AUTHOR=Zhong Yan , Chen YingWen , Zhang XinYue , Cai WenJun , Zhao ChangWei , Zhao WenHai TITLE=No evidence of a causal relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and cardiovascular disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2023 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1243867 DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2023.1243867 ISSN=2297-055X ABSTRACT=Objective: Observational studies have suggested an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis. However, these studies are prone to confounding factors and reverse causality. To address these limitations, we conducted a Mendelian randomization study to assess the causal relationship between AS and CVD. Methods: The study population comprises 9,069 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis and 509,093 individuals with either of six common cardiovascular diseases and a related indicator. Causal analysis using summary effect estimates and inverse variance weighting were employed as the main methods.Results: The CAUSE analysis showed no evidence of a causal relationship between AS and CVD. The odds ratios for total CVD, heart failure , myocardial infarction , valvular heart disease , ischemic heart disease , and venous thromboembolism ,Arterial stiffness index ,were as follows: