AUTHOR=Matejova Gabriela , Radvan Martin , Bartecku Elis , Kamenik Martin , Koc Lumir , Horinkova Jana , Sykorova Lubica , Stepanova Radka , Kala Petr 

TITLE=Cardiac sequelae after COVID-19: Results of a 1-year follow-up study with echocardiography and biomarkers

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1067943

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2022.1067943

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=Objective: To evaluate the need for cardiac monitoring in unselected patients recovered from COVID-19 and to estimate the risk of heart complications after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Methods: During March 2020 and January 2021, 106 patients who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 (alpha and beta variants) were enrolled in prospective observational cohort study CoSuBr (Covid Survivals in Brno). Demographic parameters, patient history, clinical evaluation, cardiac biomarkers, ECG and echocardiography were recorded during three visits in one year.
Results: 58.5% of the study group (n=106) were female, while the mean age was 46 years (range 18-77 years). The mean time interval between the onset of infection and the follow-up visit was 107 days. One quarter (24.5%) of the patients required hospitalisation during the acute phase of the disease; the rest recovered at home. 74% suffered a mild form of the disease, with 4.8%, 18.1% and 2.9% suffering moderate, severe, and critical forms, respectively. At the time of enrolment, 64.2% of the patients reported persistent symptoms.
In the one-year follow-up after COVID-19 infection, left ventricle ejection fraction showed no significant decrease (median (IQR) change was -1.0 (-6.0; 4.0) %, p=0.150), and there were no changes of troponin (mean change -0.1±1.72ng/L; p=0.380) or NT-proBNP (median (IQR) change 2.0 (-20.0; 29.0) pg/mL; p=0.315). There was a mild decrease in right ventricle end diastolic diameter (-mean change 2.3±5.61mm, p<0.001), while no right ventricle dysfunction was detected. There was very mild progress in left ventricle diastolic diameter (median (IQR) change 1.0 (-1.0; 4.0) mm; p=0.001) between V1 and V3, mild enlargement of the left atrium (mean change 1.2±4.17 mm; p=0.021) and a non-significant trend to impairment of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction. There was a mild change in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (median (IQR) change 3.0 (-2.0; 8.0) mmHg; p=0.038).
Conclusion: Despite a lot of information regarding cardiac impairment due to SARS-CoV2, our study does not suggest an increased risk for developing clinically significant heart changes during the one-year follow-up. Based on our results, routine echocardiography and biomarkers collection is currently not recommended after COVID-19 recovery.