AUTHOR=Hobson Claire Amaris , Vigué Lucile , Magnan Mélanie , Chassaing Benoit , Naimi Sabrine , Gachet Benoit , Claraz Pauline , Storme Thomas , Bonacorsi Stephane , Tenaillon Olivier , Birgy André 

TITLE=A Microbiota-Dependent Response to Anticancer Treatment in an In Vitro Human Microbiota Model: A Pilot Study With Hydroxycarbamide and Daunorubicin

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.886447

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2022.886447

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=Background: Anticancer drug efficacy is linked to gut microbiota’s composition, and there is a dire need to better understand these interactions for personalized medicine. In vitro microbiota models are promising tools for studies requiring controlled and repeatable conditions. We evaluated the impact of two anticancer drugs on human feces in the MiniBioReactor Array (MBRA) in vitro microbiota system. 

Methods: The MBRA is a single stage continuous flow culture model, hosted in an anaerobic chamber. We evaluated the effect of a 5-day treatment with hydroxycarbamide or daunorubicine on fecal bacterial communities of two healthy donors. 16S microbiome profiling allowed analysis of microbial richness, diversity, and taxonomic changes.

Results: In this host-free setting, anticancer drugs diversly affect gut microbiota composition. Daunorubicin was associated with significant change in alpha- and beta-diversity as well as in the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in a donor-dependent manner. The impact of hydroxycarbamide on microbiota composition was not significant. 

Conclusion: We demonstrated, for the first time, the impact of anticancer drugs on human microbiota composition, in a donor- and molecule- dependent manner in an in vitro human microbiota model. We confirm the importance of personalized studies to better predict drug-associated-dysbiosis in vivo, linked to the host response to treatment.