AUTHOR=Zhang Xue’e , Zhou Wuchao , Xi Weihong 

TITLE=Advancements in incorporating metal ions onto the surface of biomedical titanium and its alloys via micro-arc oxidation: a research review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Chemistry

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/articles/10.3389/fchem.2024.1353950

DOI=10.3389/fchem.2024.1353950

ISSN=2296-2646

ABSTRACT=The incorporation of biologically active metallic elements into nano/micron-scale coatings through micro-arc oxidation (MAO) shows significant potential in enhancing the biological characteristics and functionality of titanium-based materials. By introducing diverse metal ions onto titanium implant surfaces, not only can their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and corrosion resistance properties be heightened, but it also promotes vascular growth and facilitates the formation of new bone tissue. This review provides a thorough examination of recent advancements in this field, covering the characteristics of commonly used metal ions and their associated preparation parameters. It also highlights the diverse applications of specific metal ions in enhancing osteogenesis, angiogenesis, antibacterial efficacy, anti-inflammatory and corrosion resistance properties of titanium implants. Furthermore, the review discusses challenges faced and future prospects in this promising area of research. In conclusion, the synergistic approach of micro-arc oxidation and metal ion doping demonstrates substantial promise in advancing the effectiveness of biomedical titanium and its alloys, promising improved outcomes in medical implant applications. Nonetheless, the absence of bioactivity and osteoinductive properties on the surface of titanium implants can impact their osseointegration. In recent years, the fabrication of nano/micron coatings on the surface of titanium and its alloys has gained recognition as a means to enhance their biological attributes and boost their biological activity (van Hengel et al., 2021;Williams, 2022;Kuroda et al., 2023) . Various techniques can be employed for creating these coatings, including hydrothermal treatment, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel methods, plasma immersion ion implantation, selective laser melting, plasma spraying, magnetron sputtering, and micro-arc oxidation (MAO) (Gu et