AUTHOR=Brachtendorf Simone , Bornschein Grit , Schmidt Hartmut 

TITLE=Estimates of quantal synaptic parameters in light of more complex vesicle pool models

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 19 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncel.2025.1556360

DOI=10.3389/fncel.2025.1556360

ISSN=1662-5102

ABSTRACT=The subdivision of synaptic vesicles (SVs) into discrete pools is a central concept of synaptic physiology. To better explain specific properties of transmission and plasticity, it was initially suggested that the readily releasable pool (RRP) of SVs is subdivided into two parallel pools that differ in their release probability. More recently, evidence was provided that sequential pools with a single RRP and a series-connected finite-size replenishment pool (RP) inserted between the reserve pool (RSP) and RRP equally well or even better account for most aspects of transmission and plasticity. It was further suggested that a fraction of the presynaptic release sites (N) are initially unoccupied by SVs, with vesicle replenishment occurring rapidly during activity. Furthermore, the number of release sites itself changes with rapid dynamics during activity. Experimentally, it is difficult to obtain insights into the organization of SV pools directly and the interpretation of the data typically requires complex modeling. In this study, we propose a framework that identifies specific signs of the presence of the series-connected RP without complex modeling, using a combination of two experimental electrophysiological standard methods, cumulative analysis (CumAna) and multiple probability fluctuation analysis (MPFA). CumAna uses cumulative EPSC amplitude plots recorded during trains of action potentials and estimates the pool of releasable SVs from the y-intercept (y(0)) of a linear fit to the amplitudes late in the train. MPFA estimates N (NMPFA) from a parabolic fit to a variance–mean plot of EPCS amplitudes recorded under conditions of different release probabilities. We show here, in particular, that if y(0) > NMPFA this is a strong indication for a series-connected RP. This is due to the fact that y(0) reports the sum of RRP and RP. Our analysis further suggests that this result is not affected by unoccupied release sites as such empty sites contribute to both estimates, y(0) and NMPFA. We discuss experimental findings and models in the recent literature in light of our theoretical considerations.