AUTHOR=Wang Chunguang , Taskinen Juuso H. , Segersvärd Heli , Immonen Katariina , Kosonen Riikka , Tolva Johanna M. , Mäyränpää Mikko I. , Kovanen Petri T. , Olkkonen Vesa M. , Sinisalo Juha , Laine Mika , Tikkanen Ilkka , Lakkisto Päivi 

TITLE=Alterations of Cardiac Protein Kinases in Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Signaling Pathways in Human Ischemic Heart Failure

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.919355

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2022.919355

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=Objectives
Impaired protein kinase signaling is a hallmark of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Inadequate understanding of the pathological machanisms limits the development of therapeutic approaches. We aimed to identify the key cardiac kinases and signaling pathways in IHD patients with an effort to discover potential therapeutic strategies. 
Methods 
Cardiac kinase activity in IHD left ventricle (LV) and the related signaling pathways were investigated by kinomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and integrated multi-omics approach. 
Results
Protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG) ranked on top in the activity shift among the cardiac kinases. In the IHD LVs, PKA activity decreased markedly compared to that of controls (62% reduction, p=0.0034) whereas PKG activity remained stable although the amount of PKG protein increased remarkably (65%, p=0.003). mRNA levels of adenylate cyclases (ADCY 1, 3, 5, 9) and cAMP-hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (PDE4A, PDE4D) decreased significantly, while no statistically significant alterations were observed in that of PKGs (PRKG1 and PRKG2) and guanylate cyclases (GUCYs). The gene expression of natriuretic peptide CNP decreased remarkably whereas those of BNP, ANP, and nyprilysin increased significantly in the IHD LVs. Proteomics analysis revealed a significant reduction in protein levels of ‘Energy metabolism’ and ‘Muscle contraction’ in the patients. Multi-omics integration highlighted intracellular signaling by second messengers as the top enriched Reactome pathway.
Conclusions
The deficiency in cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG signaling pathways is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of IHD. Natriuretic peptide CNP could be an attractive therapeutic target for the modulation of cGMP/PKG signaling.