AUTHOR=Drobiova Hana , Sindhu Sardar , Ahmad Rasheed , Haddad Dania , Al-Mulla Fahd , Al Madhoun Ashraf 

TITLE=Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells: a concise review of their secretome and prospective clinical applications

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2023.1211217

DOI=10.3389/fcell.2023.1211217

ISSN=2296-634X

ABSTRACT=Accumulating evidence indicates that most primary Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) therapeutic potential is due to their paracrine activity, i.e., their ability to modulate their microenvironment by releasing bioactive molecules and /factors collectively known as secretome. These bioactive molecules and/ factors can either be released directly into the surrounding microenvironment or can be embedded within the membrane-bound extracellular bioactive nano-sized (usually 30-150 nm) messenger particles or vesicles of endosomal origin with specific route of biogenesis, known as the exosomes or carried by relatively larger particles (100 nm-1 μm) formed by outward blebbing of plasma membrane called microvesicles (MVs); exosomes and MVs are collectively known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). These bioactive molecules and/ factors found in secretome are of various types, including cytokines, chemokines, cytoskeletal proteins, integrins, growth factors, angiogenic mediators, hormones, metabolites, 2 This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article and regulatory nucleic acid molecules. As expected, the secretome performs different biological functions, such as immunomodulation, tissue replenishment, cellular homeostasis, besides possessing anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. This review highlights the current advances in research on the WJ-MSCs' secretome /exosome and its prospective clinical applications.