AUTHOR=Zhang Yujing , Zhang Jiancheng , Yuan Shiying , Shu Huaqing 

TITLE=Contrast-induced encephalopathy and permanent neurological deficit following cerebral angiography: A case report and review of the literature

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2022

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.1070357

DOI=10.3389/fncel.2022.1070357

ISSN=1662-5102

ABSTRACT=Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is an uncommon complication associated with contrast exposure during angiographic procedures that is usually transient but occasionally leads to permanent complications or death. Due to the low incidence of CIE, there are still insufficient reports. This study was to summarize the clinical features of CIE through a case report and systematic review. We summarized and reviewed 127 patients of CIE and we found the total incidence of CIE between female and male has no difference (49.61% and 50.39%, respectively), but the average age in female patients with CIE was older than that of in male patients (62.19 years and 58.77 years, respectively). Interestingly, the incidence of female patients with CIE in the poor prognosis group was significantly higher than that in the good prognosis group (62.50% and 36.51%, respectively), and the average age of these female in poor prognosis group was younger than that in the good prognosis group (61.39 years and 62.82 years, respectively). The contrast medium types were mainly non-ionic (79.69% and 73.02%, respectively) and low-osmolar (54.69% and 71.43%, respectively) in both groups. Importantly, the total contrast media administrated in patients with poor prognosis were greater than that administrated in patients with good prognosis (198.07 ml and 188.60 ml, respectively). In addition, comorbidities in both groups included hypertension (55.91%), diabetes mellitus (20.47%), previous contrast history (15.75%), renal impairment (11.81%), and hyperlipidemia (3.15%). The percentage of patients with cerebral angiography was significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than that in the good prognosis group (37.50% and 9.52%, respectively), whereas the percentage of patients with coronary angiography in both groups had the opposite results (35.94% and 77.78%, respectively). In conclusion, CIE may not always have a benign outcome and can cause permanent deficits. Female gender, younger age, the higher dose of contrast medium, and the procedure of cerebral angiography may be related to the patient’s poor prognosis.