AUTHOR=Mui Jonathan V. , Zhou Jiandong , Lee Sharen , Leung Keith Sai Kit , Lee Teddy Tai Loy , Chou Oscar Hou In , Tsang Shek Long , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Liu Tong , Wong Wing Tak , Chang Carlin , Tse Gary , Zhang Qingpeng 

TITLE=Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors vs. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) Inhibitors for New-Onset Dementia: A Propensity Score-Matched Population-Based Study With Competing Risk Analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.747620

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2021.747620

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=Introduction: The effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4I) on new onset cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus remain unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the two novel antidiabetic agents on cognitive dysfunction by comparing the rates of dementia between SGLT2I and DPP4I users.
Methods: This was a population-based cohort study of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with SGLT2I/DPP4I between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2019 in Hong Kong. Exclusion criteria were <1 month exposure or exposure to both medication classes, or prior diagnosis of dementia or major neurological/psychiatric diseases. Primary outcomes were new onset dementia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Secondary outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality.
Results: A total of 13276 SGLT2I users and 36544 DPP4I users (total n=51460; median age: 66.3 years old [interquartile range (IQR): 58-76], 55.65% males) were studied (follow-up: 472 [120-792] days). After 1:2 matching (SGLT2I: n=13283; DPP4I: n=26545), SGLT2I users had lower incidences of dementia (0.19% v.s. 0.78%, p<0.0001), Alzheimer’s (0.01% v.s. 0.10%, p=0.0047), Parkinson’s disease (0.02% v.s. 0.14%, p=0.0006), all-cause (5.48% v.s. 12.69%, p<0.0001), cerebrovascular (0.88% v.s. 3.88%, p<0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (0.49% v.s. 3.75%, p<0.0001). Cox regression showed that SGLT2I use was associated with lower risks of dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.27-0.61], P<0.0001), Parkinson’s (HR: 0.28, 95% CI: [0.09-0.91], P=0.0349), all-cause (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: [0.77-0.91], P<0.0001), cardiovascular (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: [0.49-0.85], P=0.0017) and cerebrovascular (HR: 0.36, 95% CI: [0.30-0.43], P<0.0001) mortality.
Conclusions: SGLT2I use is associated with lower risks of dementia, Parkinson’s disease and cerebrovascular mortality compared to DPP4I use after 1:2 ratio propensity score matching.