AUTHOR=Ren Shu-Qi , Ma Yuan , Fu Li-Lan , Hu Kong-Zhen , Liang Hao-Ran , Yu Bin , Tang Gang-Hua 

TITLE=A comparative 18F-FDG and an anti-PD-L1 probe PET/CT imaging of implant-associated Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1182480

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2023.1182480

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=Early and accurate diagnosis of osteomyelitis can improve treatment outcomes. Osteomyelitis caused by infection often leads to increased PD-L1 expression. Nuclear imaging using radiolabeled anti-PD-L1 allows for sensitive and quantitative assessments of PD-L1 expression on a whole-body scale, without invasive procedures. Therefore, we synthesized an anti-PD-L1 probe to detect osteomyelitis lesions early and accurately. This study compared 18F-FDG and an 18F-labeled PD-L1-Binding Peptide probe (18F-PD-L1P) in PET imaging of Implant-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis (IAOM). Compared with 18F-FDG, 18F-PDL1P demonstrated higher ％ID/g ratios (i.e., radioactivity ratios between the infected and non-infected sides) for both post-infected 7-day tibias (P=0.001) and post-infected 21 days (P=0.028). The intensity of 18F-PD-L1P uptake reflected the pathological changes of osteomyelitic bones, which were measured by PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Compared to 18F-FDG, 18F-PDL1P provides earlier and more sensitive detection of osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus.