ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine
Utility of the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in individuals with retinal vein occlusion
Provisionally accepted
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Abstract Purpose: The ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) has recently been identified as a novel lipid marker for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis-related diseases. However, the relationship between NHHR and the risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between NHHR and patients with RVO. Methods: This retrospective study examined 54 patients diagnosed with RVO and 57 age-and gender-matched control subjects. Comprehensive ocular examinations and hematological assessments were conducted for all participants. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association between lipid markers and the risk of RVO. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to analyze and determine the predictive value and optimal threshold of the NHHR, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and other conventional lipid parameters for RVO. Results: Compared to the control group, patients with RVO exhibited significantly higher levels of triglyceride (TG), TyG index, and NHHR (P= 0.0004, P= 0.0006, and P < 0.0001, respectively). Additionally, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) index was significantly lower in the RVO group compared to the control group (P< 0.0001). Univariate analysis indicated that NHHR (OR: 3.41, P< 0.001), TyG index (OR: 3.32, P= 0.001) and TG (OR: 2.64, P= 0.003) were significantly associated with RVO. Multivariate analysis revealed that NHHR was remarkably associated with RVO (OR: 2.09, P = 0.037). After further adjustment for hypertension, TG, and the TyG index, this association remained statistically significant (OR: 3.13, P = 0.003). The areas under the ROC curve for TyG index, TG, HDL-C, and NHHR were 0.679, 0.692, 0.739, and 0.752, respectively. Notably, the AUC value for NHHR demonstrated a moderate sensitivity (50.88%) and high specificity (87.04%), indicating its potential as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of RVO. Conclusion: The NHHR was significantly elevated in patients with RVO, suggesting that this novel lipid marker may play a crucial role in the risk of developing RVO.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Lipid marker, NHHR, Retinal Vein Occlusion, risk factor
Received: 25 Aug 2025; Accepted: 29 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Ji, Xia, Yang, Song, Xing and Yang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Kaibao Ji
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