AUTHOR=Feng Qing , Wu Miaoqiong , Mai Zizhao 

TITLE=Emerging horizons: clinical applications and multifaceted benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors beyond diabetes

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1482918

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2025.1482918

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=SGLT-2 inhibitors, initially developed for type 2 diabetes, demonstrate profound cardiorenal and metabolic benefits. This review synthesizes evidence from clinical trials and mechanistic studies to elucidate their roles in cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Key findings include a notable reduction in cardiovascular death/heart failure hospitalization, a marked decrease in heart failure hospitalization risk, and significant improvements in renal and hepatic outcomes. Emerging mechanisms, such as autophagy induction, ketone utilization, and anti-inflammatory effects, underpin these benefits. Ongoing trials explore their potential in non-diabetic populations, positioning SGLT-2 inhibitors as transformative agents in multisystem disease management.