AUTHOR=Gerçek Muhammed , Rudolph Volker 

TITLE=Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation: Pathophysiology, Incidence and Prognosis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.701243

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2021.701243

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) can be divided into primary and secondary origins. Primary TR is mostly caused by infective endocarditis, leaflet perforation, entrapment after device place-ment and congenital abnormalities. The natural cause of secondary (functional) TR is not well understood and underdiagnoses is likely. Because symptoms such as ascites, edema and hepatomegaly usually manifest at a late state, assessment of TR is challenging requiring a multiparametric approach. Secondary TR can be subdivided into four morphologic types ac-cording to the underlying mechanism: Left-heart related TR, precapillary pulmonary hyper-tension related TR, right ventricular disease related TR and isolated TR