AUTHOR=Zhao Benchao , Chen Gonglei , Xu Zhengwei , Liu Haining , Wang Hongyu , Xing Bohui 

TITLE=Three-dimensional tunnel face stability analysis with gate layout by discretization-based kinematic approach

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Built Environment

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/built-environment/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1493402

DOI=10.3389/fbuil.2025.1493402

ISSN=2297-3362

ABSTRACT=Existing approaches for tunnel face stability analysis usually apply for circular cross-sections and solutions for tunnel face stability evaluation with city gate cross-sections by kinematic approach of limit analysis have not been reported. The present study developed a kinematic approach on tunnel face stability analysis for city gate sections by using spatial discretization technique. The proposed discretization-based kinematic approach applies to shallow tunnel stability analysis with cover depth ratio less than 5 by comparison with finite element limit analysis (FELA). The required support pressure increases with the increase of tunnel width, straight wall height and the central angle of the circular arch.