AUTHOR=Kamran Mohd. , Bhattacharjee Rahul , Das Sonali , Mukherjee Sohitri , Ali Nahid 

TITLE=The paradigm of intracellular parasite survival and drug resistance in leishmanial parasite through genome plasticity and epigenetics: Perception and future perspective

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1001973

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2023.1001973

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=Leishmania is an intracellular, zoonotic, kinetoplastid eukaryote with more than 1.2 million cases all over the world. The leishmanial chromosomes are divided into polymorphic chromosomal ends, conserved central domains, and antigen-encoding genes found in telomere-proximal regions. The genome flexibility of chromosomal ends of the leishmanial parasite is known to cause drug resistance and intracellular survival through evasion of host defense mechanism. Therefore, in this current review, we have discussed the plasticity of leishmanial genome organization which is the root cause of drug resistance and parasite survival. Moreover, we have not only elucidated the various causes of such genome plasticity which includes aneuploidy, epigenetic factors, copy number variation (CNV), and post-translation modification (PTM) but also highlighted their impact on drug resistance and parasite survival.