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        <title>Frontiers in Catalysis | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/catalysis</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Catalysis | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-04-06T18:49:33.746+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2026.1799011</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2026.1799011</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Eco-friendly synthesis of crystalline and amorphous copper-based nanomaterials using Moringa oleifera leaf, seed, and stem bark: a sustainable approach for biological and environmental applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Naveen Jesuraj</author><author>Chidanandamurthy Thippeswamy Swamy</author><author>Baabu Balasubramanian</author><author>Yuganti Bai</author><author>Raghavender Medishetty</author><author>Kousik Ghosh</author><author>Chitra Subramani</author><author>Ajay Kumar Meena</author><author>Vinodkumar Thallada</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGreen synthesis of nanomaterials using plant extracts has gained significant interest. This method replaces toxic reducing and capping agents with natural sources such as plant extracts, microorganisms, algae, fungi, or biomolecules. In this study, copper-based nanomaterials were synthesized using aqueous extracts from various parts of Moringa oleifera, including leaves, seeds, and stem bark.MethodsThe synthesized copper oxide materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared materials were then tested for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) degradation activities.Results and DiscussionStructural characterization via XRD revealed the successful formation of a mixed phase of crystalline cuprous oxide and copper (Cu2O/Cu) along with amorphous copper oxide materials. FT-IR analysis confirms that compounds such as polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and reducing sugars significantly contribute to the synthesis of these copper oxide nanomaterials, supporting their formation. SEM and TEM analysis confirmed the formation of nanomaterials. Additionally, the study measured the concentrations of total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins in various parts of Moringa oleifera to better understand their influence on copper oxide synthesis. Notably, an amorphous copper oxide material derived from Moringa oleifera leaf extract exhibited higher antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and achieved 40% EBT degradation, while the crystalline material showed lower activity. The study discusses these results in detail, correlating the activity with the characterization studies.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2026.1778429</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2026.1778429</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Methyl-coenzyme M reductase in archaeal methanogenesis: evolution, mechanism, and biotechnological perspectives]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Alberto Vázquez-Salazar</author><author>Ricardo Hernández-Morales</author><author>Edgar Mixcoha</author><author>Ricardo Muñiz-Trejo</author><author>Israel Muñoz-Velasco</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Methanogenesis is an anaerobic, energy-conserving metabolism that converts CO2, acetate, and methylated compounds to methane, constituting a key terminal step in the mineralization of organic matter in many oxygen-limited ecosystems. In the modern biosphere, biological methane formation is overwhelmingly dominated by methanogenic archaea. Despite its phylogenetic constraint, this metabolism exerts disproportionate influence on global carbon cycling, radiative forcing, and methane-based energy systems. The defining biochemical signature of methanogenesis is methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), a nickel tetrapyrrole enzyme that catalyzes the final methane-forming step through Ni-F430 chemistry. This cofactor chemistry enables selective C-H bond formation and cleavage under aqueous, physiologically compatible conditions. It can also function in the reverse direction in anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea. This review examines archaeal methanogenesis as a case study in how biochemical constraint and evolutionary diversification jointly shape a single catalytic solution across multiple physiological contexts. We summarize the major routes of methane formation and the bioenergetic architectures that support them. We then evaluate competing scenarios for methanogenesis evolution in light of comparative genomics, geochemical constraints, and the rapidly expanding catalogue of methane-cycling archaea, emphasizing an evolutionary history marked by modular assembly, differential loss, and horizontal transfer rather than a simple pattern of vertical inheritance. Mechanistic sections focus on MCR and related alkyl-coenzyme M reductases, highlighting structural features, cofactor variation, post-translational modification repertoires, and recent advances that illuminate critical steps in Ni-F430 biosynthesis and ATP-dependent activation of the Ni(I) catalytic state. Finally, we discuss implications for biotechnology and catalysis, including selective methane abatement by mechanism-guided inhibition, strategies to enhance anaerobic digestion and biological biogas upgrading, and the use of MCR family enzymes as experimentally tractable platforms for selective anaerobic hydrocarbon transformations and bioinspired catalyst development.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2026.1665232</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2026.1665232</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The phosphorylated tyrosine as a gatekeeper for topoisomerase catalytic activity: a molecular dynamics simulation study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author> Muralidhar</author><author>Rakesh Kumar Tiwari</author><author>Vipin Kumar Mishra</author><author>K. M. Vandana</author><author>Vinayak Pandey</author>
        <description><![CDATA[DNA topoisomerase-IA is an essential enzyme that relaxes supercoiled DNA by introducing transient single-strand breaks through a covalent phosphorylated tyrosine (PTR) intermediate. This cleavage occurs when the active-site tyrosine of dTopo-IA forms a covalent bond with the DNA phosphate backbone, resulting in PTR formation. Although dTopo-IA is believed to mediate strand passage via an enzyme-induced DNA gate, the actual opening of this gate has not been demonstrated experimentally or theoretically. To address this gap, we employed 200-nanosecond (ns) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using AMBER18 to explore the catalytic mechanism and conformational dynamics of dTopo-IA. Important parameters like RMSD, RMSF, the number of hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bond distances, the radius of gyration (RoG), binding free energy, solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), and per-residue pair-wise decomposition energy were analyzed. Our simulations revealed that the bond between PTR and nucleotide acts as a gatekeeper, regulating the opening and closing of the DNA gate critical for strand passage. MD trajectories clearly demonstrate that gate opening and strand passage occur only after the formation of the covalent bond between PTR and the C5′ atom of the DNA strand. Additionally, we investigated how topoisomerase selectively binds single-stranded DNA in the presence of double-stranded DNA to initiate its catalytic function. The enzymatic roles of residues Gln-223, Arg-533, and Lys-117 were also elucidated in the process. This provides a novel and deeper understanding of the enzyme’s mechanism, which has been challenging to capture through experimental techniques alone, and potentially aids the development of targeted anticancer therapies by disrupting DNA replication in cancer cells.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2026.1761691</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2026.1761691</link>
        <title><![CDATA[An in-silico study on transient enzyme diffusion and adsorption within lignocellulosic biomass using a multi-scale model]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Saketh Merugu</author><author>David Shonnard</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Diffusion of hydrolytic enzymes into biomass particles is a potential limiting step, which has yet to be studied in detail separate from intrinsic hydrolysis kinetics. We developed and applied a pore-enzyme diffusion model for both adsorbing and non-adsorbing enzymes and coupled them to reactor-level mass balance equations. With this multi-scale model, the effects of biomass particle porosity, size, and adsorption capacity on the characteristic time of enzyme diffusion and adsorption were predicted over an expected range of these parameters. Using a hydrolysis limiting threshold characteristic time for enzyme diffusion of 6 h, this model mapped the transport parameter space between two distinct zones: diffusion limiting and non-diffusion limiting. The model also predicted a decrease in characteristic time with an increase in the biomass-to-enzyme loading ratio. At the particle level, characteristic time was most strongly affected by firstly adsorption capacity, then particle radius, adsorption affinity, and porosity.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1710435</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1710435</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Kinetic insights into Ag-doped TiO2 photocatalysts for dye degradation: advances in materials driving renewable energy technologies ]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Imad Ud Din</author><author>Laila Saad</author><author>Zia Ur Rehman</author><author>Fazal Suhrab Gul</author><author>Najeeb Ur Rehman</author><author>Fazal Mabood</author><author>Adnan Shahzad</author><author>Penggang Wang</author><author>Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi</author><author>Magdi E. A. Zaki</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionWater pollution, stemming from various sources such as pharmaceuticals waste, pesticides, herbicides, textile dyes, resins, and phenolic compounds, is a significant concern in today’s world. Even small amounts of water pollutants can have detrimental effects on human health and ecosystems. Therefore, proper treatment of industrials wastewater through sewage treatment plants is essential for effective wastewater management.MethodIn this study, undoped TiO2 and silver-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via Sol-Gel method and thoroughly characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-rays (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR).ResultsResults revealed a red shift in the UV-Visible spectrum, with increasing silver percentage (2%–4% weight), and silver doping effectively tuned the band gap from undoped TiO2 from 3.03 eV to 2.47. XRD analysis revealed an average crystallite size range of 8–12 nm. SEM studies demonstrated morphological changes due to doping, while EDX confirmed the elemental composition of the nanoparticles. FT-IR analysis affirmed sample purity and vibrations of the required functional groups.DiscussionThe synthesized nanoparticles exhibited efficient degradation of Malachite Green and Rose Bengal dyes under varied conditions, with 2% weight TiO2 displaying the highest Photodegradation Efficiency (PDE) of 98% for Malachite Green at optimal conditions of 4 mg catalyst concentration, 85 μM dye concentration, and pH 9 and 2 mg catalyst concentration, 10 μM dye concentration, and pH 3 for Rose Bengal. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo first order kinetics with observed rate constant of 0.9438 min-1 for Malachite Green and 0.18118 min-1 for Rose Bengal, supporting the efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis for wastewater treatment. This study underscores the significance of the optimizing degradation parameter for practical applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1721217</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1721217</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Activated carbon sheets from pomegranate peel with ionic liquid for Knoevenagel condensation: synthesis of aryledene and xanthene derivatives]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Dhaneshwar Prasad</author><author>Archana Asatkar</author><author>Swetlana Prerna Ram</author><author>Shripal Singh</author><author>Santosh Kumar Prajapati</author><author>Subhash Banerjee</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionDevelopment of a mild and sustainable protocol for the carbon-carbon bond formation via Knoevenagel condensation is essentially desirable because the products, aryledene derivatives, are useful intermediates and are widely used in the manufacture of fine chemicals, pharmaceutically active molecules, calcium channel blockers, natural products, as well as in the production of flavours and fragrances.MethodActivated carbon sheets were fabricated from pomegranate peels via calcination, activation by KOH and were characterization using Raman spectroscopy, powder XRD, FESEM, FESEM-EDX, and TGA studies. The ionic liquid, [pmIm]Br was synthesized by reacting a 1:1 mixture of N-methyl imidazole and n-pentyl bromide under microwave irradiation.Results and discussionPomegranate peel–derived two-dimensional graphitic activated carbon (PPAC) nanosheets, with lateral dimensions of 40–200 nm and lengths of 4–10 μm, were confirmed through Raman spectroscopy, powder XRD, FESEM, and other studies. The PPAC, combined with the ionic liquid [pmIm]Br, demonstrated remarkable catalytic performance in the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with active methylene compounds, producing the corresponding aryledene derivatives in excellent yields (90%–95%) within 5–20 minutes under mild conditions. Furthermore, the PPAC/[pmIm]Br catalytic system efficiently facilitated the synthesis of xanthene derivatives via a tandem condensation–cyclization pathway. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused over five consecutive cycles with minimal loss of activity. This work highlights a renewable, biomass-derived carbon framework as a dual-function, environmentally friendly catalyst for effective C–C bond formation and heterocycle synthesis, offering a scalable approach aligned with green chemistry and waste valorization principles.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1690697</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1690697</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dry fungus-mediated gold bio-nanocomposite synthesis: an efficient green and sustainable heterogeneous catalyst for selective nitro reduction]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amar G. Deshamukh</author><author>Rajashree Borgohain</author><author>Harishkumar Madhyastha</author><author>Paresh N. Patel</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This dry fungus-reinforced nanoparticle synthesis is the first proficient plan of action to replace the use of hazardous chemical, physical, and other bio-methods. Here, we report the synthesis of gold bio-nanocomposites (GBNCs) via immobilization of dry biomass prepared with conventional and lyophilization methods. Under atmospheric conditions, dried Aspergillus trinidadensis VM ST01′ OL587588 functions as a reducing and capping agent in water without any solvent or buffer interference. The use of dried biomass provides additional benefits for the synthesis of GBNCs, such as short synthesis time (24 h; 36 h with wet biomass) without incubation, better shelf life (more than 18 months), improved catalytic activity, intact morphology, etc. The generated GBNCs were characterized by various analytical techniques and were found to have a roughly spherical shape with a mono-dispersed diameter of approximately 25 nm, as determined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The influence of stirring and biomass concentration on the kinetics was also studied for the GBNC fabrication process. Optimized stoichiometric results have shown 3.5 × 1015 gold atoms per milligram of dried biomass prepared by both methods. The crystalline nature and surface charge of GBNCs were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction and zeta potential studies, respectively. FT-IR studies have shown the participation of various biomass functional groups in forming GBNCs. The surface morphology of GBNCs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. A comparative thermal stability of dried biomass and GBNCs was evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis, with a large difference in residual mass. Here, GBNCs have been shown to be a truly potent heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of nitrobenzene in water using sodium borohydride with yields up to 95% isolation. The industrial suitability of GBNCs has been established with their broad operational pH (4–10) and temperature (25 °C–80 °C) ranges, reusability (more than 10 cycles), storage stability (more than 18 months), and successful scale-up investigations (up to 5 gm).]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1720991</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1720991</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: How to develop a sustainable palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for active ingredient manufacture]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Alan Steven</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1635370</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1635370</link>
        <title><![CDATA[How to develop a sustainable palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for active ingredient manufacture]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Alan Steven</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This Perspective reflects on practices that lead to the development of high turnover cross-coupling catalytic cycles involving palladium. These processes are attractive for the manufacture of agrochemical, human or veterinary active ingredients, and in some respects are more sustainable than alternatives that use base metals at much higher loadings. The practices are structured in terms of important elements of the workflow for developing a cross-coupling for commercialization, and are discussed using the key metrics that drive catalytic efficiency and sustainability. Realistic opportunities and challenges for metal recovery and reuse are also among the messages discussed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1657848</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1657848</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Experimental study of operating parameters in zero-gap CO2 electrolysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Siyu Zhong</author><author>Ilyes Ait Aissa</author><author>Gen Huang</author><author>Peter Holtappels</author><author>Sijia Liu</author><author>Roland Dittmeyer</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Electrochemical CO2 reduction represents a promising approach for mitigating carbon emissions while generating value-added fuels and chemicals. While catalyst design mainly dictates activity and product selectivity, system-level performance is strongly influenced by the interplay between electrolyzer configuration and operating parameters. In this study, a zero-gap membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer incorporating a cation exchange membrane is systematically investigated under practical considerations. The applicable operating window is successfully extended to elevated temperatures and pressures, demonstrating robust practicality and efficient conversion. Comprehensive evaluation of cell voltage, Faradaic efficiency, and energy efficiency reveals that a balanced combination of catalyst loading, electrolyte concentration, and flow rate enables high CO selectivity (>90%) and energy efficiency exceeding 40% at moderate current density (100 mA/cm2). By integrating multiple operational parameters, this work advances the application of cation exchange membrane based CO2 electrolysis and offers practical insights for bridging laboratory research and scalable implementation.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1655324</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2025.1655324</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Ag-Fe2O3 nanohybrids for photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activity]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Asaad AlZubaidi</author><author>Vikram Pandit</author><author>Vivekanand Jawale</author><author>Madhu Gupta</author><author>Dattatray Late</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study presents the synthesis and characterization of AgxFe2-xO3 nanoparticles as highly efficient photocatalysts and excellent antimicrobial agents. AgxFe2-xO3 nanoparticle synthesis was carried out through the sol–gel auto-combustion method. It was extensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), which confirmed the formation of crystalline α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a crystallite size of 22.23 nm. Ag-doped Fe2O3 has an average crystallite size of 23.08 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provided insights about metal oxide bond formation and constant force for octahedral and tetrahedral sites, which suggest the location of the cation and anion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed rhombohedral Ag-doped Fe2O3 nanomaterials with a uniform particle size around 20–50 nm, which matches the XRD results. UV–vis spectroscopy shows absorption shifting toward visible light for the AgxFe2-xO3 compared to pristine Fe2O3, indicating the utilization of the maximum light spectrum for efficient light harvesting in the visible region. AgxFe2-xO3 exhibited excellent stability and reusability for visible-light-driven photocatalytic dye degradation with a rate constant of 1.27 × 10−2 min−1, which is two-fold more than that of the pristine Fe2O3 (0.51 × 10−2 min−1). AgxFe2-xO3 was also found to be more efficient in inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis with a 16 mm zone of inhibition.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1470616</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1470616</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Challenges and perspectives in using unspecific peroxygenases for organic synthesis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-10-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yawen Huang</author><author>Jiangtao Sha</author><author>Jie Zhang</author><author>Wuyuan Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In the past 20 years, unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) have emerged as promising biocatalysts for various organic transformations. Particularly, we have witnessed great attention being paid to the screening of new enzymes and expansion of the substrates/products. However, challenges such as enzyme stability, low turnover numbers, and substrate specificity hinder their widespread utilization in practical organic synthesis. This review article provides a concrete and mini-overview of the challenges associated with using UPOs in organic synthesis and discusses strategies for enzyme engineering to overcome these limitations. The article highlights recent advancements in UPO research and presents potential solutions to enhance their catalytic efficiency, stability, substrate specificity, and regioselectivity. Additionally, the review outlines the current methodologies employed for directed evolution and protein engineering of UPOs, along with computational modeling approaches for rational enzyme design. By addressing the challenges and exploring avenues for enzyme engineering, this review aims to shed light on the prospects of UPOs in organic synthesis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1466176</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1466176</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Exploiting the power of biocatalysis: accessing optimized natural products analogues]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-08-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Mohamed Nagia</author><author>Mohammed N. A. Khalil</author><author>Islam El-Awaad</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1353746</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1353746</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Combined anodic and cathodic peroxide production in an undivided carbonate/bicarbonate electrolyte with 144% combined current efficiency]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-05-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tobias Schanz</author><author>Markus Stöckl</author><author>Bastien O. Burek</author><author>Dirk Holtmann</author><author>Jonathan Z. Bloh</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In recent years, the electrochemical synthesis of peroxides has attracted renewed interest as a potential environmentally friendly production compared to the established anthraquinone process. In addition, it is possible to produce the peroxides directly on site, eliminating the need for expensive and hazardous transportation and storage. Cathodic production of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen is already quite well developed. Anodic production from water, on the other hand, is still facing significant challenges, despite its historic pioneering role. In this manuscript we show that anodic and cathodic synthesis of peroxides can even be combined to achieve greater than 100% current efficiency (CE) due to the combined effect of both half-reactions. So far, similar devices have always employed different electrolytes for each, which necessitated the use of a membrane and posed contamination risk. However, herein we show that both half-reactions can also employ the same electrolyte. This enables even an undivided cell, omitting the need for the expensive membranes. Despite its simplicity, this setup yielded an outstanding performance with a combined CE of 144%.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1360129</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1360129</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Adapting an acyl CoA ligase from Metallosphaera sedula for lactam formation by structure-guided protein engineering]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nikolas Capra</author><author>Chloé Lelièvre</author><author>Océane Touré</author><author>Aurélie Fossey-Jouenne</author><author>Carine Vergne-Vaxelaire</author><author>Dick B. Janssen</author><author>Andy-Mark W. H. Thunnissen</author><author>Anne Zaparucha</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The CoA ligase from Metallosphaera sedula (MsACL) can be used for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids. In this CoA-independent conversion, the enzyme catalyzes the adenylation of a carboxylic acid with the help of ATP, followed by the uncatalyzed cleavage of acyl-AMP by a nucleophilic amine to yield an amide. With ω-amino acids as substrates this reaction may result in formation of lactams, but unfortunately the substrate preference of the wild-type enzyme is rather limited. To allow structure-based protein engineering and expand the substrate scope of the enzyme, crystal structures of MsACL were solved in the thioesterification conformational state with AMP, CoA and with the reaction intermediate acetyl-AMP bound in the active site. Using substrate docking and by comparing the crystals structures and sequence of MsACL to those of related CoA ligases, mutations were predicted which increase the affinity in the carboxylic acid binding pocket for ω-amino acids. The resulting mutations transformed a non-active enzyme into an active enzyme for ε-caprolactam synthesis, highlighting the potential of the thermophilic CoA ligase for this synthetic and biotechnologically relevant reaction.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1360702</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1360702</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Novel concepts for the biocatalytic synthesis of second-generation biodiesel]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-02-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Androniki Spanou</author><author>Alexandra Moschona</author><author>Eleni Theodosiou</author><author>Sotiris I. Patsios</author><author>Ioannis V. Pavlidis</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Biodiesel is synthesized by the transesterification of triglycerides of oils with short-chain alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol. According to the Renewable Energy Directive guidelines (RED II 2018/2001/EU) the contribution of advanced biofuels, which do not include edible oils, towards the overall EU target, is at 1% in 2025 and at least 3.5% in 2030. Bioprocesses that valorize non-edible oils for the production of second-generation biodiesel could play a critical role in achieving this goal. Immobilized lipases, as well as other enzyme classes, such as cutinases and acyltransferases, are utilized as biocatalysts for this process. For the sustainability of the process, renewable materials can be used as immobilization matrices, or even enzymes anchored on the cells as whole-cell biocatalysts. Membrane reactors can also be employed to facilitate the enzymatic transesterification by conducting a continuous enzymatic reaction and simultaneously separate the products in a single operation. The advances on the aforementioned fast-pacing fields are presented in this work.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1323322</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2024.1323322</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Parallel paired electrolysis of green oxidizing agents by the combination of a gas diffusion cathode and boron-doped diamond anode]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-02-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Christin M. Hamm</author><author>Selina Schneider</author><author>Stefanie Hild</author><author>Rieke Neuber</author><author>Thorsten Matthée</author><author>Jens Krümberg</author><author>Markus Stöckl</author><author>Klaus-Michael Mangold</author><author>Jürgen Kintrup</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The generation of “green” oxidizing agents by electrochemical synthesis opens the field for sustainable, on-demand, and on-site production, which is often based on non-critical starting materials. In this study, electrosyntheses were carried out on different cathode and anode materials. In half-cell experiments, the cathodic synthesis of peracetic acid (PAA) was investigated on gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), reaching 22.6 mmol L−1 of PAA with a current efficiency (CE) of 7.4%. Moreover, peroxodicarbonate (PODIC®) was produced anodically on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes with concentrations as high as 42.7 mmol L−1 PODIC® and a CE of 30.3%. Both cathodic and anodic processes were individually examined and improved. Finally, the half-cell reactions were combined as a proof of concept in a parallel paired electrolysis cell for the first time to achieve an increased overall CE.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2023.1285074</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2023.1285074</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biocatalytic route scouting and enzyme screening toward the synthesis of α-benzyl L-glutamate]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-01-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Peter J. L. M. Quaedflieg</author><author>Lisanne M. H. Jente</author><author>Monika Müller</author><author>Linda Vermote</author><author>Victor Plesciuc</author><author>Jan-Metske van der Laan</author><author>Lone Nielsen</author><author>Martin Schürmann</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We here report four biocatalytic approaches for the synthesis of the protected amino acid building block α-benzyl L-glutamate. Screenings of these routes to identify active and selective enzymes were conducted, and major hits were confirmed in retest reactions. In the first approach, N-Boc L-glutamic acid is mono-benzylesterified by the protease Alcalase with 81% yield; and in the other three approaches, a biocatalytic γ-selective hydrolysis of α,γ-dibenzyl L-glutamate, a selective amide hydrolysis of α-benzyl L-glutamine, and a selective lactam hydrolysis of alpha-benzyl L-pyroglutamate is performed with up to 71% yield.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2023.1359527</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2023.1359527</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Grand challenges in industrial catalysis: let´s put academia and industry on the same page!]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-01-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Specialty Grand Challenge</category>
        <author>Pablo Domínguez de María</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2023.1275281</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fctls.2023.1275281</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycan-terminated oligo(Leu)x]]></title>
        <pubdate>2024-01-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sarah P. Black</author><author>Melinda Liu</author><author>Cesar Castillo</author><author>Wynne Coradeli</author><author>Filbert Totsingan</author><author>Cody B. Edson</author><author>Sagar D. Khare</author><author>Richard A. Gross</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Introduction: Glycopeptides contain carbohydrate moieties (glycans) covalently attached to the side chain and/or terminal peptide units. Since glycans are present on cell surfaces, these constructs can potentially address a wide array of therapeutic functions. To overcome the deficiencies associated with current synthetic routes to glycopeptides, such as costly processes and toxic reagents, this work aimed to develop versatile environmentally friendly protease-catalyzed peptide synthesis routes to peptides decorated with a glycan at their N-terminus.Methods: “Grafters” were first synthesized that consist of a glycan conjugated directly, or through a spacer, to the amine group of L-Phe-ethyl ester (Phe-OEt). The role of Phe-OEt is to increase the conjugate’s recognition by the protease (papain) catalytic active site. A series of grafters were synthesized with variation of the glycan structure, linkage-chemistry, and presence of an oligo (ethylene glycol) “spacer” of varied length between the glycan and Phe-OEt moiety. High grafter efficiency will result by the successful acceptance of the grafter at the enzymes S1/S2 subsites, formation of an acyl enzyme complex and subsequent conversion to glycan-terminated oligo(Leu)x (x ≥ 1), as opposed to construction of non-glycan N-terminated oligo(Leu)x.Results and discussion: While glycan-Phe-OEt grafters without a spacer between the glycan and Phe-OEt resulted in low grafter efficiency (8.3% ± 2.0%), insertion of a short oligo (ethylene glycol) spacer between the glycan and Phe-OEt moieties (glycan-PEGn-Phe-OEt, n ≥ 3) increased the grafter efficiency by 3-fold–24.5% ± 1.8%. In addition, computational modeling was performed using Rosetta software provided insights on a molecular level of how grafter efficiency is influenced by the PEG spacer length.]]></description>
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