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        <title>Frontiers in Built Environment | Construction Materials section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/built-environment/sections/construction-materials</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Construction Materials section in the Frontiers in Built Environment journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-05-02T04:40:24.612+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1811987</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1811987</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Augmented reality as a performance-enabling tool for high-performance materials in the built environment: evidence from a lebanese building case study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Claudia Mattar</author><author>Wahib Arairo</author><author>M. S. Khatib</author><author>Anthony Azar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionHigh-performance materials (HPMs), including advanced insulation systems, high-strength concretes, engineered composites, and prefabricated façade components, are increasingly utilized in the built environment to enhance structural efficiency, durability, sustainability, and lifecycle performance. However, their successful implementation requires high levels of construction accuracy, coordination, and quality control to achieve the intended performance. Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as a promising digital tool to bridge the gap between design intent and on-site execution, yet empirical evidence quantifying its effectiveness—particularly in developing and Middle Eastern construction contexts—remains limited.MethodsThis study evaluates the impact of AR-assisted construction workflows on the implementation quality of HPM systems through a case study of a mid-rise residential building project in Lebanon. The analysis focuses on the installation and coordination phases of advanced building envelope and structural components. Conventional construction workflows were compared with AR-assisted processes using an AR-based visualization and alignment system that overlays digital building models onto the physical environment. Data were collected through site observations, project records, and installation performance tracking. Key performance indicators (KPIs)—including installation accuracy, material waste, rework frequency, productivity, cost efficiency, safety, and stakeholder coordination—were quantitatively assessed. Comparative field data analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation were employed to evaluate performance relationships.ResultsThe findings demonstrate that AR-assisted workflows significantly improve installation precision, reduce material waste and rework, and enhance overall cost efficiency and safety performance. Strong correlations were identified between installation accuracy, waste reduction, and cost performance, indicating that improvements in execution quality directly influence project outcomes.DiscussionThe results highlight AR’s role as a performance-enabling technology that extends beyond visualization by actively supporting the effective deployment of HPMs. By safeguarding the intended functional benefits of advanced materials under resource-constrained conditions, AR contributes to improved construction efficiency and sustainability. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the integration of digital construction technologies with material performance optimization and underscores AR’s strategic value in advancing sustainable construction practices in emerging economies.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1763749</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1763749</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Risk analysis of the causes of time and cost overruns in the Lebanese precast industry]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nabil Semaan</author><author>Samer El Zahab</author><author>Robert Nini</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe purpose of this article is to analyse the causes and risk behind time and cost overruns in the Lebanese precast sector, mainly hollow core slabs, precast beams and column.MethodsThe methodology includes the following steps: (i) a review of the time and cost overrun causes in the global construction industry; (ii) the use of questionnaires to identify causes specific to the Lebanese precast industry; (iii) an examination of the significance, frequency, and impact of the causes; (iv) the ranking of the causes; and (v) the performance of quantitative risk analysis.DiscussionThe most significant time overrun cause, according to research, is “Lack or delay of delivery of materials in markets”, while the most significant cost overrun cause is “Fluctuations in the cost of building materials”. The ranking results reveal a clear pattern: “financial management, contractual stability, and early design coordination” are the dominant determinants of both time and cost overruns in the Lebanese precast industry. According to the risk analysis study results, a project with a 50% risk level has a 37% time overrun potential and a 29% cost overrun potential. These findings imply that targeted interventions addressing the highest-probability causes can substantially reduce schedule risk, whereas cost control requires systemic and integrated strategies spanning design management, financial planning, contractual clarity, and market risk allocation.ConclusionsThe primary causes of time and expense overruns in the Lebanese precast sector can be identified, ranked, and evaluated for risk by owners, project managers, and engineers thanks to this study. This study is the first to examine the causes that contribute to time and cost overruns in the precast concrete sector in Lebanon.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1799062</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1799062</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Bond and flexural strength of industrial cast UHPFRC-NC deck in Norway]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Malena Thomassen</author><author>Ingrid Lande</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A large portion of Norway’s aging bridge infrastructure requires rehabilitation due to environmental exposure. Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) overlays have emerged as a promising solution; however, their large-scale application using locally available materials remains limited. This study investigates the mechanical performance and bond behaviour of an industrially cast, locally produced UHPFRC overlay applied to a low-strength C20/25 concrete substrate. Composite bridge deck specimens consisting of a 50 mm UHPFRC overlay on a 100 mm conventional concrete layer were produced at industrial scale and tested using four-point bending combined with digital image correlation (DIC) to evaluate flexural behaviour, crack initiation, and crack development. Pull-off teste was conducted to evaluate the bond strength of the composite material. The results showed continuous load–displacement responses without delamination, confirming monolithic behaviour, with crack initiation consistently occurring in the UHPFRC layer at an average flexural tensile strength of 5.7 MPa and reaching 13.3 MPa at maximum load. A multi-cracking phase was observed in most specimens, though strain-hardening behaviour was limited and peak load occurred shortly after the quasi-elastic domain, while failure was governed by interaction between ductile microcracking in the UHPFRC layer and localized shear cracking in the substrate. All pull-off tests resulted in substrate failure, with bond strengths ranging from 2.1 to 2.4 MPa, indicating strong interfacial performance. Overall, the findings demonstrate that locally produced, industrially cast UHPFRC can achieve robust bonding and satisfactory flexural performance, supporting its feasibility for large-scale bridge rehabilitation, although layer thickness and substrate properties influence the structural response.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1753297</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1753297</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Investigation into the structural, durability, and thermal behavior of paddy stubble ash as a cementitious replacement for sustainable concrete]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sunita Sarangi</author><author>Suganya OM</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In light of the increasing population leading to climatic changes across the globe, it has become imperative to dispose of waste materials, both organic and inorganic, bionic and non-bionic, to mitigate all aspects of environmental pollution, that is, land, water, and air. One method is to reuse such waste in the construction industry, which is also a major contributor to environmental pollution, in various forms, viz., admixture, additive, and reinforcement. In the present investigation, paddy stubble ash (PSA) was prepared by burning the stubble within an enclosure subjected to isothermal heating. The ash was found to comprise more than 60% silicon, aluminum, magnesium, and oxygen, confirming it as a pozzolanic material. The assay was followed by replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The structural properties of the lightweight concrete blocks, such as compressive strength and durability, were investigated following the IS 516:1959 (Reaffirmed 2018) and IS 456:2000 (Reaffirmed 2021) standards, respectively. At 7.5% replacement, the compressive strength had the highest value of 25.27 MPa, 30.61 MPa, and 34.28 MPa for 7 days, 28 days, and 56 days of curing, respectively, and that of the 10% replacement was the lowest. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs revealed uniformity in calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel formation during the hydration process for the concrete mix compositions. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) elemental analysis showed dominance of calcium (Ca) and its compounds in PSA-incorporated concrete, as well as in the control concrete after 28 days and 56 days of curing. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals significant mass loss for control concrete and 5% PSA-replaced concrete, whereas with the 7.5% and 10% PSA-incorporated concretes, the mass loss was found to be reduced because of better moisture absorption.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1790749</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1790749</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Heterogeneity-aware stacked machine learning for predicting high-performance concrete compressive strength]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mahan Samiadel</author><author>Farahnaz Soleimani</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Accurate prediction of compressive strength (CS) in high-performance concrete (HPC) is essential for optimizing mix design and ensuring structural reliability. Unlike conventional concrete, HPC incorporates low water-to-binder ratios, supplementary cementitious materials, and chemical admixtures that introduce stronger nonlinear interactions and greater mix-design variability, increasing modeling complexity. Traditional empirical models often struggle to capture these coupled effects. This study develops a heterogeneity-aware machine learning (ML) framework based on stacked ensemble modeling to enhance prediction accuracy, robustness, and interpretability. A dataset of 1,525 HPC mix designs compiled from five independent sources was used, incorporating eight mix and curing variables as predictors of CS. Sixteen regression algorithms, including tree-based models, kernel methods, and neural networks, were implemented as base learners. Their out-of-fold predictions trained meta-learners, with Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Elastic Net Regression (ENR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) evaluated as alternatives. In 10-fold cross-validation, all meta-model configurations achieved high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.97–0.98). To evaluate generalization, heterogeneity-aware grouped cross-validation was performed by holding out one entire dataset at a time. Results revealed that models trained on mixed-source data can overestimate generalization and deteriorate when predicting unseen sources, a limitation not commonly evaluated in prior HPC studies. While stacking improved robustness, its accuracy was comparable to the best single model but offered enhanced stability across heterogeneous datasets and reduced systematic error. SHAP analysis confirmed the dominant influence of XGBoost and GB while identifying key material parameters governing CS. The proposed framework supports practical engineering decision-making, including mix optimization and early-stage strength assessment, and offers a scalable, interpretable approach for data-driven HPC prediction.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1754667</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1754667</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Axial behaviors of confined and unconfined brick masonry pillars]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>K. G. Praveen</author><author>A. Punitha Kumar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Bricks are globally used in both load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures. In the rural areas of many countries, economic constraints are the primary reason for adopting brick masonry in load-bearing structures. In load-bearing structures, brick pillars and walls support the loads and transfer them to the footing. Generally, brick pillars fail due to crushing and are brittle in nature. The present work is aimed at preventing sudden brittle collapse of fly ash brick pillars. Accordingly, we experimentally tested a series of unconfined and confined brick pillars having various slenderness ratios. The testing program included unconfined, axially reinforced unconfined, and wire mesh confined brick pillars. To understand the compressive behaviors of these pillars, all column specimens were axially loaded till failure. Thus, the load-carrying capacities and failure behaviors of all brick pillars are outlined. Both unconfined and axially reinforced unconfined masonry pillars experienced sudden failure due to crushing. The strength of the wire mesh confined brick masonry pillar was higher than that of the unconfined brick masonry pillar and showed no sudden failure.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1777127</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1777127</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Strength and microstructural improvement of silica fume-modified coconut shell aggregate concrete using machine learning analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kunchala Anjaneyulu</author><author>S. K. Sekar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This paper analyses the mechanical behaviour and microstructure of Coconut Shell Aggregate Concrete (CSAC) with Silica Fume (SF) as an additional cementitious material. The binder was also partially replaced with SF at 5, 10 and 15 percent and 10 percent of the coarse aggregate replaced with coconut shells (CS). Out of all the mixtures, the one with 10% SF and 10% CS had the highest level of compressive, split tensile strength with an improvement of approximately 15% and flexural strength approximately 5% compared to the reference mix. This performance improvement can mainly be linked to the pozzolanic activity and filler effect of SF that led to the enhanced packing of the particles, increased the density of the matrix, and improved microstructural compactness. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to establish the greater proportion of amorphous silica, and the generation of secondary calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), and provided a qualitative understanding of the densification of the matrix after the introduction of silica fume by SEM analysis. Besides this, various machine learning (ML) algorithms were created; among them, Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost were used to predict the mechanical performance of the mixes, depending on the mixes and curing time. Out of all these models, XGBoost had the highest accuracy in the predicted values (R2 = 0.96, RMSE < 1.5 MPa), which demonstrated the exploratory potential of artificial intelligence for predictive modelling of sustainable lightweight concrete mixtures.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1765067</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1765067</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Laser 3D scanning for shrinkage measurement in 3DCP mortar: an investigative study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Akash G. Sunny</author><author>Jayaprakash Jaganathan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The shrinkage of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) mortars has been evaluated using methods such as length comparator, DIC methods that consider one dimension, or a surface for estimating the shrinkage in the specimen. The application of metrology-grade laser 3D scanning (3DS) technology is potent in acquiring high-accuracy point cloud. The study investigates the feasibility of assessing the shrinkage of 3D printable mix using 3DS technology. The shrinkage can be assessed using two different methods: (a) cloud volume computation and (b) an M3C2 approach on the 3DS of the specimens at various time intervals, ranging from demoulding to 64 days. A total of 18 specimens of different mixes for cement replacement with two clay-based materials (substitution percentage was varied between 0% and 22%) were examined. The specimens attained a similar pattern of shrinkage in post-demoulding, followed by expansion due to curing, and an increasing trend of shrinkage for 60 days post-curing. The shrinkage performance in the 3DCP mixes was reduced with the addition of clay-based cement replacement. In addition, the cement-to-sand ratio and the addition of fiber content had a significant impact in reducing the extent of shrinkage. The extent of the effect of the above variables needs to be determined in future research. The cloud-volume-based shrinkage estimation assisted in understanding the overall shrinkage behavior of the specimen; however, it was susceptible to errors during scanning. M3C2 shrinkage estimation was based on the mean deviation of the point cloud. The 3DS utilized in the shrinkage evaluation provides insight into volumetric shrinkage using a mesh volume calculation and the maximum extent of point deviation in the specimen through M3C2 point cloud processing.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1741805</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1741805</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Field observations of spatial surface temperature variations on masonry walls using infrared thermography]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Alfonso Prosperi</author><author>Paul A. Korswagen</author><author>Michele Longo</author><author>Jan G. Rots</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Temperature variations in masonry façades can induce expansion and contraction movements. When these movements are restrained, cracking and material degradation may occur, especially in older buildings lacking movement or expansion joints. Such temperature variations arise from factors as solar radiation, shading, material color, reflectivity, and environmental conditions. This study investigates the magnitude and spatial distribution of surface temperature variations (ΔT) on exterior masonry wall surfaces using outdoor infrared (IR) thermography. A better understanding of the magnitude and distribution of ΔT is essential for accurate damage assessment and for improving the attributability of observed damage to temperature effects rather than to other causes. Field data were collected in Delft, the Netherlands. Thermal images were captured with an IR camera to identify temperature differences across various points on exterior wall surfaces under direct solar radiation and varying shading conditions. The acquired imagery was analyzed using temperature histograms and profiles to quantify thermal gradients over the surface area of the façades. Results revealed significant spatial temperature variations, with measured ΔT values reaching up to 13 °C between the warmest and coolest zones on individual façades. Even where façades showed no pronounced surface gradients, temperature differences of up to 6 °C occurred between different, contiguous exterior walls of the same building. The study demonstrates that outdoor thermography, combined with targeted image processing, effectively identifies thermal gradients on masonry façades. These gradients reflect uneven thermal responses under real environmental conditions, which can accelerate moisture-related damage, cracking, and material fatigue. The findings emphasize the need to account for surface temperature heterogeneity in damage assessment of existing structures.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1768387</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1768387</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mechanical and microstructural evaluation of lime-wheat husk ash blend for clay subgrade stabilization]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amos Adesoji Adekanle</author><author>Emmanuel Akintunde Okunade</author><author>Benjamin Ayowole Alo</author><author>Temitope Funmilayo Awolusi</author><author>Firas Barraj</author><author>Marc Azab</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionClay soils often exhibit poor geotechnical properties, limiting their suitability for road construction. Stabilizing agents such as lime and agricultural waste provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions. This study investigates the stabilization of clay subgrade soil using wheat husk ash (WHA) and lime.MethodsX-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was conducted on WHA and clay soil to determine their oxide composition. Soil stabilization was performed with varying combinations of lime (5–7%) and WHA (1–3%). Engineering properties were assessed through Atterberg limits, compaction tests, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and microstructural analysis using SEM-EDS.ResultsThe natural soil exhibited a plasticity index (PI) of 25.34%, indicating the need for improvement. The soil’s oxide composition classified it as laterite, with a silica/sesquioxides ratio between 1.33 and 2.00. WHA acted as an additive, with Fe2O3 + Al2O3 + SiO2 content below 70%. Stabilized soils achieved maximum dry densities (MDD) ranging from 1603 to 1798 kg/m3 and optimum moisture contents (OMC) between 13.7% and 20.2%. Significant improvements in MDD were observed at 7% Lime + 1% WHA, 6% Lime + 2% WHA, and 5% Lime + 3% WHA, all exceeding 1700 kg/m3. UCS values improved across all mixes, with the highest strength of 291.71 kN/m2 recorded for 7% Lime + 1% WHA. Microstructural analysis confirmed enhanced bonding and strength development.DiscussionThe combined use of lime and WHA significantly improved the geotechnical properties of clay soil, particularly in terms of plasticity, compaction, and UCS. The optimized mix design (7% Lime + 1% WHA) demonstrates the potential of agricultural waste-based stabilization for sustainable highway subgrade and subbase applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1772413</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1772413</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The potential of pulverised rabbit droppings as a soil stabiliser in compressed earth blocks]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Andrews Ayer Teye</author><author>Humphrey Danso</author><author>Frank Ackon</author><author>Prosper Mensah</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study assessed the potential of pulverised rabbit droppings as a stabiliser in compressed earth blocks (CEBs) to minimise the adverse impact of these droppings on the environment and also advance the discourse on sustainable building construction materials. Fresh rabbit droppings were collected, sun-dried, crushed, and sieved with a 2 mm mesh; 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 15% of the pulverised droppings were mixed with dried laterite soil to produce the CEBs. Split tensile strength, compressive strength, dry density, water absorption, and erosion tests were conducted on the CEBs. The 5% inclusion of rabbit droppings resulted in an optimum split tensile strength of 0.215 N/mm2 and compressive strength of 1.368 N/mm2, representing 17.5% and 8.1% increases, respectively, over the control. The erosion resistance of the blocks improved with the pulverised rabbit droppings from 5% and above. The water absorption reduced to 2.70% for 5% rabbit droppings inclusion from the control of 5.01%, representing a 46.1% reduction. The study concludes that the pulverised rabbit dropping inclusions in CEBs positively improved the properties of CEBs and, therefore, have great potential for use as a soil stabiliser in CEBs. It is recommended that 5% pulverised rabbit droppings should be used by CEB manufacturers to improve the properties of the blocks. Further studies should investigate the thermal, fire-resistance, chemical composition, and long-term durability properties of CEBs stabilised with pulverised rabbit droppings.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1741555</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1741555</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multi-output optimisation of geopolymer mortar using Taguchi and TOPSIS method]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kannan Kai</author><author>A. Abdul Rahim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this study, a ternary blended geopolymer mortar was optimised by incorporating GGBS, metakaolin, and paper sludge ash using the hybrid Taguchi-TOPSIS method. An L16 design was used to test various responses of their performance by varying four parameters, namely, GGBS, MK, PSA, and molarity, at four levels. The tested sample ANOVA results showed that the most significant effect was observed for a factor, molarity, at 71%, followed by GGBS 19%. The best proportion was observed as TBM-15 (70% GGBS, 15% MK, 7.5% PSA, 4 M NaOH), which had 83.20 N/mm2 compressive strength after 28 days of testing, it also showed 65 percentage reduction in water absorption, and 40 percentage faster setting compared with the control. A dense C-A-S-H gel formation and enhanced microstructural integrity were also demonstrated by SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses. A system of hybrid optimisation successfully reduced the number of trials but produced a strong, durable, and sustainable geopolymer binder.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1740790</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1740790</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Enhancing the performance of recycled aggregate concrete using graphene oxide]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rathnaswamy S.</author><author>Jagadeesh P.</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The use of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in concrete helps the environment by using fewer natural resources and reducing the amount of trash in landfills. Nevertheless, RCA coarse is generally less strong and more porous because of the adhesion of mortar and a suboptimal interfacial transition zone (ITZ). This study employed recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) to examine the feasibility of employing graphene oxide (GO) to serve as a nano-engineered additive to improve concrete’s microstructural and mechanical properties. The creation of an M30-grade concrete mix using 100% RCA and M-sand was the main goal of the current investigation, whereby GO was added at a ratio of 0.02%–0.06% of the cement weight. Using SEM, EDS, FTIR, TGA, and micro-CT scanning, we investigated microstructure and mechanical characteristics, such as compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength. The results show that the inclusion of GO significantly improves both ITZ compaction and strength development. The most desirable effect was realized using 0.04% GO. The microstructure study indicated that the crack-bridging and nucleation actions of GO resulted in decreased porosity, improved pore distribution, and strengthened aggregate–cement bonding. These findings reveal that GO can overcome challenges associated with RCA concrete, paving the way for better quality and more stable construction materials.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1744100</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1744100</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Advancing eco-friendly concrete with locally sourced natural pozzolana]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>W. H. Khushefati</author><author>Elwy A. Ahmed</author><author>A. Shihata</author><author>Ramazan Demirboga</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThis study investigates the potential of locally sourced Natural Pozzolana (NP) from Saudi Arabia as a sustainable Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) for green concrete, supporting Saudi Vision 2030.MethodsAn extensive experimental program was conducted on nine concrete mixes comprising over 450 specimens, in which Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was partially replaced with NP at levels up to 50%, with selected mixes incorporating Silica Fume (SF) and corrosion inhibitors (INH). Fresh properties (slump and initial temperature), mechanical performance (compressive and splitting tensile strength at 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days), and durability (chloride permeability and sulphate resistance) were evaluated.ResultsAlthough higher NP contents reduced early-age strength, all NP-based mixes exhibited substantial long-term strength recovery due to sustained pozzolanic activity, with NP20–NP30 achieving 94%–100% of the control strength at 90–180 days. Durability performance improved significantly, with NP mixes reducing chloride permeability by 40%–50%, while SF–NP and INH systems achieved reductions of 70%–76%, shifting RCPT classifications from “moderate” to “very low.” Sulphate exposure produced strength-retention ratios of 100%–114% with no deterioration up to 180 days. One-way ANOVA confirmed that all improvements were statistically significant and attributable to binder composition.Discussion and conclusionsThe findings demonstrate that locally sourced Saudi NP, particularly when combined with SF and corrosion inhibitors, provides a viable pathway for producing durable, low-carbon concrete while reducing cement consumption and supporting sustainable construction practices.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1759978</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1759978</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mechanical properties and micro-mechanisms of soft soil stabilized with rice husk ash and multi-source solid waste-based cementitious materials]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rui Xu</author><author>Yuxiang Xie</author><author>Yichao Chen</author><author>Zhenya Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[To address the issues of high energy consumption, significant carbon emissions, and suboptimal effectiveness associated with conventional cement-stabilized soft soil, this study proposes a novel binder composed of rice husk ash (RHA) and multi-source solid wastes for soft soil stabilization. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties and micro-mechanisms of this composite stabilization system. The results indicate that: (1) For the composite stabilized soil across all curing ages, the order of significance of the factors influencing strength is RHA content > carbide slag content > cement-to-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) ratio. The optimal binder composition, based on UCS evaluation, is RHA:cement:GGBS:carbide slag = 3:6.4:9.6:1 when the mass ratio of composite binder to dry soil is 20%. (2) Compared to cement-stabilized soil with the same binder content, the optimal composite stabilized soil exhibited 24% and 39% higher UCS at 14 and 28 days, respectively. The stress-strain curves shifted rightward, with increased ultimate strain and enhanced toughness. (3) SEM analysis revealed significantly more dense honeycomb and network structures in the composite stabilized soil compared to cement-stabilized soil. Hydration-generated calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels connected and filled the pores, improving soil density and strength.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1734576</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1734576</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrating sustainable material performance and project success factors: insights from the lebanese construction sector]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Claudia Mattar</author><author>Wahib Arairo</author><author>Milad Khatib</author><author>Anthony Azar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The construction industry is undergoing a rapid transformation driven by the global urgency to minimize carbon emissions, improve material efficiency, and enhance resilience across the built environment. In developing contexts such as Lebanon, construction projects face persistent challenges related to economic instability, limited regulation, and fragmented management practices, often hindering the transition toward sustainable materials and practices. This paper presents a hybrid study combining a literature-based review of sustainability-oriented construction success factors with a Lebanese case study assessing institutional, managerial, and material-related determinants of project performance. A structured survey of 55 Lebanese construction firms was conducted to evaluate the relevance of external, institutional, and internal success factors, while integrating emerging sustainability and material performance indicators. Findings reveal that economic and technological variables, coupled with the availability of construction standards and managerial competencies, are crucial to achieving both conventional project success and sustainable material outcomes. The study highlights the pivotal role of regulatory modernization, green procurement, and material innovation; such as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), recycled aggregates, and smart material applications; in advancing the Lebanese construction sector toward a low-carbon future. The proposed framework connects project success factors with material performance, offering a pathway to more resilient, efficient, and environmentally responsible construction practices in developing economies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1700128</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1700128</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Research on flame retardant and smoke suppression technology of asphalt and its mechanism]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yanxin Song</author><author>Peirong Liu</author><author>Jinlong Huang</author><author>Beite Li</author><author>Huangsheng Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[As tunnel traffic infrastructure rapidly expands, the construction of asphalt pavements within tunnels and fire protection measures have become particularly critical. Asphalt, as a commonly used paving material, exhibits combustion characteristics and smoke suppression capabilities that are of paramount importance. This paper first examines the combustion of asphalt, outlining its fire retardant mechanisms. Subsequently, it categorizes and discusses asphalt fire retardant technologies, Explaining the various types of flame retardants and how each works. It further examines how incorporating flame-retardant components and using high-void pavement structures improve fire resistance. The study then addresses research methodologies for evaluating flame retardant performance, listing several testing methods and comparing their ability to assess relevant indicators of asphalt’s fire retardant efficacy. It highlights the limitations of relying on a single indicator in current research and the discrepancies that arise in practical engineering applications. The paper also summarizes the conditions for the currently popular nano-modified asphalts, outlining the parameters for some prevalent nano-modified asphalt formulations. This study highlights the dual role of nanomaterials in enhancing asphalt flame retardancy via char formation and catalytic oxidation, and in concurrently curbing VOC emissions. This work paves the way for developing novel, green, and high-performance asphalt materials. Finally, it concludes by summarizing the research trends and potential future directions for flame retardant asphalt, identifying areas that warrant further investigation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1721414</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1721414</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Life cycle assessment and structural evaluation of sustainable and cost effective engineered cementitious composite (ECC) repair mortars]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mareena George</author><author>Dhanya Sathyan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of a sustainable Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) repair mortar developed using eco-efficient material modifications and its performance in rehabilitating partially distressed reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The environmental performance of the developed ECC was assessed through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using the ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) method, considering a cradle-to-gate system boundary. The incorporation of quarry dust powder, supplementary cementitious materials (GGBS and silica fume), polymer modifiers (SBR latex), internal curing agent Polyethylene glycol (PEG), and hybrid fibres significantly reduced the overall environmental impact and cost compared to conventional mixes containing silica sand and PVA fibres. To validate structural performance, RC beams were cast and subjected to flexural testing after simulated distress and repair and compared with commercially available repair mortar. The ECC-repaired beams exhibited improved load-carrying capacity, ductility, and crack control relative to beams repaired with conventional mortars. The combined LCA and experimental results confirm that the optimized ECC mortar offers a balanced solution for sustainable and durable repair applications in RC structures.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1713480</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1713480</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Experimental study on roller compacted asphalt concrete core wall considering the influence of different paving thickness]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Liwen Hu</author><author>Zhi Li</author><author>Shangjie Lin</author><author>Weiqi Sun</author><author>Jianrui Ge</author><author>Ankang Huang</author><author>Yuncheng Yuan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Roller compacted asphalt concrete impervious core wall is widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects because of its excellent anti-seepage, deformation adaptation and seismic performance. The current specification stipulates that the thickness of single-layer paving is 30 cm and 25 cm after compaction, which limits the construction efficiency and economy. In order to break through this limitation, this study relies on the Hongshuihe Reservoir Project in Suzhou District of Jiuquan City to explore the feasibility of increasing the paving thickness to 38 cm and above. Through the field layered paving test, the influence of three different rolling times on the compactness, permeability and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete is studied. The density, permeability coefficient and tensile, compressive and flexural properties were measured by using non-destructive testing and core sample testing methods, and the interlayer bonding quality and construction economy were analyzed. The test shows that the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete meet the requirements of design specifications under the condition of paving thickness of 38 cm. The increase of rolling times significantly optimizes the density and permeability coefficient. The tensile strength, compressive strength and bending resistance of the material can reach the standard index. The bonding quality between the layers is good, and the appearance of the core sample has no obvious delamination trace. Compared with the current 30 cm thickness scheme, the thickness of 38 cm can reduce the number of construction layers by about 69 layers, save the construction period by 35 days and reduce the construction cost by about 628,400 yuan. The research confirms that it is feasible to increase the paving thickness of asphalt concrete to 38 cm under the existing equipment and process conditions, and the construction efficiency and economy are significantly improved. The influence of different rolling times on the performance index is clear, and the optimization of the second rolling times can ensure the paving quality and engineering safety. This study provides important data support and reference for the construction technology optimization and specification revision of roller compacted asphalt concrete core wall.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1676385</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1676385</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Revealing the rejuvenation mechanism of SBS modified asphalt through combined rheology-AFM-MD-DFT analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Man Zhang</author><author>Jingzhuo Zhao</author><author>Xu Wu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the changes in microstructure and rheological properties of SBS modified asphalt during aging and regeneration processes. The high-temperature rutting resistance and low-temperature crack resistance at different ageing stages were characterized using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and a bending beam rheometer (BBR). The effects of aging time and rejuvenator on the surface topography characteristics of asphalt were analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Molecular dynamics and density functional theory were employed to analyze the interactions between the rejuvenator and SBS modified asphalt. The results show that aging improves the resistance to high temperature deformation but reduces the temperature sensitivity, which can be effectively mitigated by rejuvenator. Aging deteriorates stress relaxation performance and low-temperature crack resistance, while rejuvenators significantly restore low-temperature properties. Aging action and rejuvenator changed the surface microstructure of SBS modified asphalt. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that rejuvenator molecules disperse among SBS and polar molecules, reducing intermolecular forces. The density functional theory analysis indicates that the rejuvenator exhibits strong electrostatic interactions with polar molecules in aged asphalt, particularly showing significant interactions with the -COH and -COOH functional groups in the SB and BS components. These findings provide a theoretical basis for performance evaluation and optimized design of recycled asphalt.]]></description>
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