AUTHOR=Li Mingwei , Wang Shuangxing , Zhang Hui , Zhang Hongtao , Wu Yongjie , Meng Bing 

TITLE=The predictive value of pressure recording analytical method for the duration of mechanical ventilation in children undergoing cardiac surgery with an XGBoost-based machine learning model

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1036340

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2022.1036340

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=Objectives 
Prolonged mechanical ventilation in children undergoing cardiac surgery is related to the decrease of cardiac output. The pressure Recording Analytical Method (PRAM) is a minimally invasive system for continuous hemodynamic monitoring. To evaluate the postoperative prognosis, our study explored the predictive value of hemodynamic management for the duration of mechanical ventilation (DMV). 

Study design 
This retrospective study included 60 infants who underwent cardiac surgery. Cardiac Index(CI), the maximal slope of systolic upstroke (dp/dt max), and cardiac cycle efficiency(CCE) derived from PRAM were documented in each patient at 0, 4, 8 and 12 hours (T0, T1,T2, T3 and T4 respectively) after their admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). A linear mixed model was used to deal with the hemodynamic data. Correlation analysis, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and an XGBoost machine learning model were used to find the key factors for prediction. 

Results 
Linear mixed model revealed time and group effect in CI and dp/dt max. Prolonged DMV has negative correlations with age, weight, CI and dp/dt max at T2. dp/dt max outweighing CI were the strongest predictors(AUC of ROC: 0.978 vs 0.811, p<0.01). The machine learning model suggested that dp/dt max at T2 ≤1.049 or >1.049 in combination with CI at T0 ≤2 or > 2 can predict whether is prolonged DMV(AUC of ROC=0.856). 

Conclusions
Cardiac dysfunction is associated with prolonged DMV with hemodynamic evidence. CI measured by PRAM immediately after ICU admission and dp/dt max that 8h later are 2 key factors in predicting prolonged DMV.