CORRECTION article

Front. Chem., 27 August 2026

Sec. Chemical Biology

Volume 14 - 2026 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1960735

Correction: Green-synthesized rhein-selenium nanoparticles exhibit potent and highly selective anticancer activity against colon cancer via apoptosis and gene regulation

  • 1. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

  • 2. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection, and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

  • 3. Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

  • 4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

  • 5. Genetic Resources Department, Biochemistry Unit, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

  • 6. Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Campus, Giza, Egypt

  • 7. Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt

There was a mistake in the caption of Figure 3 as published. There were missing values. The corrected caption appears below.

FIGURE 3 | Comprehensive characterization of Rhein-mediated selenium nanoparticles (Rhein-SeNPs). (A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showing spherical nanoparticles with uniform distribution and an average diameter of 32 ± 5 nm. (B) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirming the nanoscale height profile and surface morphology. (C) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicating an average hydrodynamic size of 90.4 nm with a narrow size distribution. (D) Zeta potential measurement showing a surface charge of −31.1 mV, suggesting good colloidal stability. (E) X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirming the crystalline/semi-crystalline nature of the synthesized SeNPs.

The two mentions of XPS were inadvertent errors.

A correction has been made to section 1 Introduction, paragraph 7. The corrected sentence reads:

“Our formulation advances the field through four distinct innovations: first, employing pure, NMR-characterized rhein rather than crude extracts; and second, ensuring reproducible synthesis and defined molecular interactions, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy.”

A correction has been made to section 3 Results, “3.1 Characterization of rhein and Rh-Se-NPs,” paragraph 16. The corrected sentence reads:

“These STEM-EDX findings provide spatial confirmation of core-shell architecture with selenium core and rhein organic shell, validating the proposed nanoparticle structure and complementing the FTIR surface characterization.”

The value 104 was incorrectly displayed as 10^4, and the words “from soybean, chickpea, and lupin” were erroneously included. A correction has been made to section 2 Materials and methods, “2.7 In vitro cytotoxicity”, 2.7.2 MTT-assay, paragraph 1. The corrected sentence reads:

“Cells 1.0 × 104 were seeded in 96-well plates for 24 h, then treated with Rhein or Rhein-NPs (150 μL/well) at concentrations of 800 to 25 μg/mL; controls received PBS.”

Statements

Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Summary

Keywords

apoptosis induction, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, colon cancer therapy, gene expression modulation, green synthesis, oncogene suppression, rhein-selenium nanoparticles

Citation

Abd El-Halim MD, Osman A, Ibrahim MA, El-Azab MM, El-Saber MM, Ismail SH, Roshdy T, Sitohy M and Sitohy B (2026) Correction: Green-synthesized rhein-selenium nanoparticles exhibit potent and highly selective anticancer activity against colon cancer via apoptosis and gene regulation. Front. Chem. 14:1960735. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2026.1960735

Received

06 August 2026

Accepted

11 August 2026

Published

27 August 2026

Volume

14 - 2026

Edited and reviewed by

Marta De Zotti, University of Padua, Italy

Updates

Copyright

*Correspondence: Basel Sitohy,

Disclaimer

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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