AUTHOR=Theofanopoulou Constantina , Boeckx Cedric 

TITLE=Cognitive phylogenies, the Darwinian logic of descent, and the inadequacy of cladistic thinking

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

VOLUME=Volume 3 - 2015

YEAR=2015

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2015.00064

DOI=10.3389/fcell.2015.00064

ISSN=2296-634X

ABSTRACT=There has been a reappraisal of phylogenetic issues in cognitive science, as reconstructing cognitive phylogenies has been considered a key for unveiling the cognitive novelties that set the stage for what makes humans special. In our opinion, the studies made till now have approached cognitive phylogenies in a non-optimal way, and we wish to both highlight their problems and propose ways to amend this.
The inadequacy of current cognitive phylogenies stems from the influence of the traditional “linear cladograms”, according to which every seemingly new or more sophisticated feature of a cognitive mechanism, viewed as a novelty, is represented as a node on top of the old and shared elements. We claim that this kind of cladograms does not succeed in depicting the complexity with which traits are distributed across species and, furthermore, that the labels of the nodes of these traditional representational systems fail to capture the ‘tinkering’ nature of evolution. 
We argue that if we are to implement cognitive mechanisms in a multi-dimensional perspective, we should decompose them into lower-level, generic functions, which have the additional advantage of being implementable in neural matter, which produces cognition.