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        <title>Frontiers in Blockchain | Blockchain Technologies section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/blockchain/sections/blockchain-technologies</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Blockchain Technologies section in the Frontiers in Blockchain journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
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        <pubDate>2026-04-15T22:15:04.934+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2026.1840145</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2026.1840145</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: DAO, governance and fairness]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Qin Wang</author><author>Xu Wang</author><author>Guangsheng Yu</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2026.1781539</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2026.1781539</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multivocal literature review of software architectures for blockchain networks]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Juan Manuel Sobral</author><author>Mario De los Santos</author><author>Martin Solari</author><author>Santiago Matalonga</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Blockchain technology continues to promise transformative impact across domains such as supply chains, finance, and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the rapid growth and increasing heterogeneity of blockchain platforms have made architectural decision-making progressively more complex for software architects. This study extends and updates a previous Multivocal Literature Review (MLR) to systematically identify and characterize active blockchain networks across foundational protocol layers. We analyze key architectural dimensions including consensus mechanisms, decentralization and access control models, smart contract support, block and ledger structures, interoperability features, and architectural lineage. Drawing on both academic and gray literature, we characterize a total of 147 blockchain networks spanning Layers-0 through-2. Our findings reveal an ecosystem largely driven by industrial innovation, with limited consolidation in the formal academic literature. The resulting architectural mappings aim to support software architects in making informed, evidence-based decisions when integrating blockchain technologies into software-intensive systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1682623</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1682623</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Can artificial intelligence solve the blockchain oracle problem? Unpacking the challenges and possibilities]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Giulio Caldarelli</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The blockchain oracle problem, which refers to the challenge of injecting reliable external data into decentralized systems, remains a fundamental limitation to the development of trustless applications. While recent years have seen a proliferation of architectural, cryptographic, and economic strategies to mitigate this issue, no one has yet fully resolved the fundamental question of how a blockchain can gain knowledge about the off-chain world. In this position paper, we critically assess the role artificial intelligence (AI) can play in tackling the oracle problem. Drawing on both academic literature and practitioner implementations, we examine how AI techniques, such as anomaly detection, language-based fact extraction, dynamic reputation modeling, and adversarial resistance, can enhance oracle systems. We observe that while AI introduces powerful tools for improving data quality, source selection, and system resilience, it cannot eliminate the reliance on unverifiable off-chain inputs. Therefore, this study supports the idea that AI should be understood as a complementary layer of inference and filtering within a broader oracle design, not a substitute for trust assumptions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1669666</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1669666</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cross-border candidate credential verification using ZKP and blockchain Ethereum and Polygon perspectives: a scalable solution for authentic global corporate interviews]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>A. Rageshnithin</author><author>C. Vanmathi</author><author>R. Mangayarkarasi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In the contemporary global job market, the secure and efficient verification of a candidate’s academic qualifications presents a significant challenge, particularly across international boundaries. Conventional techniques frequently necessitate physical documents or PDF scans, rendering them inefficient, susceptible to falsification, and hazardous about privacy. This study presents a contemporary, scalable framework that integrates Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), blockchain technology, and decentralized storage (IPFS) to establish a secure, privacy-oriented method for candidate verification. In this proposed system, candidates submit their academic documents, which are digitally signed by the issuing universities using cryptographic methods. The signed files are preserved on IPFS, guaranteeing their integrity and accessibility. The hash of each document is then stored on a blockchain, either Ethereum or Polygon, offering a public and immutable reference. Zero-Knowledge Proofs enable candidates to validate the legitimacy of their credentials while safeguarding sensitive information. Human Resources teams can authenticate these documents in real time, validating their integrity against the blockchain hash while preserving the candidate’s confidentiality. The evaluation results demonstrate that Ethereum offers robust decentralization and trust; nevertheless, Polygon proved to be more pragmatic because to its reduced gas price and expedited transaction times, making it suitable for high-volume recruitment. This proposed initiative addresses weaknesses in digital recruitment by guaranteeing trust, privacy, and automated credential verification procedure. It provides a customized approach for present recruitment requirements, particularly for organizations engaged in cross-border hiring, where security, scalability and protection of candidate information are paramount.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1657110</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1657110</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The influence of Blockchain technology on reducing cybersecurity risks in financial transactions of commercial banks]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ahmad Ali Eyadat</author><author>Amro S. Alamaren</author><author>Siwar Lutfi Almomani</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This quantitative research investigates the influence of Blockchain technology on reducing cybersecurity risks in financial transactions of commercial banks in Jordan. It aims to determine the extent to which Blockchain technology can reduce cyber risks faced by commercial banks in Jordan. A structured questionnaire consisting of 12 items was designed based on the research question about how Blockchain technology affects and contributes to cybersecurity to check the main objective of this study. This questionnaire has been handed out to respondents who are currently employed in Jordanian commercial banks. Here, stratified sampling was used to ensure that the data collected were representative of different segments of banks, providing a more accurate analysis of the views of the various members of the banking industry. The study used TAM to determine and check the scope of factors that influence the acceptance and adoption of Blockchain technology among banking professionals. Results have been positive, showing that Blockchain technology does cut or minimize the risk of cybersecurity on financial transactions in these institutions. The findings of this study thus warrant that Jordanian commercial banks should, with immediate effect, follow the integration of Blockchain solutions into their respective systems to enhance and ensure cybersecurity. Through this, the banks are able to protect their operations and encourage the clients to trust the digital banking sector.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1682474</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1682474</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Digital citizenship: Challenges and uncertainty in applying blockchain]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Leonardo Juan Ramírez López</author><author>Danniel Alejandro Parra Chavarro</author><author>Yeison Andres Hernandez Huertas</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Digital citizenship in Colombia is a strategic priority to modernize public services through secure, transparent, and citizen-centered interactions. The national model combines Digital Authentication, the Digital Citizen Folder, a Digital Wallet, and Digital Signature under the regulatory framework led by the Ministry of ICT. Yet adoption has been limited by mistrust, especially concerns about information security, identity theft, and limited control over personal data. This article is a narrative Mini-review that offers a curated synthesis of recent literature on blockchain for digital identity, authentication, and citizen data management, drawing on representative studies indexed in Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Prior work suggests that distributed ledgers can enhance immutability, auditability, and data sovereignty, and that Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) with verifiable credentials and decentralized identifiers can enable selective disclosure and stronger user control. However, persistent challenges include scalability and cost, governance and interoperability with legacy systems, and regulatory alignment, which temper expectations. Taken together, the literature indicates that blockchain can be a viable complement to Colombia’s digital government ecosystem when implemented through permissioned or hybrid designs, aligned with open standards and embedded in robust legal and institutional frameworks. Under these conditions, blockchain-based approaches may help rebuild trust and foster broader adoption of citizen-oriented digital services.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1650188</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1650188</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Futarchy in decentralized science: empirical and simulation evidence for outcome-based conditional markets in DeSci DAOs]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>L. Weidener</author><author>S. Shilina</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThis study explores the feasibility of embedding futarchy, specifically policy-binding conditional prediction markets anchored to democratically chosen key performance indicators (KPIs) in Decentralized Science (DeSci) governance. By externalizing belief formation to speculative markets while anchoring values democratically, futarchy offers a structurally distinct alternative to existing Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) governance models.MethodsThrough an empirical analysis of governance data from 13 DeSci DAOs, this study examines governance, participation, and cadence patterns that condition futarchic adoption. A retrospective simulation using proposals from VitaDAO assessed the degree to which historical decisions align with futarchy-preferred outcomes.ResultsThe results indicate full directional alignment under deterministic modeling, suggesting latent compatibility between futarchy and existing DeSci governance.DiscussionThe analysis further outlines the design principles for implementation, emphasizing measurable KPIs and epistemic diversity. Futarchy, if carefully instantiated, may serve as a governance alternative for funding truth-tracking science through probabilistic decision making and market-based information aggregation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1630402</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1630402</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Governance for regenerative coordination: the evolution from DAO to DAO 3.0]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kate Bennett</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionDecentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), digital organizations governed by code and community, offer new paradigms for collective governance; yet many early examples have reproduced the power asymmetries, exclusionary participation models, and inefficiencies found in traditional systems. This study examines how DAO governance can evolve to support fair, inclusive, and regenerative capital flows across distributed ecosystems, particularly in contexts where traditional coordination infrastructure is limited.MethodsA qualitative case study was conducted on Hypha, an organisation that evolved from a classic DAO to a Decentralized Human Organization (DHO) and subsequently to an Adaptable Organization, or DAO 3.0. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis, then interpreted using a People–Process–Technology framework to identify governance design principles. This was supported by a comparative taxonomy mapping the evolution from DAO 1.0 to DAO 3.0.ResultsFindings show a progression from early token-weighted DAO 1.0 models, through protocol-optimized DAO 2.0 structures, to DAO 3.0’s modular, relational, and context-adaptive designs. Hypha’s governance innovations include multi-layer modular voting, “leadership without control” protocols, real-time capital flow mechanisms, and trust-based safeguards that address fairness failures, enhance adaptability, and enable governance to respond dynamically to human complexity and local contexts.DiscussionThe Hypha case study positions DAO 3.0 as a prototype for regenerative coordination infrastructure where governance operates as a living system, balancing technological automation with human-centered design. This research expands DAO governance theory by clarifying conceptual boundaries, integrating recent literature, and providing practical guidance for policymakers, developers, and capital providers seeking to design equitable, regenerative governance and coordination systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1598283</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1598283</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Delegated voting in decentralized autonomous organizations: a scoping review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-06-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Lukas Weidener</author><author>Fabio Laredo</author><author>Kishore Kumar</author><author>Karlin Compton</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study presents a systematic scoping review of delegated voting (DV) in decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), focusing on its governance implications, implementation forms, and challenges. DV refers to a mechanism through which token holders transfer their voting rights to other participants, often called delegates, who vote on their behalf. While DV is often adopted to address low participation and mitigate the cognitive burden of direct involvement, the existing literature highlights its potential to exacerbate centralization, particularly when whales or influential networks are disproportionate. This creates tension between the intended efficiency gains of the delegation and the unintended concentration of power. Various implementation models, including off-chain platforms (e.g., Snapshot), hybrid governance architectures, and token-based delegation systems, exhibit distinct trade-offs in transparency, cost, and adaptability. Although innovations such as quadratic voting, weighted delegation constraints, and reputation-based governance show promise for improving fairness and accountability, they also face vulnerabilities, such as gaming, collusion, and high implementation complexity. To explore the diverse approaches to DV, this review organizes and synthesizes key findings from recent scholarly publications examining its implementation, risks, and governance outcomes. Synthesizing insights from 13 publications, this review identifies key governance trade-offs, implementation patterns, and risks associated with DV. It also outlines future research directions, including multi-tiered governance structures and decision-support mechanisms, to guide more inclusive and context-aware DAO governance.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1567417</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1567417</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mitigating cloud vulnerabilities using a blockchain platform]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Dina Zoughbi</author><author>Kavitha Venkatachalam</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has become a critical technology for efficiently searching and retrieving images from large datasets based on their visual content. Traditional CBIR systems, which rely on low-level features like color, texture, and shape, often struggle with semantic gaps and scalability issues. With the rapid advancements in deep learning and cloud computing, there is a growing need to enhance CBIR performance for real-world applications. In order to tackle the issues, an enhanced CBIR process leveraging advanced neural networks, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Siamese Networks, and attention mechanisms is proposed. It integrates multimodal data, including text and audio, to improve retrieval accuracy. Additionally, cloud-based infrastructure is employed to support large-scale image processing, enabling faster retrieval times and real-time performance. Edge computing techniques are also incorporated to reduce latency in applications requiring immediate responses. The proposed model demonstrates significant improvements in retrieval accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional CBIR methods. Deep learning models, particularly CNNs with transfer learning and attention mechanisms, effectively capture high-level semantic features. The integration of cloud infrastructure enhances scalability and real-time processing capabilities, while multimodal retrieval improves search relevance. The use of explainable AI techniques adds transparency to the decision-making process, increasing user trust. Hence, the advanced neural networks, coupled with cloud and edge computing, can significantly optimize CBIR systems, making them more robust, scalable, and applicable to a wide range of industries such as healthcare, security, and e-commerce.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1523951</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1523951</link>
        <title><![CDATA[DAO as digital governance tool for collaborative housing]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-03-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Michael Lustenberger</author><author>Sabrina Wollenschläger</author><author>Lukas Küng</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This paper explores the promise of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) as a digital governance tool for collaborative housing initiatives. Based on existing literature around the collaborative housing initiative no1s1, we explore the research question: How can DAOs help govern collaborative housing initiatives? To address this, we employ conceptual research methods, synthesizing theories from the field of collaborative housing and DAOs to propose a new framework for the governance of such initiatives. Our analysis identifies five key benefits of DAOs in collaborative housing governance: a transparent crypto-accounting system, scalable decision-making, global jurisdiction and rule enforcement, automated rights and incentives system, and flexible polycentric governance. These benefits align with Elinor Ostrom’s “Governing the Commons” principles and highlight the potential of DAOs to enable scalability and autonomy in geographically dispersed communities. While theoretical, our study provides insights into the transformative potential of blockchain-based DAOs in collaborative housing governance, laying the groundwork for further research and real-world and empirical validation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1544770</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1544770</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Revolutionizing the energy sector: exploring diversified blockchain platforms for a sustainable future]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-03-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Hypothesis and Theory</category>
        <author>Athira Jayavarma</author><author>Preetha Parakkat Kesava Panikker</author><author>Manjula G. Nair</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Blockchain technology has caused a significant transformation in the global energy sector as it is increasingly applied in producing, distributing, trading, and managing energy. The incorporation of blockchain in the industry presents unprecedented opportunities for creating secure and decentralized systems of trading energy systems that are not only secure and resilient but also transparent. The paper explores a detailed analysis of various blockchain platforms and endeavors to collapse the existing gaps in the advanced research of blockchain systems supporting the development of energy trading applications. Precisely, this paper gives in-depth details of some of the popular blockchain platforms, and it primarily focuses on the platforms’ security, scalability solutions, consensus methods, strategies for mitigating cyberattacks, privacy-preserving mechanisms, regulatory considerations, the integration of artificial intelligence for platform optimization and suitability in energy trading based on the existing information. It helps energy providers select the best blockchain platform for their energy trading projects. The detailed examination aims to further improve energy trading efficiency, reliability, and sustainability via the most suitable blockchain platform.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1503595</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1503595</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Exploring the failure factors of blockchain adopting projects: a case study of tradelens through the lens of commons theory]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-03-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Issam Najati</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Blockchain is a transformative technology with the potential to metamorphose industries, including supply chains and logistics, owing to its promise of efficiency, transparency and traceability. However, many blockchain projects have failed, requiring an analysis of the underlying reasons. This research focuses on the failure factors by studying the case of TradeLens, a supply chain platform using Blockchain to improve the visibility and coordination of international shipments. Applying Elinor Ostrom’s theory of the commons, we explored challenges related to governance, participation, interoperability, technological evolution and security. The study reveals that a lack of stakeholder engagement, unclear governance, and confidentiality concerns are major obstacles. Ostrom highlights the importance of participatory governance and a clear definition of boundaries and communities in the management of shared resources. To be successful, blockchain projects must adopt a holistic approach, with transparent governance, encourage collaboration, guarantee interoperability and invest in data security. By incorporating these recommendations and the lessons learned from past failures, future blockchain projects can improve their chances of success and make a positive contribution to the transformation of industries.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1413840</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1413840</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Protocol for unifying cross-chain liquidity on polkadot]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-10-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Viktor Valaštín</author><author>Dušan Morháč</author><author>Kristián Košťál</author><author>Ivan Kotuliak</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Liquidity is critical for a healthy and thriving blockchain ecosystem, enabling value exchange between participants. However, achieving unified liquidity across heterogeneous blockchain platforms remains challenging due to disparities in architecture, virtual machines, and asset management logic. These disparities force assets to be wrapped into other formats to ensure compatibility with underlying systems, thus fragmenting liquidity into multiple pools. This paper proposes LiquiSpell, a novel protocol that aims to unify liquidity across multiple parachains within the Polkadot ecosystem. By leveraging the cross-chain message passing (XCMP), LiquiSpell introduces the concept of a universal transaction that can be constructed to be compatible with any parachain, regardless of its underlying architecture or asset management pallet. This approach overcomes the obstacles posed by the diverse nature of parachains, enabling seamless asset sharing and enhancing cross-chain interoperability. The proposed solution mitigates liquidity fragmentation within the Polkadot ecosystem. It presents a framework that can be extended to other multichain environments outside Polkadot. Ultimately, LiquiSpell aims to foster a thriving ecosystem by facilitating the introduction of new assets and increasing overall liquidity, thereby driving innovation and adoption within the decentralized finance (DeFi) landscape.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1410191</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1410191</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Exploring bitcoin cross-blockchain interoperability: estimation through Hurst exponent]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-08-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zheng Nan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study aims to investigate the interoperability of the Bitcoin blockchain by comparing the US dollar prices of five cryptocurrencies derived from the Bitcoin price with their corresponding market prices. The deviation rate between the derived price and the market price, referred to as the arbitrage return rate, is examined with respect to its adherence to the efficient market hypothesis and martingale theory principles, specifically regarding mean-reversion and serial independence. Hurst exponents are estimated using R/S and DFA methods, and their dynamics are analyzed using a sliding window technique. Our findings demonstrate that the Bitcoin blockchain effectively facilitates transactions among the five cryptocurrencies, though evidence suggests a potential structural change in Bitcoin blockchain interoperability following April 2023.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1392812</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1392812</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Modeling and analysis of crypto-backed over-collateralized stable derivatives in DeFi]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-07-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhenbang Feng</author><author>Hardhik Mohanty</author><author>Bhaskar Krishnamachari</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In decentralized finance (DeFi), stablecoins like DAI are designed to offer a stable value amidst the fluctuating nature of cryptocurrencies. We examine the class of crypto-backed stable derivatives, focusing on mechanisms for price stabilization and exemplified by the well-known stablecoin DAI from MakerDAO. For simplicity, we consider a single-collateral setting. We introduce a belief parameter to the simulation model of DAI in a previous work (DAISIM), reflecting market sentiments about the value and stability of DAI, and show that it better matches the expected behavior when this parameter is set within a particular range of values. Our methods include comparing simulated data with real-world data, focusing on monthly correlations between ETH and DAI prices and scatter plots illustrating the relationship of their price trends over time. We also propose a simple mathematical model of DAI price to explain its stability and dependency on ETH price. Finally, we analyze possible risk factors associated with these stable derivatives to provide valuable insights for stakeholders in the DeFi ecosystem.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1405516</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1405516</link>
        <title><![CDATA[DAO voting mechanism resistant to whale and collusion problems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-06-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shunya Tamai</author><author>Shoji Kasahara</author>
        <description><![CDATA[With the widespread adoption of blockchain technology, a novel organizational structure known as Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) has attracted considerable attention. DAOs facilitate decision-making through member voting, realizing the governance in a decentralized manner. However, DAOs face unique challenges compared to traditional organization. This paper focuses on two key challenges of governance within DAOs: the whale problem and collusion issue. The whale problem is characterized by the concentration of power among specific members, while for the collusion problem, voting results are distorted by fraudulent collaboration. In terms of voting, we consider Quadratic Voting, a voting system expected to deter the concentration of voting power among a subset of participants, analyzing its resistance to the collusion problem. We show with numerical examples that in comparison to Linear Voting, Quadratic Voting lacks resistance to collusion. Then, we propose a voting mechanism that integrates Quadratic Voting with the Vote escrow tokens, demonstrating the mitigation of the whale problem while acquiring resilience to collusion in the decision-making process. The numerical examples confirm the high efficacy of our proposed model.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1374655</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1374655</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Challenges of user data privacy in self-sovereign identity verifiable credentials for autonomous building access during the COVID-19 pandemic]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-03-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Technology and Code</category>
        <author>Denver Naicker</author><author>Mackaylan Moodley</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Self-sovereign identity is an emerging blockchain technology field. Its use cases primarily surround identity and credential management and advocate the privacy of user details during the verification process. Our endeavor was to test and implement the features promoted for self-sovereign identity through open- and closed-source frameworks utilizing a scenario of building access management to adhere to health risk and safety questionnaires during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our investigation identifies whether user data privacy could be ensured through verifiable credentials and whether business practices would need to evolve to mitigate storing personal data centrally.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1222614</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1222614</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Enhanced scalability and privacy for blockchain data using Merklized transactions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-01-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jack Davies</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Blockchain technology has evolved beyond the use case of electronic cash and is increasingly used to secure, store, and distribute data for many applications. Distributed ledgers such as Bitcoin have the ability to record data of any kind alongside the transfer of monetary value. This property can be used to provide a source of immutable, tamper-evident data for a wide variety applications spanning from the supply chain to distributed social media. However, this paradigm also presents new challenges regarding the scalability of data storage protocols, such that the data can be efficiently accessed by a large number of users, in addition to maintaining privacy for data stored on the blockchain. Here, we present a new mechanism for constructing blockchain transactions using Merkle trees comprised of transaction fields. Our construction allows for transaction data to be verified field-wise using Merkle proofs. We show how the technique can be implemented either at the system level or as a second layer protocol that does not require changes to the underlying blockchain. This technique allows users to efficiently verify blockchain data by separately checking targeted individual data items stored in transactions. Furthermore, we outline how our protocol can afford users improved privacy in a blockchain context by enabling network-wide data redaction. This feature of our design can be used by blockchain nodes to facilitate easier compliance with regulations such as GDPR and the right to be forgotten.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1226892</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1226892</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Bitcoin equilibrium dynamics: a long term approach]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-09-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jack R. Rogers</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In the long run, Bitcoin transaction fees are the only source of revenue for miners. They compete broadly in two main ways: proof of work effort to win blocks; and transaction processing to gather fee rewards into the blocks they win. This paper contributes to existing literature by developing a dynamic model that separates these two functions, and explores implications for aggregate efficiency outcomes. Specifically, when set by free market forces (unrestricted by artificially imposed block size caps), what happens to overall transaction prices and quantities relative to total energy use? When is it worth Stackelberg-leading miners investing in efficiency-improving R&D? What effect does this have on overall efficiency over time? By explicitly separating specialised capital dedicated to SHA256 hashing (for proof of work) from transaction processing capital (for transaction collection and verification), this paper sheds light on these questions. One key conclusion is that miner innovation lowers energy use per transaction over time for elastic enough transaction demand schedules. The more competitors Bitcoin has (existing fiat and data services, and other new Blockchain-based systems), the stronger is this conclusion.]]></description>
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