly increased average strength, whereas a 5 wt% admixture (especially of larger particles) significantly reduced compressive strength and hardness due to particle agglomeration. Hardness values were comparable to the unmodified cement at ≤3 wt% ZrO2 but decreased by roughly 18–21% at 5 wt%, and at a given concentration hardness was not markedly affected by particle size; SEM imaging revealed that homogeneously dispersed fine ZrO2 supported stress transfer and matrix stiffening, while large agglomerates acted as structural defects.DiscussionThe results indicate that careful selection of ZrO2 grain size and limiting its content to low concentrations enables PMMA bone cement modification without compromising mechanical integrity, with ZrO2 functioning simultaneously as a reinforcing and radiopaque phase. Such tailored PMMA/ZrO2 composites may support the design of bone cements with optimised strength and biofunctionality, although further studies including fatigue tests and in vitro/in vivo biological evaluations are required to fully validate their clinical potential.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1787749</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1787749</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Engineering design of platelet-mimicking therapeutic systems: multilevel biomimicry, gating strategies, and translational boundaries]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Jiali Chen</author><author>Xiangyu Chen</author><author>Liang Cai</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Platelet-mimicking therapeutic systems have expanded well beyond hemostasis, yet clinical translation is increasingly constrained by controllability and safety-bounded deployability rather than proof-of-function. Here, we propose an engineering framework that maps design choices onto four coupled layers-structure, membrane, function, and gating-to decouple efficacy from systemic thrombotic and immunological risks. Central to this framework is a minimal platelet interface (MPI), defined as a bounded, low-gain basal state in circulation that permits lesion engagement while resisting systemic amplification. We render this interface measurable through membrane critical quality attributes (CQAs) (QC-linked membrane features), including receptor retention/orientation, shear-capture thresholds under flow, and baseline procoagulant leakage in the OFF state. We further elevate gating from simple stimulus triggering to permission-based gating (stimulus is necessary but not sufficient) by requiring risk-stratified logic, predefined activation thresholds and dynamic ranges, and validated deactivation or fail-safe constraints under worst-case conditions such as high shear and systemic inflammation. Finally, we organize applications along a risk gradient-execution for hemostasis and reversal, navigation for vascular inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion, and multilayer-gated de-risking for cancer and infection-explicitly linking biomimetic design to falsifiable safety boundaries, release criteria, chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC), and regulatory requirements.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1762965</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1762965</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Gait asymmetry as a determinant of functional recovery and return to sport after ACL reconstruction: a cross-sectional biomechanical analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ali Ibrahim Alhefzi</author><author>Ravi Shankar Reddy</author><author>Fareed F. Alfaya</author><author>Shaker Hassan S. Alshehri</author><author>Debjani Mukherjee</author><author>Batool A. Alkhamis</author><author>Irshad Ahmad</author><author>Saleh Kardm</author><author>Ghada Mohamed Koura</author><author>Zuhair Al Salim</author><author>Ajay Prashad Gautam</author><author>Faisal M. Alyazedi</author><author>Sara Mohamed Samir</author><author>Ahmed Mohamed Fathi Elshiwi</author><author>Ahmed M. El Melhat</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGait asymmetry and impaired functional performance are common after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and may influence return-to-sport (RTS) outcomes. Despite advancements in rehabilitation, a substantial proportion of individuals fail to regain pre-injury activity levels, often due to unresolved biomechanical deficits. Quantifying gait asymmetry and its relationship with functional capacity may provide insight into factors that differentiate those who successfully return to sport from those who do not.MethodsEighty-six participants (43 RTS, 43 non-RTS) between 6 and 24 months post-ACL reconstruction completed 3D gait analysis and a standardized battery of single-leg hop tests. Gait asymmetry indices included kinetic and kinematic variables, while functional performance was assessed using hop distances, timed hops, and limb symmetry indices (LSIs). Group comparisons were analyzed using independent t-tests, and relationships were examined using Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression.ResultsThe RTS group demonstrated significantly lower asymmetry across all gait variables, including vertical ground reaction force asymmetry expressed as an asymmetry index percentage derived from body-weight–normalized force values (8.45% ± 3.21% vs. 12.34% ± 4.02%, p = 0.001) and peak knee flexion angle asymmetry (degrees; 3.12 ± 1.10° vs. 5.67 ± 1.45°, p < 0.001). They also performed better on all hop tests, including single-leg hop distance (centimeters; 162.34 ± 12.45 vs. 148.76 ± 14.33 cm, p < 0.001) and Limb Symmetry Index for the 6-m timed hop (percentage ratio of involved-to-uninvolved limb performance; 96.45% ± 2.85% vs. 88.34% ± 3.65%, p < 0.001). Gait asymmetry metrics showed moderate-to-strong correlations with hop performance (r = −0.58 to 0.44). Regression analysis identified peak knee flexion angle asymmetry (B = −2.45, β = −0.41, p < 0.001) and knee extensor moment asymmetry (B = −8.12, β = −0.39, p = 0.004) as significant predictors.ConclusionGait asymmetry differentiates individuals based on RTS status and significantly predicts functional performance after ACL reconstruction. These findings support the clinical integration of gait analysis to guide rehabilitation and RTS decisions.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1838589</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1838589</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Engineering the poly(A) tail for therapeutic mRNA: from expression control to manufacturing robustness]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yang-Yang Zhang</author><author>Jian-Ping Zhang</author><author>Xiao-Bing Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have advanced rapidly, yet sequence design must now satisfy not only biological potency but also scalable manufacturing, product consistency, and immune compatibility. The 3′poly(A) tail is increasingly recognized as a pivotal factor linking these competing demands. While long homopolymeric tails can enhance translation and prolong RNA persistence, their repetitive nature can also compromise DNA template stability, increase in vitro transcriptional slippage and 3′-end heterogeneity, and promote the formation of immunostimulatory byproducts. We define this design trade-off as the Production–Expression paradox, in which sequence features that favor expression may simultaneously undermine manufacturability and immune safety. In this review, we summarize the molecular functions of the poly(A) tail in regulating translation and mRNA decay, and discuss emerging engineering strategies that move beyond conventional linear homopolymers, including segmented designs, chemical modifications, and experimental topological engineering through structured 3′modules, along with their potential impacts on protein yield (often termed a “translational tax”). We further connect upstream production-associated defects to downstream innate immune activation and outline a proposed Quality-by-Design framework for poly(A) optimization, linking critical quality attributes with fit-for-purpose analytical methods ranging from routine release assays to nucleotide-resolution profiling. Reframing poly(A) architecture as an engineerable design parameter, rather than a fixed default element, may improve product comparability, reduce immunogenic burden, and support the more robust translation of mRNA medicines into clinical applications.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1766264</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1766264</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A mechanobiological hypothesis on bone cement-induced progression of bone metastases]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Hypothesis and Theory</category>
        <author>Qiyu Sun</author><author>Shuai Li</author><author>Zhiqian Sun</author><author>Xiaolin Pan</author><author>Juan Shen</author><author>Yanbo Hu</author><author>Dandan Zhao</author><author>Lulu Du</author><author>Zhen Hao</author><author>Xiaowen Ma</author><author>Min Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We propose the hypothesis that long-term alterations in the local biomechanical environment (a significant increase in stiffness and changes in stress distribution) induced by the implantation of bone cement for treating bone metastases may, by activating mechanotransduction pathways in tumor cells, potentially promote their proliferation, invasion, and therapy resistance, thereby affecting long-term disease progression. This effect is particularly noteworthy in specific patient populations with extended survival, low tumor burden, and radiosensitivity. For such patients without immediate structural instability risks, prioritizing non-invasive treatments like stereotactic radiotherapy can achieve effective symptom relief while avoiding the potential adverse biological effects associated with altering the bone’s natural mechanical properties, which may lead to better long-term tumor control. This hypothesis does not challenge the critical role of bone cement in managing acute or impending pathological fractures. Instead, it advocates for a reassessment of its status as the “default” treatment option in certain specific patient populations, aiming to promote a more comprehensive balance between short-term symptom relief and long-term disease modulation in clinical decision-making.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1805822</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1805822</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Paclitaxel-eluting silicone airway stent with sustained drug release and potent anti-fibrotic activity]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mingmei Ding</author><author>Jiaqi Song</author><author>Chen Zhao</author><author>Xiyun Yang</author><author>Yuehan Ouyang</author><author>Zhining Zhuo</author><author>Xiaobang Chen</author><author>Ruitian Zhu</author><author>Xiangqin Wang</author><author>Tianhao Yu</author><author>Xiumei Tian</author><author>Fanwen Yang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionBenign central airway stenosis (BCAS) remains difficult to manage because restenosis is frequently driven by fibroproliferative responses after intervention. To address this challenge, we developed a long-acting paclitaxel (PTX)-eluting silicone airway stent that integrates hydrophilic modification, a porous drug-reservoir structure, and ultrasound-responsive release.MethodsThree hydrophilic modifiers (PEG-600, HM-530, and PVP-K17) were screened to improve matrix wettability and drug diffusivity. Coating thickness, pore formation, and cyclic ultrasound stimulation were further optimized. Drug release behavior, release kinetics, and mechanical performance were characterized systematically. In vitro cytocompatibility and anti-fibrotic activity were evaluated using L929, HFL-1, BEAS-2B, and HBE135 cells.ResultsPVP-K17-modified porous stents combined with cyclic ultrasound showed the optimal release profile, achieving 22.85% cumulative PTX release over 90 days while retaining mechanical integrity. Drug release was well fitted by a comprehensive kinetic model (R2 > 0.99) incorporating pore-forming (Kt) and ultrasound-enhancement (St) coefficients. Extracts of the modified silicone material met ISO 10993-5 cytocompatibility criteria, and PTX treatment selectively inhibited fibroblasts while showing relatively limited effects on epithelial cell viability.DiscussionThese findings establish an integrated design framework for hydrophilic-modified, ultrasound-activated drug-eluting silicone airway stents that combine sustained local drug delivery, mechanical reliability, and selective anti-fibroproliferative activity.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1807323</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1807323</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Screening of flavor-enhancing yeast and its role in fig fermentation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhifei Chen</author><author>Yizhuo Shentu</author><author>Lei Li</author><author>Qingfu Wang</author><author>Yongzhen Zhao</author><author>Wenyuan Qi</author><author>Shen Huang</author><author>Yibo Ning</author><author>Qiuling Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundFigs (Ficus carica L.) are rich in sugars and bound aroma precursors that can be converted into aroma compounds.MethodsIn this study, the W-8 strain was isolated from fig epidermis and identified as Torulaspora delbrueckii by 26S rDNA sequencing. By optimizing fermentation conditions using single-factor experiments and an orthogonal design, aroma compound (AC) production was evaluated. The whole genome of strain W-8 was sequenced and annotated.ResultsAC production was 1.64 times that of the control. Isoamyl alcohol (0.264 mg/mL), phenethyl alcohol (0.053 mg/mL), isoamyl acetate (0.006 mg/mL), isobutyric acid (0.012 mg/mL), and 2-methylbutyric acid (0.004 mg/mL) were exclusively produced, and production of ethyl stearate and acetoin was increased by 4.20-fold and 2.30-fold, respectively. Strain W-8 harbors a complete genome of 9,224,546 bp. KEGG analysis showed prominent representation of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways, while GO annotation indicated enrichment in catalytic and metabolic processes. CAZy analysis identified key carbohydrate-active enzymes, including β-glucosidase.ConclusionGenome analysis showed that T. delbrueckii W-8 possesses β-glucosidases and aroma-related metabolic pathways, providing a genetic basis for the release of bound aroma precursors from fig substrates and their conversion into AC. These findings highlight T. delbrueckii W-8 as a promising starter for enhancing aroma quality in fermented fig products.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1631785</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1631785</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of an active exoskeleton on the muscle activity of the erector spinae and biceps femoris muscles during lifting with symmetric stoop and squat technique]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jens Hasenmaier</author><author>Tobias Siebert</author><author>Dominik Mayer</author><author>Norman Stutzig</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionActive exoskeletons are increasingly used to reduce muscle activity and support lifting tasks. However, the effectiveness of exoskeletons can vary depending on the lifting technique. This study investigates the effects of a commercially available active exoskeleton (Apogee) on muscle activity during two different lifting techniques: stoop and squat.Methods17 healthy young adults (8 male, 9 female) participated in the study. Muscle activity was measured in the M. erector spinae (MES) and M. biceps femoris (MBF) using EMG while lifting a 15 kg box in four conditions: 1) without exoskeleton, 2) exoskeleton in passive mode, 3) 50% support and 20% counterforce, 4) 100% support and 60% counterforce.ResultsThe MBF activity was 29% lower during the squat technique compared to the stoop technique (F1,16 = 20.53, p < 0.01, ղP2 = 0.56). MES activity was similar across both techniques (F1,15 = 0.53, p = 0.48, ղP2 = 0.03). When pooling data across techniques, the exoskeleton significantly reduced MES (F1,45 = 18, p < 0.01, ղP2 = 0.53) and MBF activity (F1,48 = 10.2, p < 0.01, ղP2 = 0.39), with higher support levels leading to greater reductions in muscle activity. The stoop technique benefitted more from the exoskeleton, showing significant reductions in MES activity (10%–27% MVC) and MBF activity (7%–10% MVC). In contrast, squat lifting showed a significant reduction in MES (10%–17% MVC) activity but no significant reduction in MBF (2%–3% MVC) activity.DiscussionThe results indicate that the exoskeleton provides greater benefits during the stoop technique, where the lifting motion primarily involves hip extension. The reduction in muscle activity supports the potential of exoskeletons in reducing muscle load and preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). However, the squat technique showed limited improvements, suggesting that exoskeletons may need to be adapted for different lifting tasks. Future exoskeletons should aim to dynamically adjust their support based on the specific lifting technique to maximize effectiveness.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1791599</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1791599</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Analysis of digital vernier caliper versus digital thickness gauge consistency and user experience in measuring arterial wall thickness: implications for biomechanical assessment]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Constantin Claudiu Ciucanu</author><author>Eliza Russu</author><author>Alexandru Mureşan</author><author>Alexandra Ioana Asztalos</author><author>Alexandru Petru Ion</author><author>Réka Bartus</author><author>Eliza-Mihaela Arbănaşi</author><author>Adrian Vasile Mureşan</author><author>Carmen Corina Radu</author><author>Timur Hogea</author><author>Traian V. Chirilă</author><author>Septimiu Toader Voidǎzan</author><author>Emil-Marian Arbănaşi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAccurately measuring tissue thickness is a crucial technical aspect and a source of bias in biomechanical analysis, as even minor errors can substantially affect stress, elasticity, and tissue behavior. This study analyzes the reproducibility and consistency of specimen thickness measurements by experienced users using a digital caliper under two protocols and a specialized device under a third, also assessing the impact on biomechanical properties.MethodThe current study is a methodological study in which we examined the thickness of the porcine arterial wall, specifically segments from the aorta, carotid, and coronary arteries. For the first two protocols, thickness measurements were performed using a digital vernier caliper (Multicomp PRO MP012475), whereas a dedicated digital thickness gauge (Mitutoyo 547-500S, Kawasaki, Japan) was employed for the third protocol. Biomechanical testing was conducted using a BioTester® 5000 (CellScale, Canada), fitted with two opposing BioRakes mounted on actuators to apply uniaxial tensile loading at 25% and 50% stretch.ResultsFor coronary artery wall thickness measurements, significant protocol-dependent differences between novice users for Protocol 1 and Protocol 3 (p = 0.0384), and for intermediate users using the same protocols (p = 0.0122). The mechanical response of porcine vascular tissues at 25% and 50% stretch was not influenced by operator experience, as no statistically significant differences in Cauchy stress were observed among users across the three experimental protocols.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the method used to measure arterial wall thickness influences reproducibility, particularly in thin-walled vessels such as coronary arteries, and when performed by less experienced users.]]></description>
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