AUTHOR=Petrusca Lorena , Croisille Pierre , Augeul Lionel , Ovize Michel , Mewton Nathan , Viallon Magalie 

TITLE=Cardioprotective effects of shock wave therapy: A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study on acute ischemia-reperfusion injury

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1134389

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2023.1134389

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=Cardioprotection strategies remain a new frontier in treating acute myocardial infarction (AMI), aiming at further protect the myocardium from the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) damage. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the mechano-transduction effects induced by shock waves (SW) therapy at time of the ischemia-reperfusion as a non-invasive cardioprotective innovative approach to trigger healing molecular mechanisms.  We evaluated the SW-therapy effects in an open-chest pig IR model, with quantitative cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging  performed along the experiments at multiple time points. AMI was obtained by a left anterior artery temporary occlusion in 18 pigs (32±1.9kg) randomized into SW therapy and control groups. In the SW group, treatment was started at the end of the ischemia period and extended during early reperfusion (600 +1200 shots @0.09mJ/mm2, f=5Hz). The MR protocol included at all time points LV global function assessment, regional strain quantification, native T1 and T2 parametric mapping. Then, after contrast injection, we obtained late gadolinium imaging and extra-cellular volume mapping. Before animal sacrifice, Evans blue dye was administrated after re-occlusion for area-at-risk sizing. During ischemia, LVEF decreased in both groups (25±4.8% in controls (p=0.031), 31.6±3.2% in SW (p=0.02). After reperfusion, LVEF remained significantly decreased in controls (39.9±4% at LR vs. 60±5% at baseline (p=0.02). In the SW group, LVEF increased quickly ER (43.7±11.4% vs. 52.4±8.2%), and further improved at LR (49.4±10.1) (ER vs LR p=0.05), close to baseline reference (LR vs. B p=0.92). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in myocardial relaxation time after reperfusion in both groups: ΔT1 (MI vs remote) was increased by 23.2±% for SW vs +25.2% for the controls, while ΔT2 (MI vs remote) increased by +24.9% for SW vs +21.7% for the control group. In conclusion, we showed in an ischemia-reperfusion open-chest swine model that SW-therapy, when applied near the relief of 50’ LAD occlusion, led to a nearly immediate cardioprotective effect translating to a reduction in the AMI lesion size and to a significant LV function improvement. These new and promising results related to the multi-targeted effects of SW-therapy in IR injury need to be confirmed by further in-vivo studies in close chest models with longitudinal follow-up.