AUTHOR=Tian Yunfei , Huang Erjia , Zhang Mengdi , Fan Jinzhe , Li Wei , Yang XiaoHui , Su Wei , Deng Xicheng 

TITLE=Case Report: Minimally invasive management of suspected active bleeding from intercostal vessel after axillary thoracotomy ventricular septal defect repair: an application of Foley catheter

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1511221

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2025.1511221

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=The right axillary thoracotomy, an alternative approach for selected open-heart procedures, offers aesthetic advantages. However, intercostal vessel injury is a potential postoperative complication that can lead to major bleeding. Herein, we report a case of postoperative active bleeding from intercostal vessel injury after right axillary thoracotomy for ventricular septal defect repair. Hemorrhage was successfully halted by compressing the suspected bleeding site with a Foley catheter inserted through the chest wall. This case demonstrates a simple management method of active intercostal vascular bleeding after cardiac operation. It may be an appropriate option in selected postoperative patients with a high index of suspicion of intercostal vascular bleeding after operation via a thoracotomy approach.