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        <title>Frontiers in Chemical Engineering | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemical-engineering</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Chemical Engineering | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-08-23T09:03:08.913+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1921323</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1921323</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as sustainable feedstock for the bioproduction of n-butanol as an advanced biofuel: current progress and future perspectives]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Hongzhen Luo</author><author>Wenwen Zhang</author><author>Tingting Liu</author><author>Fang Xie</author><author>Rongling Yang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[n-Butanol is a promising advanced biofuel and versatile platform chemical. However, its fermentative production by solventogenic clostridial strains remains economically limited by reliance on costly edible feedstocks of corn and sugarcane. Lignocellulosic biomass provides an abundant, non-food alternative, but its effective conversion necessitates pretreatment which inevitably generates weak acids, furan derivatives, and lignin-derived phenolic compounds. These by-products synergistically inhibit clostridial metabolism by disrupting pH balance, depleting NADH/NADPH, and compromising membrane integrity. To address this bottleneck, this review systematically examines the formation and inhibitory effects of these compounds, and then summarizes the recent strategies of metabolic engineering and co-culture for enhancing the tolerance of strains against various pretreatment-derived inhibitors. In addition, the review traces the progress of pretreatment technologies from conventional acid, alkaline, and physicochemical methods to emerging ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, and compares their influence on butanol fermentation performance. By linking lignocellulose pretreatment, inhibition mechanisms, metabolic engineering, and bioprocess engineering, this review provides a systems-level framework for designing more efficient lignocellulosic butanol pathways. Future research interests are also provided, including predictive modeling to control inhibitor generation, strain improvement for lignin-derived phenolic tolerance, techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment, and integrated lignin valorization, all aimed at advancing economically viable and sustainable biorefinery processes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1883652</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1883652</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Toward predictable hydrochar properties at scale: a critical review of design of experiments-guided machine learning in hydrothermal carbonization]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Faiçal El Ouadrhiri</author><author>Amal Lahkimi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)has emerged as a versatile platform for converting wet biomass into functional carbonaceous solids whose properties can be tuned across energy- and material-relevant applications. Under subcritical aqueous conditions, HTC proceeds through coupled dehydration, decarboxylation, polymerization, and recondensation reactions. These transformations reshape elemental composition, surface chemistry, and microstructure, enabling the production of hydrochars with tunable fixed carbon content, heating value, porosity, and surface functionality. Yet, the complexity of these reaction networks, compounded by feedstock heterogeneity and strongly nonlinear parameter interactions, continues to limit predictive control of hydrochar properties and hampers reproducible, application-driven materials design. In this review, we synthesize and critically assess how design of experiments (DoE) and machine learning (ML) can be combined to move HTC from empirical tuning toward data-informed, property-targeted engineering of hydrochar materials. We show that DoE frameworks enable statistically efficient exploration of multifactorial operating spaces and generate structured datasets that quantify the main effects and interactions of key variables, such as temperature, residence time, solid-to-liquid ratio, pressure, and catalysis. Building on these data, machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural networks, ensemble methods, boosting, and Bayesian approaches, capture high-order nonlinearities beyond classical response surface models and improve the prediction of material-critical outputs, notably mass yield, higher heating value (HHV), fixed carbon, carbon retention, and textural and chemical descriptors linked to adsorption performance and electrochemical relevance. We highlight that the DoE–ML coupling is particularly valuable for multi-objective optimization, where energy densification must be balanced against the retention of functional groups and the development of porosity, depending on whether hydrochars are targeted as solid fuels, adsorbents for water and gas treatment, or precursors for advanced carbon materials. Finally, we discuss the key bottlenecks that currently limit transferability and industrial robustness, including data quality and comparability across studies, the interpretability of predictive models, and the systematic treatment of biomass variability. We also outline methodological directions for developing more reliable hybrid DoE–ML strategies to accelerate rational design of hydrochar materials.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1842789</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1842789</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effect of oxygen pressure during HVOF spraying on the structural-phase state of Zr2CN coatings]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mazhyn Skakov</author><author>Sardor Kambarbekov</author><author>Gulzhaz Uazyrkhanova</author><author>Sherzod Kurbanbekov</author><author>Nurdaulet Shektibayev</author><author>Gulzada Baimbetova</author><author>Alexandr Gradoboev</author><author>Berik Kaldar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the effect of oxygen pressure on the structural-phase state, microstructure, mechanical properties and tribological behavior of Zr(C,N)-based coatings deposited on U8G tool steel by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying. The coatings were produced at oxygen pressures of 4.0 × 105, 4.3 × 105 and 4.5 × 105 Pa, while the spraying distance, propane pressure and air pressure were kept constant. Variation in oxygen pressure was found to affect the relative XRD peak intensities, Rietveld-refined phase fractions, diffraction-line broadening parameters, coating thickness, porosity and tribological response. However, since the coatings exhibited differences in thickness, the interpretation of XRD intensity variations was performed with consideration of possible thickness-related effects and substrate contribution. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement indicated the formation of a multiphase Zr(C,N)-based system containing carbonitride, carbide, nitride, oxide and α-Fe phases. The coating deposited at 4.3 × 105 Pa showed the most favorable combination of Zr(C,N)-type phase retention, reduced oxide fraction, low apparent cross-sectional porosity and relatively uniform microstructure. Williamson–Hall analysis suggested the largest coherent scattering domain size of approximately 82 nm and the lowest microstrain of approximately 0.30% for this condition, although these values should be considered as comparative estimates due to partial overlap of Zr2CN, ZrC and ZrN reflections. SEM/EDS analysis showed that the coating obtained at 4.3 × 105 Pa had the most homogeneous distribution of Zr, C and N and relatively low oxygen content. This coating also exhibited the highest microhardness (1826 ± 38.4 HV0.5), the highest apparent pull-off adhesion strength (18.4 MPa) and the lowest friction coefficient (μ ≈ 0.54 ± 0.01). Quantitative wear assessment according to ASTM G99 showed that this coating had the lowest wear volume and specific wear rate among the investigated samples. SEM examination of wear tracks suggested a correlation between oxygen pressure, coating morphology and wear-track features; however, direct post-wear chemical analysis of the tribofilm would be required to confirm the detailed wear mechanisms. Overall, the results indicate that an oxygen pressure of 4.3 × 105 Pa provides the most balanced coating characteristics under the investigated HVOF conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1895508</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1895508</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sustainable bioconversion of sugarcane bagasse into valorizable riboflavin by Microbacterium proteolyticum BWBTDIPO1, characterization and in-silico mechanistic pathway prediction]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Indrani Paul</author><author>Sneha Kali</author><author>Sonia Saha</author><author>Payal Guha</author><author>Sanjukta Dasgupta</author><author>Gopinath Halder</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Strategic bioconversion of lignocellulosic agro-wastes like sugarcane bagasse (SCB) into high-value Riboflavin is a rarely reported phenomenon. The present study explored a Riboflavin-producing bacterial strain, Microbacterium proteolyticum BWBTDIPO1 (GenBank Acc no.: PQ517523), isolated from the dumping area of Kolkata, West Bengal for its caliber to utilize SCB as a source of carbon and energy for the sustainable bio-production of the valuable nutraceutical under submerged fermentation (SmF) conditions. A strong association of bacterial growth (specific growth rate of μ = 0.325 h-1) with production of Riboflavin (yield of 397 ± 15.8 mgL-1, which amounts to 19.85 ± 2.0 mg per gram of SCB after 78 h) was recorded. Yeast extract peptone mineral salt media (YPMSM) was found to be the most suitable medium for the production. UV-Vis spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with an Rf value of 0.83 confirmed that the metabolite was Riboflavin. The biochemical assays revealed that the strain utilized SCB components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Further confirmation of biomass deconstruction was assessed via FTIR, XRD, and FESEM analysis, where reports ensured successful deconstruction of SCB by the bacterial isolate. To complement the experimental findings, KEGG-based in silico pathway analysis was performed to explore potential metabolic routes associated with lignocellulosic biomass utilization and carbon metabolism. The predicted pathways provide a hypothetical framework for understanding biomass deconstruction and require experimental validation. This is the first report of Riboflavin production from waste SCB via bacterial treatment (M. proteolyticum), indicating the novel nature of the strain and the methodology employed. Valorizable Riboflavin obtained from waste SCB can be a green alternative to chemical Riboflavin synthesis as well as bulk SCB waste management, promoting the concept of microbe-mediated waste-to-wealth conversion, thus contributing to circular bioeconomy.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1880713</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1880713</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Nitric acid oxidation of kerogen in atmospheric and pressurized systems – basis for the Kerox process]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Maria Reinaas</author><author>Kristiina Kaldas</author><author>Kati Muldma</author><author>Birgit Mets</author><author>Jaan Mihkel Uustalu</author><author>Villem Ödner Koern</author><author>Margus Lopp</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Ensuring material supply security requires greater utilization of local resources, including the valorization of oil shale kerogen into value-added chemicals instead of its conventional use for energy production. This study investigated nitric acid (HNO3) oxidation as a direct route for the conversion of kukersite oil shale kerogen into aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (DCAs). Oxidation experiments were conducted under atmospheric and pressurized conditions to evaluate the effects of temperature, reaction time, HNO3 concentration and amount, pressure, and reactor material on DCA yield and product distribution. Elevated pressures (10–15 bar) enabled DCA yields of ∼30% within short reaction times (30–40 min) at 130–140 °C. Temperature and HNO3 concentration were identified as the primary factors governing DCA yield once a sufficient oxidant amount was present. Elevated pressure increased reaction rates through greater availability of reactive species. Reaction conditions influenced product distribution, with harsher conditions promoting the formation of shorter-chain DCAs (C4–C6), while milder conditions favored longer-chain DCAs (C7–C11). High yields were achieved using 30 wt% nitric acid, indicating that higher concentrations provide limited benefit relative to increased oxidant consumption and safety considerations. These findings demonstrate a viable and scalable route for the valorization of kukersite kerogen into chemical intermediates and provide the experimental basis for the development of the Kerox process.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1907198</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1907198</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sustainable synthesis of La0.8Sr0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3-δ catalyst using hibiscus flower extract and its performance evaluation for automotive HC and CO exhaust emission control]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kuldip Patel</author><author>Dattatraya Subhedar</author><author>Femina Patel</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The increasing environmental concerns associated with vehicular emissions have intensified the need for efficient and cost-effective catalysts for automotive catalytic converters. In this study, a sustainable approach is proposed through the development of a non-noble metal perovskite catalyst combined with catalytic converter design optimization. La0.8Sr0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3-δ (LSCF) was synthesized via a green synthesis method using hibiscus flower powder as a natural chelating agent. The synthesized catalyst was wash-coated onto a cordierite ceramic monolith and integrated into an automotive exhaust catalytic converter. The structural and morphological properties of the catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), confirming the formation of a crystalline perovskite structure with uniform elemental distribution. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to evaluate exhaust gas flow behaviour including velocity distribution and pressure characteristics for different inlet diffuser cone angles (8°, 10° and 14°). Among these configurations the 8° diffuser angle demonstrated the most uniform flow distribution and favourable pressure profile. The performance of the developed catalytic converter was experimentally evaluated on a laboratory scale petrol engine under varying operating conditions. The results indicated a significant reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions compared to baseline conditions without a catalytic converter. The enhanced emission reduction is attributed to the synergistic effect of the green synthesized La0.8Sr0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3-δ catalyst and modified converter geometry. This study demonstrates a sustainable and economically viable alternative to conventional noble metal-based catalyst configuration, highlighting the potential of hibiscus-assisted perovskite green catalysts for effective automotive emission control.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1887461</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1887461</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sustainable valorization of grape pomace via cellulose extraction and cultivation of Tetradesmus obliquus: a biorefinery approach]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amanda Fonseca Leitzke</author><author>Diego Serrasol do Amaral</author><author>Raniel Campos Wrege</author><author>Daísa Hakbart Bonemann</author><author>Rosane Lopes Crizel</author><author>Luiza Ribeiro Santana</author><author>Rejane Giacomelli Tavares</author><author>Sibele Borsuk</author><author>Neftali Lenin Villarreal Carreno</author><author>Pio Colepicolo</author><author>Claudio Martin Pereira de Pereira</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGrape pomace is a promising agro-industrial residue with significant potential for sustainable biorefinery applications due to its high content of bioactive compounds and nutrients. This study evaluated its use as a substrate for Tetradesmus obliquus cultivation in photobioreactors and its effects on biomass growth and biochemical composition.MethodsThree photobioreactors were operated using Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM): one supplemented with grape pomace extract obtained by acid hydrolysis (E1), another with grape pomace extract obtained by microwave-assisted ethanol extraction (E2), and a control containing only BBM. Microalgal cultivation was monitored for 30 days by measuring cell density, growth kinetics, and pH. After cultivation, lipid profile, protein content, mineral accumulation, antioxidant activity, and cellulose crystallinity were analyzed.ResultsAll treatments exhibited typical growth kinetics, with an exponential growth phase between days 5 and 10 and maximum cell density on day 26. E2 promoted the highest biomass growth, reaching 1.34 × 107 cells mL−1 and a specific growth rate of 0.083 day−1. In contrast, E1 improved biomass quality by increasing protein content, antioxidant activity, and cellulose crystallinity, while reducing the proportion of saturated fatty acids.DiscussionGrape pomace extracts effectively modulated the growth and metabolism of Tetradesmus obliquus. While E2 favored biomass productivity, E1 enhanced the biochemical characteristics of the biomass, demonstrating the potential of grape pomace as a sustainable substrate for microalgal cultivation and supporting its application in integrated biorefinery processes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1895893</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1895893</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Recent progress of cellulose-based ionogels in processing strategies, functional behavior and flexible applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Muhammad Habib Ur Rehman</author><author>Youjia Yang</author><author>Khizra Rehman Khan</author><author>Jiawei Yang</author><author>Bin Chen</author><author>Jianguo Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Flexible electronics demand high-performance multi-functional materials that integrate mechanical robustness with efficient ionic conductivity. Ionogels exhibit a unique class of flexible materials that provide this combination, but many conventional ionogels suffer from limited sustainability and poor structure tunability. For this reason, cellulose-based ionogels offer a sustainable and versatile platform; however, a clear understanding of cellulose-ionic liquid interactions, processing strategies, and their synergistic role in governing structure formation and emergent functional performance remains insufficiently elucidated. Therefore, this review aims to bridge this gap by integrating recent studies from cellulose-ionic liquid chemistry to network design, structure-property coupling and applications, providing a comprehensive framework of design for cellulose-based ionogels for flexible applications. We systematically discuss the cellulose precursors, ionic media, followed by the dissolution mechanism and regeneration pathways. Subsequently, we highlight network design and its impact on key functional properties, including mechanical strength, thermal stability, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical window. Finally, applications in the field of flexible electronics, their challenges, and future perspectives are discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cellulose-based ionogels for the development of next-generation functional materials with structural and electrochemical performance, while also outlining future perspectives towards scalable fabrication, improved structure-property control and their effective integration into flexible electronic systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1895081</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1895081</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Torrefaction pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse coupled with pelletization for carbonaceous fuel production]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shuolin Deng</author><author>Jing Wang</author><author>Haolin Li</author><author>Bo Yu</author><author>Xianfang Liao</author><author>Zitong Li</author><author>Wenxuan Xu</author><author>Xingwei Yang</author><author>Zhongbin Xu</author><author>Guoqiang Lv</author><author>Wenhui Ma</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Sugarcane bagasse is an abundantly available biomass feedstock which has great potential for biochar carbonaceous fuel production however, the low energy density, high moisture content and low mechanical strength of bagasse and its derived biochar have considerably restricted its economic viability and widespread application. This study proposes a novel approach integrating torrefaction pretreatment of biomass coupled with cold-press pelletization to produce solid carbonaceous fuel with high energy density and mechanical strength. A systematic investigation was conducted to elucidate the regulatory mechanism by which torrefaction temperature governs key fuel properties including char yield, proximate analysis, energy density, higher heating value (HHV), and CO2 gasification reactivity. Moreover, the influence of binder type on pelletization mechanism and mechanical strength was also thoroughly investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that torrefaction temperature is a critical factor governing char yield, heating value, gasification reactivity, and mechanical strength of the resulting char. As the torrefaction temperature increases from 200 °C to 325 °C, the char yield decreases markedly from 76.42 wt.% to 36.42 wt.%, whereas the heating value rises from 18.31 MJ/kg to 24.52 MJ/kg. In contrast, gasification reactivity exhibits a non-monotonic trend—initially increasing and subsequently decreasing with rising temperature. Further investigation reveals a synergistic interaction between binder dosage and torrefaction temperature on mechanical strength: the maximum compressive strength of 8006.16 N is achieved for briquettes prepared with a 5 wt.% binder addition at a torrefaction temperature of 200 °C. Mechanistic analysis of briquette formation indicates that the binder enhances the mechanical strength of sugarcane bagasse-derived char through combined contributions of mechanical interlocking, particle bridging, and intermolecular interactions with char particles. This work provides a theoretical foundation for producing high performance solid carbonaceous fuels from sugarcane bagasse.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1890729</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1890729</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Highly efficient hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived vanillin over CoN/C catalysts with isopropanol]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Siyue Li</author><author>Zhihua Deng</author><author>Yitong Zhang</author><author>Yongzhi Xiong</author><author>Liangliang Zhang</author><author>Changzhou Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[As the richest renewable aromatic biomass in the world, lignin and its catalytic depolymerization products exhibit significant application potential and strategic value in the areas of energy, chemical industry, materials and environmental science. In this work, three catalysts (NiN/C, CoN/C, and CoNiN/C) were prepared using one-pot impregnation-pyrolysis and tested for the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vanillin (VAN) to produce 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP), a valuable chemical intermediate for pharmaceutical or fuel applications. Among the three catalysts, CoN/C exhibited excellent catalytic performance and remarkable stability. Experimental results demonstrated that 30 mg of CoN/C achieved highly efficient conversion of VAN under the optimal reaction conditions (240 °C, 1.5 MPa H2, 15 mL isopropanol, 4 h), affording a VAN conversion of 99.94% and an MMP selectivity of 96.15%. Characterization results further confirm that the CoN/C catalyst exhibited a large surface area, developed mesoporosity, and rich Lewis acid sites. These features work together to promote its catalytic activity and benefit the HDO of VAN. Further density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the CoN/C catalyst exhibits a moderate adsorption energy of −1.04 eV. This work provides a meaningful route to simple, eco-friendly, and highly active metal catalysts, and offers a reference for lignin conversion into high-value chemicals.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1895352</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1895352</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biofunctional hydrogel adsorbents for sustainable downstream dye purification and circular wastewater management]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Subhasis Patra</author><author>Anurag Panda</author><author>Prasenjit Chakraborty</author><author>Aradhana Basu</author><author>Arunava Sengupta</author><author>Gausal Azam Khan</author><author>Jayato Nayak</author><author>Sankha Chakrabortty</author><author>Shirsendu Banerjee</author><author>Suraj K. Tripathy</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAlthough the use of clay–alginate composites and activated clays as adsorbents has been thoroughly examined for the removal of dyes, very few studies have addressed the effect of reactor hydrodynamics on the efficiency of the process. In this research, efforts were made to fill the knowledge gaps by adopting an approach combining batch adsorption tests, fixed-bed column studies, breakthrough modeling, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation in order to create connections between flow characteristics and mass transfer and adsorption kinetics involved in the removal of malachite green (MG) dye using mesoporous AC@SA hydrogel beads.MethodsMesoporous hydrogel beads possessed pore sizes in the range of 3–10 nm and exhibited a negative zeta potential of –8 mV (mean). Batch adsorption tests, fixedbed column studies, breakthrough modeling, and CFD simulations were conducted to evaluate adsorption performance and investigate the influence of reactor hydrodynamics on the adsorption process.ResultsMaximum MG dye removal efficiency was observed to be around 90% in batch adsorption tests at 50 g L−1 adsorbent dose, pH 7, and 150 rpm after about 120–150 min contact time. Column experiments showed an increase in bed height from 6 to 14 cm increased the breakthrough time from about 18 to 32 min, while increasing the influent dye concentration and flow rate reduced breakthrough times. The Thomas model showed excellent agreement with experimental data (R2 ≈ 0.99), with adsorption capacities reaching 21.28 mg g−1 and rate constants ranging from 0.22 to 0.33 ml mg−1 min−1. Further simulations by CFD revealed that a flow rate of 10 ml min−1 would ensure uniformity of velocity, lower turbulence, controlled eddy viscosity, and stable hydrodynamic conditions, hence maximized adsorption.DiscussionSuch an approach ensures not only knowledge from the material level but also at the reactor level concerning adsorption process optimization and scaling up. Additionally, the system has ensured achievement of SDGs 6, 9, and 12 due to the use of environmentally friendly materials and wastewater treatment approaches.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1905247</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1905247</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Escaping the rabbit hole: turning information overload into cumulative knowledge again]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Olimpia Tammaro</author><author>Marta Gallo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Chemical Engineering is increasingly distinguished by its breadth: catalysis, separations, electrochemistry, materials processing, bioprocesses, digitalization, and sustainability are now tightly intertwined. For researchers entering any of these areas, the abundance of papers can be both inspiring and cognitively exhausting. In principle, review articles should reduce this burden by transforming dispersed findings into understanding. In practice, however, many reviews have drifted toward being catalogues of results - useful as bibliographies, but weak as learning tools - because they often under-explain why trends occur, which mechanisms are supported, and what questions remain unanswered. This Perspective argues that the erosion of explanatory synthesis is not merely a stylistic problem; it is a symptom of incentive structures, delegated authorship practices, and a “publish-or-perish” culture that rewards output volume over durable understanding. Keeping in mind the common and fundamental questions typical of chemical engineering, we try to explore the current literature, and we suggest some recommendations to avoid losing oneself in the rabbit hole of data.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1892312</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1892312</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mechanistic evaluation of water removal dynamics in stabilised human urine for circular fertiliser production]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Charles B. Niwagaba</author><author>Anastasija Vasiljev</author><author>Mathias Kasirye</author><author>Andrew Lubuulwa</author><author>Alex Y. Katukiza</author><author>Swaib Semiyaga</author><author>Musa Manga</author><author>Prithvi Simha</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Drying source-separated, stabilised human urine offers a route to produce circular fertilisers with low environmental impact, with potential to reduce dependence on synthetic fertilisers and close nutrient loops. This work examines the behaviour of water during the drying stage of the urine-to-solid fertiliser value chain. Specifically, it evaluated how stabilisation chemistry influences water activity (aw) and moisture transport dynamics. Freshly excreted urine was treated with citric acid, calcium hydroxide, or wood ash, and subjected to controlled isothermal drying at 50 °C, with continuous mass loss data fitted to ten thin-layer drying kinetics models. The Two-term model best described wood ash–stabilised urine (k1 = 8.7 × 10−5 s-1, k2 = 1.2 × 10−4 s-1), suggesting water removal was initially rapid, followed by a slower drying phase. In contrast, water removal in calcium hydroxide- and citric-acid-stabilised urine slowed progressively as drying advanced and was best described by the Page model, with k values of 7.3 × 10−6 and 3.3 × 10−8 s-1, respectively. Peleg isotherm fits revealed a non-linear relationship between aw and moisture content, with water activity declining sharply only after substantial water removal. Fresh and acid-stabilised urine showed Type II-like desorption behaviour, whereas alkalised urine showed Type III-like behaviour, with aw remaining >0.7 even after majority of the water had been removed. Considering water activity thresholds for microbial inhibition reported in the literature, and recent evidence that urine concentration supresses urease activity, we propose a five-fold mass concentration, corresponding to aw <0.6, as a design target for limiting microbial growth and ureolysis in urine concentrating systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1766550</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1766550</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Chaos in granular matter consisting of non-convex particles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Theodor Droschl</author><author>Lukas Maier</author><author>Stefan Radl</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Understanding the behavior of non-convex particles is critical for optimizing industrial powder handling and granular flow systems. Yet, the role of particle geometry on the stacking and interlocking behavior remains poorly understood. Here we systematically investigate shape effects on the stacking behavior of non-convex particles (i.e., dipods and tripods) using Discrete Element Method (DEM)-based simulations under quasi-2D conditions, combined with a subsequent symbolic regression analysis. We identify a dimensionless interlocking parameter (i.e., ξ/D) as the critical metric for the transition to a chaotic behavior. For dipods, this transition occurs at ξ/D≈0.8, and is driven by continuous packing dynamics and fluctuations in local density, as characterized by the Voronoi perimeter. In contrast, tripods exhibit a delayed transition and a reduced degree of chaos, which is governed by a discrete “key-and-lock” interlocking mechanism. This distinction marks a fundamental shift from “packing-dominated” fluid-like caging to an “interlocking-dominated” solid-like behavior as shape complexity increases. Furthermore, we quantify the computational cost associated with the transition to a chaotic behavior: specifically, we demonstrate that while dipods require over 100 simulations to capture the variability inherent to chaos, tripods require significantly fewer. Our findings enable the rational selection of particle shape and the required number of simulation repetitions in case non-convex particles need to be analyzed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1800256</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1800256</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Catalytic sorption-enhanced steam gasification of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) sludge for hydrogen production]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>F. Cuaran-Grajales</author><author>J. Gancedo</author><author>F. Rubiera</author><author>M. V. Gil</author><author>C. Pevida</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Medium-density fiberboard (MDF) sludge is a pasty byproduct of the wood manufacturing industry generated during washing or filtration processes and poses significant environmental challenges. This study investigates the valorization of this material through catalytic sorption-enhanced steam gasification (SESG) in a fixed-bed reactor, integrating catalytic gasification with in situ CO2 capture to produce hydrogen-rich gas. The effects of key operating parameters, including weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) (0.5–2.7 h-1), temperature (600 °C–650 °C), and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio (1.2–14 × stoichiometric), were systematically evaluated. Temperature strongly influenced gasification performance and CO2 capture efficiency, with 650 °C identified as the optimal condition, yielding up to 88.9 vol% H2. Variations in WHSV had a limited effect on hydrogen yield, indicating stable process performance across the investigated range and suggesting the potential to reduce reactor volumes without compromising conversion. H2 yield increased with steam addition, reaching a maximum of 55.4% and an H2 purity of 84.7 vol% at an S/C ratio of 8 × stoichiometric. Further increases in steam resulted in lower efficiency, attributed to reduced CO2 capture due to shorter residence times and dilution effects. While elevated steam demand may introduce energy penalties, the results demonstrate that catalytic SESG is an effective route for hydrogen production from industrial waste. Under the identified optimal conditions (650 °C, S/C = 8 × stoichiometric, WHSV = 0.6 h-1), stable performance was achieved despite the heterogeneous nature of MDF sludge, highlighting its viability as a feedstock for low-carbon hydrogen production.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1837323</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1837323</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Strategies for large-scale deployment of low-emissions hydrogen for CO2 abatement in petrochemical clusters]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tharun Roshan Kumar</author><author>Johanna Beiron</author><author>V. R. Reddy Marthala</author><author>Lars Pettersson</author><author>Simon Harvey</author><author>Henrik Thunman</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Substantial amounts of low-emissions hydrogen are required to enable CO2 emissions reduction and circularity in the petrochemical sector. However, large-scale deployment remains constrained by the persistent cost gap with fossil-derived hydrogen, the limited availability of low-cost renewable electricity and critical infrastructure, as well as the distinct operational constraints of hydrogen production technologies. This work addresses these barriers through technology diversification and integration of hydrogen production technologies. An integrated hydrogen production system is introduced that combines autothermal reforming with carbon capture and storage (ATR-CCS), solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), and ammonia cracking (AC). A modeling framework is developed, centered on a mixed-integer linear programming model with a 1-year hourly resolution to optimize the technology mix and system operation while accounting for site-specific constraints and varying price conditions. The framework is demonstrated through a case study of a steam cracker plant, where integration provides opportunities to reduce hydrogen production costs via exports of displaced fuel gases. The results demonstrate how integrating multiple hydrogen production technologies reduces production costs while enhancing operational flexibility and system redundancy, compared with standalone systems. Scenario analysis highlights the importance of hedging against price uncertainty by deploying comparable or excess capacities across technologies to enable flexible operation. Based on these findings, a stepwise deployment strategy is proposed, outlining the timely implementation of individual technologies aligned with projected emissions allowance prices. The developed framework can be adapted to other clusters to identify cost-optimal, site-specific configurations for various market conditions, and thereby derive robust deployment strategies for scaling up low-emissions hydrogen production.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1855396</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1855396</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Experimental study on injectability and plugging performance of fuzzy-ball fluid in porous media]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ning Sun</author><author>Peng Zhang</author><author>Chao Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Fuzzy-ball fluid has been widely used in the field of petroleum engineering due to its excellent temperature resistance, salt tolerance, low damage, and environmental friendliness. However, its good plugging performance leads to poor injectability. How to balance injectability and plugging performance has become an urgent problem to be solved. The injectability and plugging performance of fuzzy-ball fluid in cores under conditions of different matching factors and different injection rates were studied through core displacement experiments. First, 4 pressure measuring points were arranged on the core holder, and then simulated formation water, fuzzy-ball fluid, and simulated formation water were injected sequentially. During the above three injection processes, the average resistance coefficient and average residual resistance coefficient of each core segment were calculated respectively, so as to evaluate the effects of different matching factors and different injection rates on injectability and plugging performance. The results show that when the average resistance coefficient and average residual resistance coefficient are used as evaluation criteria, the optimal matching factor range is 1.08–4.43, and at this time, the fuzzy-ball fluid exhibits good injection performance and excellent deep plugging capacity. By adjusting the average particle size of fuzzy-ball vesicles, the fuzzy-ball fluid can be matched with formations with a permeability of 500mD–2000mD. The experimental results provide fundamental insights into the injection parameters of fuzzy-ball fluid that may inform future oil displacement and production enhancement studies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1799905</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1799905</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biorefinery potential of paludiculture biomass: composition and fractionation analysis of Phragmites, Phalaris, and Carex]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kora Uellendahl</author><author>Judith Reinwarth</author><author>Merlin Haaf</author><author>Philipp M. Grande</author><author>Holger Klose</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Peatlands store vast global carbon reserves but drainage for agriculture has turned them into major CO2 sources. Full rewetting without alternative production systems would threaten farm incomes and regional value chains. Markets and value chains for biomass from rewetted peatlands are still largely undeveloped, and detailed knowledge of its chemical composition and suitability for integration into existing processing industries is lacking. In this study, we systematically investigated three dominant wetland taxa, Phragmites australis, Phalaris arundinacea, and Carex spp., alongside Miscanthus × giganteus as a benchmark, focusing on their lignocellulosic characterization, lignin structure, and the performance in OrganoCat fractionation. This study aims to provide a detailed compositional characterization of peatland grasses to establish their biomass potential for applications of bio-based value chains. The peatland grasses showed lower cellulose (25%–32% vs. 42%) and in case of Carex and Phalaris also lower lignin contents (18% vs. 24%) compared to Miscanthus. The hemicellulose profiles of Miscanthus and Phragmites were dominated by xylose and arabinose, whereas Carex and Phalaris exhibited more complex mixtures indicative of more highly substituted arabinoxylans or multiple polysaccharide classes. Lignin architecture also varied: lignin–carbohydrate complex (LCC) densities were up to 25% higher in peatland grasses compared to Miscanthus. Phalaris showed more condensed G-rich lignins (20% higher than in Miscanthus) and all peatland grasses showed a reduced S/G-ratio. Carex showed a higher ferulate content contrasting Miscanthus’ less cross-linked structure. It was also demonstrated that the composition of lignin-bound polysaccharides varies substantially among the investigated grasses. Fractionation of the biomasses equilibrated the species-specific diversity of the four grasses, yielding cellulose-rich pulps with comparable composition (55%–65% cellulose) and saccharification efficiencies (>75%). This homogeneity across the processed pulps enables flexible mixed-species peatland biorefineries within multifunctional paludiculture systems prioritizing peat conservation and greenhouse gas mitigation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1802912</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1802912</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Assessment of the impact of water and methanol removal on the kinetics of methanol synthesis over CZA catalysts for sorption-enhanced applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>F. Bihl</author><author>V. Gautier</author><author>S. Thomas</author><author>A.-C. Roger</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Process intensification, particularly for methanol synthesis from CO2, has attracted increasing attention through the development of reactors integrating in situ product removal. Most kinetic models currently available have been developed using data obtained from conventional reactors and were not designed for sorption-enhanced or membrane reactor configurations. Consequently, their applicability under product-depleting conditions remains uncertain, and no kinetic model specifically dedicated to such reactors is currently available. In this work, an experimental study is conducted under conditions of water and/or methanol depletion during methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2. Kinetic models proposed by Graaf et al. (1988) (modified version), Park et al. (2014), Seidel et al. (2018), and Slotboom et al. (2020) are evaluated over a temperature range of 210 °C–270 °C and pressures between 23 and 46 bar. At 33 bar, satisfactory fitting of kinetic and sorption parameters is achieved for all models. Upon variation of pressure, the Graaf, Seidel, and Slotboom models retain good predictive capabilities, demonstrating their potential applicability for modeling methanol synthesis under product removal conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1801053</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2026.1801053</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study of landfill site suitability and sensitivity analysis using GIS-FAHP for solid waste management: a case study in Ranchi, India]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Aanchal Susheen</author><author>Asish Bisai</author><author>Madhumita Patel</author><author>Sukha Ranjan Samadder</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGlobally, urbanising cities are generating increasing amounts of municipal solid waste. Despite recycling and energy recovery being more sustainable waste management practices, landfilling remains the preferred disposal method. This requires scientific and environmentally conscious approaches to identify landfills.MethodologyThis study addresses this necessity by developing a GIS-MCDM framework with sensitivity analysis to identify potential landfills in Ranchi with an operational life of 20 years. GIS was employed to generate maps and buffer zones for the 11 criteria. Buckley’s geometric mean FAHP method was employed to derive weights for 11 criteria using a pairwise comparison matrix and fuzzy triangular scales. Simultaneously, population growth was predicted using the geometric increase method, enabling the calculation of the minimum landfill area. A landfill suitability map was produced by overlaying the maps with the derived weights.ResultAccording to the findings, 1.6% of the research area was unsuitable for landfilling, followed by 25.5% less suitable, 70% moderately suitable, and 3% most suitable, identifying 614 most suitable sites. For a landfill lifetime of 20 years, the minimum area was found to be 27 ha, and the number of most suitable sites was reduced to 191, of which 35 sites lay between 20 km and 25 km from Ranchi airport. Finally, based on land-use suitability, 4 sites were identified as potential landfill sites. Model output validation was performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, selecting 70 points across various locations in the district. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.91, validating the spatial results. The sensitivity analysis revealed that distance from settlement was most sensitive to changes in the suitability class of cells in the evaluation map.DiscussionThis research provides a holistic framework for sustainable landfill site selection that policymakers and researchers can replicate to ensure environmentally sound waste management.]]></description>
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