AUTHOR=Zhou Yan , Zhou Shuping , Peng Jun , Min Liang , Chen Qiang , Ke Jiangwei 

TITLE=Bacterial distribution and drug resistance in blood samples of children in Jiangxi Region, 2017–2021

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1163312

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2023.1163312

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=Abstract
Objective to better understand the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria in clinical blood culture specimens from children in Jiangxi in recent years, and to provide a foundation for the prevention and treatment of bloodstream infection diseases in children. Methods The children’s blood culture isolation bacteria and drug resistance of JiangXi bacterial resistance monitoring network hospitals from 2017 to 2021 were statistically analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software. Results From 2017 to 2021, a total of 7977 strains of bacteria were isolated from children’s blood samples, including 2334 strains (29.3%) of gram-negative bacteria and 5643 (70.7%) of gram-positive bacteria. The top three pathogens didn’t change from 2017 to 2021, the first was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (840 strains,36.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (385 strains), Salmonella (283 strains), Acinetobacter baumannii (137 strains), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (109 strains). Among the gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (3424 strains,60.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (679 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (432 strains), Enterococcus sp. (292 strains), and Streptococcus agalactiae (192 strains), Resistance to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 45.9% and 56.0% against third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime / ceftriaxone), and resistance to carbapenems was 4.6% and 20.3%, respectively. Resistance to Salmonella was 15.5% against third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime / ceftriaxone), and resistance to carbapenems was 0%. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to carbapenems at 17.1%（20/117）and 13%（14/108）. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected at 32.7%, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected at 64.3%, and no Staphylococcus bacteria resistant to vancomycin were found. For five years, just four strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium were detected, and one strain linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis were detected. Conclusions Gram positive cocci are the most common clinical pathogens from blood specimens in Jiangxi; there is a slight change in the constituents of the species of pathogens. The isolation rate of common Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter bacteria has decreased but remains high. Antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing bloodstream infection in children must be monitored more closely, and antimicrobial agents must be used with caution.