AUTHOR=Zhuo Wenyu , Zhang Mingyang , Tan Jiajia , Gao Yang , Wang Yan , Wang Nana , Ma Jin , Zhang Jiaying , Liu Zhiheng , Lv Haitao , Liu Ying 

TITLE=Lysine lactylation analysis of proteins in the heart of the Kawasaki disease mouse model

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1550220

DOI=10.3389/fcell.2025.1550220

ISSN=2296-634X

ABSTRACT=IntroductionKawasaki disease (KD) is a medium-vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting children under 5 years of age and may involve the coronary arteries.MethodsA mouse KD model was induced by Candida albicans cell wall extracts (CAWS), cardiac tissues were analyzed through integrated lactylomic and proteomic profiling. The lysine lactylation (Kla) results were normalized to the proteomic data.ResultsElevated serum lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were observed in KD patients. Given lactate’s role as a substrate for Kla, this study investigated Kla modifications in KD. Proteomic analysis identified 150 upregulated proteins and 18 downregulated proteins, with 38.1% located in the cytoplasm and significant enrichment in immune-related pathways. After normalization, 41 sites in 37 proteins were found to be upregulated in the Kla data, with no downregulated sites. Approximately 67.57% of the altered proteins were localized in the mitochondria. Bioinformatics analysis indicated alterations in aerobic respiration, energy production and conversion, and key immune- and metabolism-related pathways.DiscussionThis study enhances the understanding of Kla modifications in the development of KD and may inform targeted therapies for its prevention and improved prognosis.