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        <title>Frontiers in Built Environment | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/built-environment</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Built Environment | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-09-10T04:16:49.565+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1924676</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1924676</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Electrical resistivity for non-destructive durability assessment of stabilized soils under drying-wetting cycles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yurhee Ahn</author><author>Yong-Rak Kim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Long-term durability of chemically stabilized soils under repeated drying-wetting (D-W) cycles is a critical concern in geotechnical engineering, but conventional durability assessment relies on destructive mechanical testing, which prevents continuous monitoring of the same specimen. This study proposes a non-destructive durability assessment framework by applying electrical resistivity (ER) measurement alongside unconfined compressive strength (UCS) testing to two eco-friendly rapid-setting stabilizers—a cementitious-additive-based stabilizer (Mix A) and a calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement-based stabilizer (Mix B) — over 12 D-W cycles. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was also performed to provide microstructural evidence of the observed deterioration patterns from UCS and ER measurement results. Test results demonstrate that both UCS and ER decreased progressively with increasing cycle number across all mixtures, with the most pronounced drops at cycles 3 to 4 and 7 to 8, indicating that there are moments of significant deterioration. X-ray CT imaging confirmed that these critical cycle intervals corresponded to discrete expansions in total pore volume, identifying void expansion as a key microstructural driver of both mechanical weakening and increased electrical conductivity. To enable direct comparison across mixtures with different initial magnitudes, UCS and ER were normalized to dimensionless Strength Index (SI) and Resistivity Index (RI). A strong linear correlation was observed between the normalized RI and SI across all mixtures. This demonstrates that the RI-SI relationship is statistically robust and applicable across different binder types, confirming ER as a reliable surrogate for strength.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1954260</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1954260</link>
        <title><![CDATA[An explainable digital twin framework for structural health monitoring: decision-level fusion of vibration and image diagnostics using SHAP and Grad-CAM]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>V. Kastro Kiran</author><author>Ranjitha B. Tangadagi</author><author>M. Manjunatha</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Structural health monitoring systems based on machine learning routinely achieve high classification accuracy but rarely explain the basis of their decisions, limiting their adoption by practicing engineers who must justify safety-critical actions. This paper presents a framework that combines vibration-based and image-based damage assessment with explainable artificial intelligence and a data-driven digital twin. An XGBoost classifier is trained on physics-informed modal features extracted from 15 months of monitoring data from the KW51 railway bridge in Leuven, Belgium, to distinguish healthy, damaged, and repaired structural states, while Shapley Additive Explanations are used to attribute each prediction to specific frequency, damping, and environmental features. In parallel, an EfficientNet-B0 convolutional neural network is fine-tuned on the Concrete Defect Bridge Image dataset to classify six concrete surface defect types, and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping is used to visually localize the image regions driving each defect prediction. The outputs of the two branches are combined into a Structural Health Index designed to support a continuously updated data-driven digital twin. On a temporally held-out test set, the vibration classifier achieves a macro F1 score of 0.682 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.880, while the image classifier achieves a macro F1 score of 0.886 and an area under the curve of 0.977. The study also identifies three findings with direct relevance for deployment: environmental variables retain a measurable share of feature importance after detrending, the vibration classifier confuses the damaged and repaired classes in a safety-relevant direction, and a fixed-weight fusion of the two branches on unpaired data does not improve upon the vibration branch alone. Together, these findings highlight the importance of paired multi-modal datasets for reliable fusion and provide practical guidance for the development of robust, explainable, and validated digital twin frameworks for structural health monitoring.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1804933</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1804933</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Narrative review of the concepts, functions, components, and evaluation of housing environments in Nigeria]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Adedotun Akinola</author><author>Eziyi Ibem</author><author>Akunnaya Opoko</author><author>Esther Akinola</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study provides a structured narrative mini-review of the concepts, functions, components, and evaluation of housing environments in Nigeria. It presents an overview of the role of housing in contributing to personal wellbeing, social cohesion, and sustainable urban growth. The study then reveals that the housing environment comprises housing unit characteristics, housing unit services, the location of housing, its management, and the socio-economic environment where dwelling units are located. The study identifies the subjective and objective approaches to evaluating housing environment and recommends a combination of subjective and objective approaches in order to achieve a better result. The major contribution of this study is the development of a framework for the subjective and objective evaluation of the housing environment in Nigeria.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1883368</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1883368</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Research on the interface-strengthening mechanism of iron tailings in cement-stabilized macadam containing recycled aggregates]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xin Lu</author><author>Jingjing Huang</author><author>Yaogang Tian</author><author>Xiaohui Yan</author><author>Jing Jiang</author><author>Jun Zhang</author><author>Chunlin Yang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study examines the micromechanical properties of recycled aggregate cement-stabilized macadam (CSM) with iron tailings sand (ITS) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Microhardness analysis shows interfacial heterogeneity driven by unreacted particles and hydrated phases. Optimal ITS content (50%) increases hardness through micro-aggregate filling and pozzolanic effects, while >50% ITS reduces hardness due to retarded geopolymerization. 3D elastic modulus mapping reveals distinct aggregate ITZ matrix stratification, with ITZ as a low modulus band. Incorporating 50% ITS reduces ITZ width by 35%, confirming microstructural densification. The micromechanical findings suggest optimal ITS and RCA thresholds that may guide sustainable CSM design, although direct macroscopic validation is needed in future work.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1904075</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1904075</link>
        <title><![CDATA[An integrated vision material intelligence framework for infrastructure condition assessment and asset valuation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hema Asokan</author><author>Geetha Subbiah</author><author>Karthiyaini Somasundaram</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The deterioration of civil infrastructure has increased the demand for data-driven approaches that support objective condition assessment and maintenance planning. Existing methods typically address visual defect detection, material strength prediction, and infrastructure assessment independently, limiting their ability to provide integrated engineering insights. This study proposes a unified infrastructure condition-assessment framework that combines computer vision, material strength prediction, and analytical condition assessment within a single workflow. The visual inspection module, Hierarchical Edge-Aware Residual Network (HEAR-Net), incorporates an Edge-Gated Activation mechanism to enhance boundary-sensitive crack detection under heterogeneous surface conditions. On the independent test set, HEAR-Net achieved an accuracy of 99.90%, precision of 99.90%, recall of 99.90%, specificity of 99.90%, F1-score of 99.90%, and an ROC-AUC of 0.999993. Material property estimation was incorporated as a complementary component of the proposed framework, where a regression-based model estimated concrete compressive strength from physicochemical composition variables, achieving an R2 of 0.84 on the evaluated dataset. The outputs of the visual inspection and material property estimation components were subsequently integrated within an analytical workflow to demonstrate infrastructure condition assessment. Overall, the proposed framework demonstrates the feasibility of integrating automated visual inspection with complementary material property estimation in a unified infrastructure evaluation workflow, while the analytical condition assessment is presented as an illustrative demonstration requiring further validation on real-world infrastructure data.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1819177</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1819177</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Upcycling CLT production waste: a computational design and fabrication framework and a proof-of-concept demonstrator]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>László Mangliár</author><author>Markus Hudert</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Increasing the use of wood as a construction material and implementing circular economy principles are possible ways of reducing the environmental impact of the building construction sector. However, with an increasing use of timber and mass timber products in buildings, the amount of wood production waste is increasing as well. Wood production waste is typically downcycled and not considered as a resource for construction. This is particularly questionable in the case of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT). Compared to other types of engineered wood products, its production requires large amounts of raw material and results in large amounts of waste. In contrast to downcycling, upcycling CLT production waste bears the promise of preserving or even increasing the material’s value, which makes it economically more compelling. In this paper, we present a prototypical computational design and digital fabrication workflow that enables the use of CLT production waste in prefabricated assemblies, potentially to be used as wall or façade elements, ideally with modular qualities. We elaborate on how the application of this workflow enabled the design and construction of a full-scale demonstrator, which serves as a proof-of-concept, and share insights gained during and after its construction. Finally, the paper provides an overview of possible applications and discusses the adjustability of the workflows for other design principles and construction systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1928896</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1928896</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Investigating the relationship between colour and visual perception in campus circulation spaces: a data-informed exploratory framework]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Elif Sözer</author><author>Ezgi Yılmaz</author><author>Gökçen Firdevs Yücel Caymaz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study investigates self-reported associations between colour and visual perception in a high-circulation public space on a university campus. Focusing on attributes including attention, visibility, perceived safety, aesthetic contribution, mood, and perceived wayfinding effectiveness, it explores how different colour alternatives are perceived across a set of everyday spatial-experience criteria, with the aim of informing evidence-based colour-design discussion rather than establishing causal or behavioural claims. The empirical study involved 151 undergraduate students from the Department of Interior Architecture at Istanbul Aydın University. The investigated setting was the heavily used outdoor circulation area known as the Blue Stairs. The theoretical framework draws on colour-in-context theory to examine associations between warm, cool, and neutral colour alternatives and users’ self-reported perceptual responses. Data were collected through an online, image-based questionnaire in which participants viewed eight digitally simulated colour alternatives of the staircase and, for each of eleven perceptual attributes, selected the single colour alternative they associated most strongly with that attribute—a categorical, forced single-choice design rather than an independent rating of each colour. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square goodness-of-fit tests, Cohen’s w effect-size estimation, Correspondence Analysis, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis to explore patterns of association between colour and perceptual attribute. The findings indicate that no single colour was selected consistently across all criteria; instead, different colours were associated with different perceptual attributes. Correspondence analysis positioned red and purple, as an exploratory aggregate-level pattern, closer to attention and visibility, and blue, grey, and green closer to perceived safety, aesthetic contribution, and harmony with surroundings. A complementary hierarchical cluster analysis, with cluster number compared via silhouette coefficients across k = 2–7, found that the two-cluster solution—separating red from the remaining seven colours—achieved the highest silhouette coefficient (0.313), although overall cluster separation was modest. Taken together, these exploratory analyses suggest that the observed colour-selection patterns are structured rather than randomly distributed across perceptual attributes, and that colour may be a useful evidence-informed design variable, offering architects and designers a data-informed starting point for colour strategies in campus circulation spaces and comparable public environments.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1863270</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1863270</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Evaluation of tsunami inundation characteristics under high tide and sea-level rise conditions in ise and Mikawa Bays, Japan]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Reo Minami</author><author>Masaya Toyoda</author><author>Shigeru Kato</author><author>Nobuki Fukui</author><author>Takuya Miyashita</author><author>Nobuhito Mori</author><author>Sooyoul Kim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[As climate change drives global sea-level rise, coastal regions are increasingly vulnerable to compound hazards in which elevated baseline sea levels and tidal conditions can significantly amplify tsunami-induced inundation. This study quantitatively evaluates the impacts of sea-level rise (SLR) and tidal conditions on tsunami inundation in the Ise and Mikawa Bays in Japan using an integrated numerical framework consisting of JAGURS for tsunami propagation and SuWAT for inundation. Simulations were conducted under the 2050 SLR projections (+0.2 m and +0.5 m, SSP2-4.5), the annual maximum high-tide levels observed in 2012 (T.P. +1.29 m at the Port of Nagoya; T.P. +1.21 m at the Port of Mikawa), and the 185-day normal discharge for each target river. The results indicate that the influence of river discharge is negligible compared with the dominant effects of SLR and tides. In the inner Ise Bay, characterized by extensive low-lying plains, the combined effects of high tide and +0.5 m SLR increase the inundation area to 337% of the baseline. Mikawa Bay shows a similar vulnerability, with the inundation area increasing by a factor of 5.1 under high-tide conditions compared with the mean sea level. SLR increments from 0 m to 0.9 m were examined, and the results demonstrate an exponential increase in the inundation area with SLR magnitude in both bays. Regression analysis indicated that the nonlinear mechanism of inundation expansion—driven by levee overtopping and inflow into low-lying basins—is topographically robust across bay geometries. These findings indicate that future SLR may normalize extreme inundation risks previously associated with high-tide events. The developed empirical regression models provide a practical tool for rapid estimation of the extent of inundation without the need for exhaustive recomputation. The study offers guidance for revising coastal disaster mitigation strategies, evacuation planning, and reassessing infrastructure design standards in response to climate-driven environmental changes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1833980</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1833980</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Evaluating the efficacy of risk management practices for generative AI integration in sustainable construction projects: a fuzzy set theory approach]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mohamed Abdelwahab Hassan Mohamed</author><author>M. K. S. Al-Mhdawi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposeThis study assesses the significance of risks associated with integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into risk management for sustainable construction projects (SCPs). Given the early stage of GenAI adoption in the construction sector, the study adopts an exploratory approach to evaluate how industry professionals perceive the efficacy and preparedness of existing risk management (RM) practices in addressing emerging GenAI-related risks. It also proposes response strategies to mitigate their potential impacts.MethodologyThe research followed a five-stage methodology. First, a systematic literature review (SLR) identified and classified GenAI-related risks. Second, a multi-criteria assessment model was developed to evaluate risk significance and the perceived efficacy of RM practices in addressing these emerging risks. Third, a structured survey involving 80 construction experts provided input data for the developed assessment model. Fourth, a fuzzy-based model was developed to quantify the perceived level of RM practice efficacy in relation to GenAI-related risks. Finally, a semi-structured expert survey identified best-practice response strategies for each risk category.FindingsThe study identified 30 risk factors grouped into five categories: input quality, technological adaptability, ethical and governance, information integrity, and financial risks. The results indicate a generally low-to-medium level of perceived preparedness of current RM practices in addressing GenAI-related risks. This finding suggests that existing RM structures may not yet be fully equipped to manage the complexities introduced by GenAI, particularly within the fragmented, multi-stakeholder, and sustainability-driven context of SCPs. Best-practice strategies were also identified for each risk category.ImplicationsThe study presents an integrated RM assessment model positioned as an early-warning tool for evaluating organisational preparedness for GenAI integration in SCPs. It identifies gaps in perceived RM efficacy, highlighting the need for targeted mitigation strategies. The proposed response strategies offer practical guidance for improving resilience and readiness in SCPs while considering sector-specific challenges such as temporary project organisations, regulatory demands, and lifecycle sustainability requirements.Originality/ValueThis study is among the first to assess GenAI-related risks in RM for SCPs using fuzzy logic. It adopts an anticipatory and perception-based approach suited to early-stage adoption rather than evaluating mature implementation. The findings highlight gaps in perceived RM preparedness and provide sector-specific insights that support more effective and responsible GenAI integration in sustainable construction.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1913255</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1913255</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cross-linking enables carbonic anhydrase to enhance carbonate mineralization in cement paste: a focused thermogravimetric study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Yoonjung Han</author><author>Jooho Chung</author><author>Kung-Hui Chu</author><author>Umme Zakira</author><author>Jeffrey W. Bullard</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to HCO3− at rates that could enhance the carbonation of the calcium hydroxide reservoir in cement-based binders. In practice the reported magnitude of this enhancement varies considerably among the few studies that have examined it, and the procedures for translating raw thermogravimetric (TG) mass-loss measurements into reported “equivalent CaCO3” contents are rarely stated explicitly. Here we report a preliminary TG-based comparison between portland cement pastes hydrated for 3-7 days with: (i) no enzyme, (ii) CA, and (iii) cross-linked enzyme aggregates of CA (CLEA-CA), at CO2 concentrations from 0.04% to 1.0%. Equivalent-CaCO3 content is computed by an explicit tangent-line construction on the TG curve that excludes the C-S-H bound-water background; this method gives roughly half the values of an endpoint-difference method that omits baseline subtraction. We find that CA does not enhance CaCO3 formation in cement paste at any of the CO2 levels studied, while CLEA-CA produces a clear enhancement (+20% over the enzyme-free control) at the highest CO2 concentration (1.0%); the enhancement at lower CO2 is weaker and non-monotonic. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that CLEA-CA are more stable and enable measurable product formation in the high-pH, mass-transfer-limited cement matrix. The result motivates additional engineered-CA work to extend this enhancement to atmospheric-CO2 curing conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1894788</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1894788</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Hydrodynamic characterization in a wave flume of a small scale wave energy device moored with piles inducing friction]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Omar Mohamad</author><author>Luca Martinelli</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Accurate identification of hydrodynamic characteristics for wave energy converters is a prerequisite for designing effective control strategies and power-optimization models. The identification could, in principle, be based on physical model experiments. However, in practice, mechanical imperfections, particularly Coulomb friction at pile-hinge connections, introduce a non-sinusoidal force component that contaminates the measured signals and yields spurious values of added mass and radiation damping coefficients. Those coefficients are the cornerstone for a power optimization study for the next stages. This paper presents a method to identify and quantify the dissipation contribution due to mechanical limitations by performing forced-oscillation tests on a 1:20-scale rectangular-shaped floating breakwater wave energy converter with a moonpool, tested in the wave flume lab of the University of Padova at different frequencies and amplitudes. Dry condition tests, carried out with and without the friction due to the pile constraints, characterize the mechanical dissipation and spurious dry stiffness independently of any hydrodynamic effects. Tests in water (wet tests) for both heave and pitch degrees of freedom are used to identify hydrodynamic characteristics contaminated by the square-like component due to friction. Overall, the procedure enables the acquisition of corrected force signals to better identify hydrodynamic characteristics (added mass, radiation damping, and frequency response function).]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1973435</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1973435</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: AI-driven multidimensional approaches for ESG-oriented urban regeneration and real estate valuation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Debora Anelli</author><author>Pierluigi Morano</author><author>Francesca Fariello</author><author>Emma Sabatelli</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1912085</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1912085</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Numerical investigation of air-water flow predictions in a chute spillway: effects of mesh refinement and subgrid-scale models]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Umar Farooq</author><author>James Yang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study examines the complex three-dimensional (3D) air-water flow characteristics in a chute spillway using Ansys Fluent for numerical simulations. The Volume of Fluid method incorporating a dispersed interface and Large-Eddy Simulation was evaluated along with the Renormalization Group k-ε model for comparative analysis. Based on available experimental data, the numerical model was validated using two structured grids: Uniform Structured Mesh (USM) and Locally Refined Structured Mesh (LRSM). The approach velocity was v = 6.831 m/s, corresponding to a Froude number of 7.525 and a Reynolds number of 1.313 × 106, measured upstream of the aerator. The analysis was conducted in two stages: (i) an assessment of mesh refinement and (ii) an evaluation of LES sub-grid-scale (SGS) models. The numerical results demonstrate that both procedures reproduce the general trends of flow pattern, jet length, velocity, and pressure along the chute. However, pronounced differences arise in the prediction of air concentration within the cavity and reattachment zone. Among the investigated approaches, the Locally Refined Structured Mesh coupled with SGS models provides better agreement with experimental results, capturing flow patterns, pressure distribution, air concentration in the cavity, and the downstream region with reasonable accuracy. The Uniform Structured Mesh and RNG k-ε exhibit larger deviations in terms of flow pattern, velocity, pressure, and air concentration. The findings demonstrate that aerated spillway flow predictions are more sensitive to grid resolution than to SGS modelling configurations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1917485</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1917485</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A multi-criteria approach to risk assessment and mitigation in UAE oil and gas construction projects: a hybrid Delphi–Fuzzy AHP framework]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Raghad Almashhour</author><author>Abroon Qazi</author><author>M. K. S. Al-Mhdawi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Oil and gas construction projects (O&GCPs) are among the most complex and high-stakes endeavors in the world. In the UAE, these projects operate under demanding safety and regulatory environments, yet persistent risk-related disruptions continue to undermine project performance. Existing risk management frameworks rarely integrate prioritization with mitigation strategy evaluation, leaving practitioners without structured guidance under conditions of uncertainty. This study addresses that gap by developing a hybrid Delphi–Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) framework for UAE O&GCPs. A systematic literature review identified 51 candidate risk factors, of which 32 organized across six categories achieved expert consensus through a two-round Delphi process involving ten UAE-based industry professionals. FAHP was subsequently applied to derive priority weights for each risk dimension and associated mitigation strategies. Results reveal a strongly hierarchical risk structure in which health, safety, and workforce wellbeing emerged as the dominant criterion with a weight of 0.502, followed by regulatory and site risks at 0.266, while financial factors ranked lowest. Alignment with Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) standards emerged as the single most critical mitigation sub-criterion, confirming that safety compliance drives project continuity in this sector. These findings provide practitioners with a prioritized, evidence-based roadmap for allocating resources and designing mitigation strategies in UAE O&G construction.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1899126</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1899126</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Reinterpreting vernacular traditions in mass housing: a cultural compliance approach using Chettinad architecture]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ramalakshmi Lakshmanan</author><author>Madhumathi Anbu</author><author>Niveditha Sudarsanam</author><author>Williams Williams</author><author>Zahra Yasmoon</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionMass housing has emerged as a pragmatic response to address the increasing housing demand of India’s growing population. However, its predominantly Western design paradigm often overlooks the diverse cultural practices and lifestyles of residents, resulting in cultural alienation, loss of identity, and reduced inclusivity. Although previous studies have primarily focused on the environmental, economic, and functional performance of housing, limited attention has been given to integrating cultural sensitivity into mass housing design. This study investigates how the spatial and architectural characteristics of Chettinad vernacular architecture can be adapted to contemporary mass housing to promote culturally inclusive residential environments.MethodsThe study adopted a mixed-methods research approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. Comparative case studies of traditional Chettinad ancestral houses and contemporary housing developments were undertaken alongside questionnaire surveys involving Chettiar respondents residing in India and abroad. The culturally significant architectural and spatial elements identified through the qualitative phase were prioritised using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine their relative importance and feasibility for integration into mass housing.ResultsThe AHP analysis identified courtyards and pillars as the highest-ranked cultural elements, suitable for incorporation within shared and community spaces of apartment developments. At the dwelling-unit level, Athangudi tiles, wood craftsmanship, and dedicated pooja rooms emerged as culturally significant elements that can be realistically integrated without compromising spatial efficiency. The findings demonstrate that vernacular design principles can be systematically translated into contemporary housing through interventions at both the building-block and individual-unit scales, thereby enhancing cultural identity while maintaining functional requirements.DiscussionThe study provides a transferable framework for integrating vernacular architectural values into mass housing through context-sensitive and participatory design strategies. By aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, the proposed framework contributes to the development of culturally inclusive and socially sustainable housing. Although the research focuses on the Chettinad community, the methodology and design framework can be adapted to other regions with comparable socio-cultural traditions, vernacular architecture, and family-oriented lifestyles, thereby supporting broader applications in culturally responsive housing design.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1957064</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1957064</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Degradation of energy-based limit curve for earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames with steel damper columns]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kenji Fujii</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames (MRFs) equipped with steel damper columns (SDCs) are damage-tolerant structural systems in which seismic energy is primarily dissipated by the damper panels in the SDCs. An energy-based limit-curve framework using cumulative input energy and maximum momentary input energy was previously developed for these systems, but it was limited to the initial, undamaged state. After prior seismic damage, residual capacity may depend on both peak deformation and cumulative loading history. This study proposes post-damage energy-based limit curves for earthquake-damaged RC MRFs with SDCs. Damaged states are defined using the Extended Critical Pseudo-Multi Impulse Analysis in terms of the peak story drift and the number of pseudo-impulsive lateral forces during the first multi-impulsive input (MI). The results show that the post-damage limit curves lie inside the corresponding initial-state limit curves, with greater degradation for larger peak deformation and more extensive cyclic loading during the first MI. Furthermore, the residual ratios of the post-damage limit curves decrease as the number of pseudo-impulsive lateral forces in the second MI increases. These findings demonstrate that, for the RC MRFs with SDCs examined in this study, post-earthquake residual seismic capacity should be evaluated using an energy-based framework that considers both the damaged state and the subsequent input.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1889807</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1889807</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A conceptual framework for structural masonry transformation: integrating quality, efficiency, skills, materials and governance]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Bonga PraiseGod Khuzwayo</author><author>Walied Elsaigh</author><author>Roderick Rankine</author><author>Mark Walker</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThis study exposes systemic challenges affecting structural masonry performance, including skills shortages, material non-compliance, regulatory fragmentation, supervision practices and sustainable construction governance in South Africa. Structural masonry remains one of the most fundamental building technologies globally, particularly within developing economies. However, its quality and efficiency have been challenged by material deficiencies, inadequate training, lack of supervision and poor adherence to standards. The pursuit of improved structural and production efficiency in masonry is imperative for ensuring durability, sustainability and cost effectiveness in construction.MethodsThe study develops a socio-technical framework explaining how governance fragmentation, declining workforce capability and inconsistent technical compliance collectively shape masonry performance. Interview data collected from industry specialists using a semi structured approach are used in the analysis to highlight the congruences and incongruences between the theoretical arguments and real world industry practices.ResultsThis study provides an integrated framework, taking into account technical, human and organisational considerations, which would facilitate compliance, innovation, quality assurance and human capability in structural masonry. The findings indicate that structural masonry inefficiency emerges through reinforcing interaction between institutional fragmentation, declining human capability and inconsistent technical compliance systems.DiscussionThe study contributes an integrated socio-technical systems framework for analysing structural masonry transformation within developing construction environments.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1899581</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1899581</link>
        <title><![CDATA[AI-ready hydraulic risk prioritization of deteriorated Andean concrete channels]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mayra Alejandra Núñez</author><author>Samanda Monserrath Núñez</author><author>Arlette Dayana Guevara</author><author>Carlos Damian Pinto</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionOpen concrete channels in Andean watersheds convey irrigation water and urban stormwater, and their deterioration raises Manning’s roughness coefficient (n), alters specific energy (E) and consumes freeboard. Managers know that a channel is degraded but lack a reproducible procedure for turning that observation into a defensible intervention priority.MethodsWe characterise ten consecutive reaches (219 m) of a rectangular cyclopean-concrete channel in Ambato, Ecuador (b = 0.645 m; Q = 0.21 m3/s; s0 ≈ 0.03). Each reach was scored on a 1–5 Structural Damage Index and mapped to a Manning coefficient through an additive decomposition reported reach by reach. The coefficients were propagated through the Manning–Strickler equation, solved simultaneously with continuity, to obtain normal depth, velocity, Froude number, specific energy and freeboard. Because these quantities are deterministic functions of the assigned n, they are reported as transfer curves rather than as statistical relationships; analysis is confined to the observations themselves and to the propagation of observer uncertainty.ResultsAssigned coefficients ranged from 0.016 to 0.034, that is 23%–162% above the design value of 0.013. Departure of specific energy from the design condition ranged from 14.5% to 30.9%, and freeboard fell from 0.277 m to 0.160 m in the most degraded reach, a loss of 42% of the original margin. The transfer curve is not monotonic: the departure peaks near n ≈ 0.030 and declines beyond it, because specific energy passes through its minimum at the critical regime, reached here at n ≈ 0.0304. A one-class error in visual scoring displaces the departure by 8.6 percentage points on average and would change the intervention tier of six of the ten reaches; the two requiring immediate intervention are not among them.ConclusionStructured visual assessment combined with transparent hydraulic propagation yields a traceable intervention hierarchy reproducible with a camera, a total station and an open-source solver. The hydraulic values are model-derived estimates conditional on the assigned coefficients, not measurements; calibration against in situ measurement remains necessary and generalisation beyond this channel is not demonstrated. The protocol, imagery and scripts are released as an openly licensed dataset intended as ground truth for future classifiers.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1823417</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1823417</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Assessing and improving spatial equality in hyper-dense cities: a network analysis of amenity accessibility of Hong Kong’s public housing estates]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chun Ho Lam</author><author>Lai Peng Xu</author><author>Han Hsi Ho</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIn hyper‐dense cities such as Hong Kong, unequal access to essential amenities has important implications for social equity, particularly within the public housing sector. However, accessibility differences between Public Rental Housing (PRH) and Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) estates have rarely been examined from both multimodal travel‐time and network‐structural perspectives.MethodsThis study examined 147 public housing estates in Kowloon, including 82 PRH and 65 HOS estates, and assessed access to five categories of public medical and educational facilities: general outpatient clinics, hospitals, specialist outpatient clinics, public primary schools, and public secondary schools. Travel times by driving, public transit, and walking were obtained from the Google Maps Distance Matrix API on weekdays in February 2025. Estate‐level accessibility was measured using average travel time to retained facilities, PRH‐HOS differences were tested statistically, and GIS‐based Kernel Density Estimation and Gephi network analysis were used to assess spatial concentration, closeness centrality, modularity, and network density.ResultsPRH estates had modestly but significantly longer driving times than HOS estates. Across all key facilities, the mean driving time was 0.47 min longer for PRH estates, corresponding to a 5.1% increase. Public-transit differences were generally small and non-significant, whereas walking differences varied by facility type. PRH estates also showed lower average closeness centrality (0.38 versus 0.52) and lower network density (0.22 versus 0.35), while the overall modularity score of 0.62 indicated distinct accessibility communities.DiscussionAccessibility inequality within Hong Kong’s public housing sector is mode‐ and amenity‐specific and is reflected not only in travel‐time differences but also in the structural positions of estates within the housing‐amenity network. The findings support targeted amenity allocation, transit and pedestrian improvements, and accessibility‐sensitive planning for existing and future public housing estates.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1844130</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1844130</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Tracking the carbon from forests to the built environment with a scalable and geographically versatile model]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Galina Churkina</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Building cities with timber has been proposed as a feasible nature-based solution to balance the global carbon cycle and mitigate climate change. The transition to timber construction offers benefits, including enhanced on-site carbon storage and reduced carbon emissions from the construction sector. This transition also imposes pressure on forests, currently playing a crucial role in offsetting global warming. At the same time, this shift reshapes carbon pools not only in forests, but also in the built environment and fossil fuel reserves. The impacts of such a transition on all the carbon pools mentioned above are poorly understood. Here, the results of a new numerical model, which is scalable and geographically versatile, are presented, and the impacts of timber construction on carbon pools are assessed for three case studies located in Europe, Asia, and North America. The case studies had the highest impact on the carbon storage in forests (40%–46% of the potential stored carbon in each case study), followed by the impact on the carbon stored in the built environment (10%–23%) and preserved in fossil fuel deposits (9%–13%). All three projects created a temporary carbon pool in the form of scrap wood, whose size (22%–40%) exceeded the amount of carbon stored in the built environment or fossil fuel deposits. The presented model should provide guidance on optimizing and comparing the benefits of timber construction projects at different spatial scales and in different regions of the world for balancing the carbon cycle. The model offers a preliminary framework for guidance, pending evaluation. An open-access beta version of the model is available online.]]></description>
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