AUTHOR=Yang Dongxin , Deng Zhuofen , Zhou Hai , Zhang Qingshang , Zhang Xibing , Gong Jun 

TITLE=Exosome-mediated dual drug delivery of curcumin and methylene blue for enhanced cognitive function and mechanistic elucidation in Alzheimer’s disease therapy

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1562565

DOI=10.3389/fcell.2025.1562565

ISSN=2296-634X

ABSTRACT=Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by complex pathogenic mechanisms, including the deposition of beta-amyloid protein and hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein. There is currently a lack of effective therapeutic approaches for AD treatment. The aim of this study was to design exosomes (EXO) as a specifically designed carrier able to carry Curcumin (Cur) and Methylene Blue (MB) to improve cognitive function and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Our study results indicated that EXO-Cur+MB inhibited Tau protein phosphorylation by activating the AKT/GSK-3β pathway, while reversing cognitive dysfunction in AD mice by reducing apoptosis induced by okadaic acid (OA). Thus, our results suggested that EXO-Cur+MB would be of potential use for the treatment of AD.