AUTHOR=Zhang Liping , Gonçalves Alexandre A. S. , Jaroniec Mietek 

TITLE=Synthesis of nanoporous carbonaceous materials at lower temperatures

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Chemistry

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/articles/10.3389/fchem.2023.1277826

DOI=10.3389/fchem.2023.1277826

ISSN=2296-2646

ABSTRACT=Nanoporous carbonaceous materials are ideal ingredients in various industrial products due to their large specific surface area. They are typically prepared by post-synthesis activation and templating methods. Both methods require the input of large amounts of energy to sustain thermal treatment at high temperatures (typically > 600 ℃), which is clearly in violation of the green-chemistry principles. To avoid this issue, other strategies have been developed for the synthesis of carbonaceous materials at lower temperatures (< 600 ℃). This mini review is focused on three strategies suitable for processing carbons at lower temperatures, namely hydrothermal carbonization, in situ hard templating method, and mechanically-induced self-sustaining reaction. Typical procedures of these strategies are demonstrated by using recently reported examples. At the end, some problems associated with the strategies and potential solutions are discussed.