AUTHOR=Mena-Sanchez Daniel , Garcia-Troncoso Natividad , Alfonso Wilfredo , Ortiz Albert R. , Gomez Daniel 

TITLE=Data-driven models for human–structure interaction based on MLP and NARX neural networks

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Built Environment

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/built-environment/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1672716

DOI=10.3389/fbuil.2025.1672716

ISSN=2297-3362

ABSTRACT=Structural design often neglects the dynamic effects induced by human activities. Excessive vibrations in structures such as pedestrian bridges, grandstands, slabs, and stairways have highlighted the analysis as dynamic systems of humans interacting with structures. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as “human–structure interaction” (HSI), is investigated in this study using experimental records obtained from a cantilever steel frame specially constructed to represent a variety of structures susceptible to the HSI phenomenon. This study aims to develop and evaluate artificial neural network (ANN) models capable of representing subjects in the passive condition of HSI using only simple anthropometric parameters. Two models—Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with eXogenous input (NARX) and MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) —are implemented and compared with a conventional Mass-Spring-Damper (MSD) model. The results show that the ANN models significantly outperform the MSD model, achieving lower Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) values both in time-response prediction (20.23% for NARX and 25.07% for MLP vs. 30.19% for MSD) and frequency-response prediction (16.00% for NARX and 17.05% for MLP vs. 26.01% for MSD). These findings demonstrate that the proposed ANN-based models can predict the dynamic response of individual subjects using only simple anthropometric parameters such as mass and height. This approach provides a practical and efficient tool for modeling HSI in civil engineering applications.