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        <title>Frontiers in Chemistry | Nanoscience section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/sections/nanoscience</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Nanoscience section in the Frontiers in Chemistry journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-05-12T12:23:36.433+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1845768</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1845768</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cerium-based nanozymes for chemodynamic therapy: tumor microenvironment-responsive mechanisms and applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yuan Lu</author><author>Yamin Wu</author><author>Ke Wen</author><author>Zhenzhen Wei</author><author>Lu Huang</author><author>Mengyao Zhang</author><author>Xuetao Huang</author><author>Qian Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Cerium-based nanozymes (CeNZs) are a class of nanomaterials possessing enzyme-like catalytic activities. Their unique Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pair and multi-enzyme mimicking activities make them highly advantageous for tumor chemodynamic therapy (CDT). This review systematically summarizes recent research progress in the application of CeNZs for tumor CDT. It focuses on their multi-enzyme catalytic mechanisms and the intelligent regulation of their catalytic behavior by the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, it elaborates on various CeNZ-based CDT strategies, including single-modality CDT, self-supplying CDT, and combination therapies integrated with photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy. Finally, the challenges and future directions for the clinical translation of CeNZs are discussed, focusing on precise design, biosafety, and efficacy evaluation. As high-performance and tunable nanocatalytic platforms, CeNZs hold broad prospects for developing efficient and low-toxicity tumor treatment strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1794622</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1794622</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Precision intervention based on infection site: strategies and advances of magnetic nanomaterials in bacterial therapy]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Guangxin Zhang</author><author>Peiyi Liang</author><author>Xiying Fu</author><author>Yicun Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Bacterial infections, especially those involving drug-resistant pathogens and biofilms, pose a severe global health threat. Conventional antibiotic therapies are limited by poor penetration, low specificity, and bacterial resistance mechanisms. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer a promising alternative by combining magnetically guided targeting, magnetothermal/photothermal effects, multifunctional drug delivery, and imaging capabilities. Their antibacterial efficacy depends critically on the anatomical and pathological features of the infection site. For skin and superficial infections, near-infrared (NIR) light, particularly in the second biological window (NIR-II), enables synergistic photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic therapies. For deep soft tissue and bone infections, alternating magnetic fields (AMF) provide deep-penetrating magnetothermal activation or targeted enrichment, often combined with image-guided intervention. For cavity organ and implant-related infections, surface functionalization, local drug delivery, and endoscopic energy application allow precise interfacial intervention. This review systematically discusses MNP-based strategies tailored to different infection sites, integrating advances in material design, synergistic mechanisms, and preclinical progress. It also addresses challenges in multifunctional integration, biosafety, and clinical translation, and outlines future directions toward intelligent, theranostic, and synergistic antibacterial platforms.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1778233</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1778233</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Boosting the OER performance of NiFe2O4 through Cr and Mn doping via hydrothermal synthesis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Davide Vendrame</author><author>Soufiane Boudjelida</author><author>Enrico Negro</author><author>Paolo Dolcet</author><author>Vito Di Noto</author><author>Silvia Gross</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The growing demand for green hydrogen requires efficient, cost-effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a process currently hindered by sluggish kinetics. This study explores the optimisation of the spinel oxide NiFe2O4 through the partial Fe substitution with Cr and Mn, synthesised via a subcritical hydrothermal method, as an alternative to the standard Pt-group metals (PGM)-based electrocatalysts for the OER in alkaline environment. The work aims to establish a direct correlation between the chemical nature of the dopant, the resulting physicochemical properties, and the electrocatalytic performance. Detailed structural and surface characterisation, including XRD, TEM, and XPS, revealed distinct behaviours for the two dopants. Cr incorporation successfully produced phase-pure spinel nanoparticles with significantly reduced crystallite sizes and very high specific surface area (up to 226 m2/g). In contrast, high Mn substitution led to the formation of secondary phases (Ni(OH)2) and nanoscale inhomogeneity, which persisted even after calcination, suggesting an incomplete inclusion of the three different metals in the same spinel lattice. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated that the nature of the dopant strongly influences OER activity. While Mn-doped samples showed higher apparent activity than pristine NiFe2O4, this improvement was attributed solely to an increased number of active sites (surface area) rather than improved intrinsic kinetics. Conversely, the Cr-substituted sample NiFeCrO4 exhibited superior performance, surprisingly matching the OER performances of the benchmark IrOX. This outstanding activity was ascribed to a synergistic effect: the material combines a high specific surface area with enhanced intrinsic kinetics, driven by an optimal composition rich in Cr3+ which is hypothesised to modulate the overall eg occupation to a favourable value for promoting the OER.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1809650</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1809650</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Metal-organic frameworks-mediated reactive oxygen species modulation in the tumor microenvironment of digestive system malignancies: latest advances]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Wei Liu</author><author>Chengxin Liu</author><author>Meng Wu</author><author>Siwen Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Digestive system malignancies, such as gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), have become a major global challenge in cancer therapy. These tumors are characterized by high morbidity, strong metastatic potential, and significant chemoresistance, thus posing a severe threat to human digestive health. One of the primary mechanisms underlying the malignant progression of tumors and the development of drug-resistant phenotypes is the imbalance of redox homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Its dysregulation is strongly associated with the increased proliferation and invasive potential of tumor cells. As key regulatory molecules in the redox network of the TME, reactive oxygen species (ROS) render precise modulation of their levels a promising strategy for cancer therapy. This approach can not only effectively induce programmed cell death in tumor cells but also reverse the immunosuppressive state of the TME, thus offering novel therapeutic targets for anti-tumor treatment. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are closely associated with metal-based nanomaterials, acting as their excellent precursors and enabling precise modulation of their structures and properties through hybridization. The demand for the precise regulation of ROS in the TME of digestive system malignancies is perfectly met by MOFs, which have emerged as a highly promising nanoplatform for this research field. MOFs have unique advantages such as precisely designable architectures, abundant metallic catalytic active sites, TME-responsive degradation, and high drug loading capacity. This review elucidates the mechanisms underlying MOF-mediated ROS modulation in the TME and highlights its applications in various digestive system malignancies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1774851</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1774851</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Gazania rigens (L.) gaertn leaf extract-inspired innovative synthesis of silver nanoparticles and promising applications as antibacterial and cytotoxic agents]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Afrah E. Mohammed</author><author>Reham M. Aldahasi</author><author>Hessa O. Aldraiwiesh</author><author>Ishrat Rahman</author><author>Munirah M. Alhammadi</author><author>Najah Albadari</author><author>Mohammed Khaled Bin Break</author><author>Sahar S. Alghamdi</author><author>Kawther Aabed</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSilver nanoparticles are potent nanomaterials with significant applications in combating microbial infections and cancer. In this study, the extract of Gazania rigens var. uniflora was evaluated as a biogenic agent for the synthesis (G-AgNPs), and their biological activity was systematically assessed. Additionally, association of the antibiotic ampicillin and biogenic silver nanoparticles was developed to explore potential additive antibacterial effects, which has not been previously reported for this species.MethodsSilver nanoparticles were synthesized using a combination of the plant leaf extract and silver nitrate solution. Several characterization techniques, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron Microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, were employed to analyze the synthesized nanoparticles.ResultsDLS results indicated the presence of spherical, monodispersed nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 135.4 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.223, while TEM revealed sizes ranging from 14 to 44 nm. FTIR and EDX analyses confirmed the presence of phytochemical capping agents and elemental silver, supporting successful green synthesis. Both biogenic silver nanoparticles and ampicillin-associated G-AgNPs demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Escherichia coli, with the ampicillin-associated G-AgNPs exhibiting a partial additive effect. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that G-AgNPs exerted significantly higher toxicity toward the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 compared to non-cancerous breast epithelial cells.DiscussionOverall, this work distinguishes itself by integrating detailed physicochemical characterization with both antibacterial and anticancer evaluations, as well as by examining antibiotic-associated G-AgNPs synthesized using G. rigens. These findings support the potential biomedical relevance of G. rigens-derived AgNPs and justify further mechanistic and in vivo investigations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1798045</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1798045</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Exploration of covalent-organic frameworks and metal-organic frameworks for drug delivery applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yuhao Sheng</author><author>Kunfang Ma</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been a promising carrier for drug delivery because of excellent biocompatibility, developed porous structure and sufficient interactions of host-guest molecules. This paper mainly reviews latest research progress of COFs and MOFs including their synthesis approaches and applications in drug delivery. Specifically, COFs as drug carriers in chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, synergistic therapy, anti-bacteria, and anti-inflammatory were systematically presented. MOFs in pharmaceutical drug delivery, controlled-release drug delivery, stimulus response and targeted drug delivery systems are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of COFs and MOFs in synthesis and drug delivery performances was systematically compared. The future development trends of COFs and MOFs for drug delivery applications are discussed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1772161</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1772161</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Next-generation nanomaterials for environmental remediation: smart design, hybrid materials and sustainable use]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Hina Singh</author><author>A. S Dhanu</author><author>Abhayraj S. Joshi</author><author>Ivan Mijakovic</author><author>Priyanka Singh</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Environmental contamination has increased steadily over recent decades due to industrialization, urban expansion, intensive agriculture, and improper waste management. As a result, a wide range of pollutants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), microplastics, pharmaceutical residues, endocrine-disrupting compounds, and heavy metals are now frequently detected in water, soil, and sediment systems worldwide. Many of these contaminants are chemically stable, persist for long periods in the environment, and can accumulate in living organisms, posing significant toxicological and ecological risks and making their removal particularly challenging. Engineered nanomaterials have emerged as promising tools for pollutant removal because of their tunable surface chemistry, and ability to interact with contaminants through multiple mechanisms. This review examines recent advances in eco-engineered nanomaterials for environmental remediation, with particular attention to green strategies, major material classes and their underlying removal mechanisms. Across the studies discussed, adsorption-based and hybrid systems frequently report high removal efficiencies for metals and dyes under controlled conditions, while framework-based materials show improved selectivity toward persistent pollutants (including PFAS) through combined electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Photocatalytic and redox-active systems are highlighted for accelerating the degradation of recalcitrant organics through reactive oxygen species–mediated pathways. Recoverable designs, including magnetic and scaffold-immobilized composites, are also emphasized because they are often reported to retain substantial performance over multiple reuse cycles. Sustainability and deployment challenges are also discussed, including life-cycle assessment, material reuse, environmental fate, toxicity risks, and data-driven strategies for design and optimization.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1689849</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1689849</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Performance enhancement of polysiloxane-based nanocomposite TENGs through optimized MWCNT concentration]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Talia Tene</author><author>Orkhan Gulahmadov</author><author>Lala Gahramanli</author><author>Mustafa Muradov</author><author>Nahida Musayeva</author><author>Stefano Bellucci</author><author>Christos Trapalis</author><author>Gabriela Tubon-Usca</author><author>Carlos Ramiro Peñafiel-Ojeda</author><author>Cristian Vacacela Gomez</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThis study examines the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) loading on the dielectric behavior and triboelectric performance of polysiloxane (PS)-based nanocomposites for high-efficiency triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs).MethodsFlexible PS/MWCNT films were fabricated using the doctor blading method and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was employed to analyze frequency-dependent permittivity, interfacial polarization, and dielectric loss. TENGs were assembled in a vertical contact–separation mode using nylon as the positive triboelectric layer and evaluated under controlled temperature and humidity. Statistical error analysis (n = 3) was applied to ensure quantitative reliability.ResultsA co-optimal MWCNT concentration of 0.03–0.05 wt% enhanced dielectric permittivity and interfacial charge trapping, improving triboelectric output while keeping conductive losses low. Higher loadings led to nanotube aggregation and increased dielectric loss, degrading device performance.Discussion/ConclusionThe study establishes a quantitative correlation between dielectric spectroscopy and triboelectric output, providing mechanistic insight into performance enhancement and degradation. This framework offers practical guidelines for designing PS-based nanocomposite TENGs for wearable electronics, self-powered sensors, and portable energy-harvesting applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1782669</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2026.1782669</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Photoelectrochemical sensor based on Au/Fe3O4 for ultrasensitive detection of uric acid corresponding to alzheimer’s disease]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xin Wang</author><author>Bin Wu</author><author>Jian An</author><author>Yan Cai</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionUric acid (UA) is a crucial biochemical indicator in the human body. The dynamic balance between its production and excretion is essential for maintaining homeostasis, and detecting UA concentration enables disease diagnosis. To address the limitations of traditional UA detection methods, such as high cost and complex operation, this study constructed a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor modified with Au/Fe3O4.MethodsFe3O4 and Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized via hydrothermal methods, and the Au/Fe3O4 composite was prepared by ultrasonically loading Au NPs onto the surface of Fe3O4.ResultsUnder visible light illumination, the Au/Fe3O4 composite exhibited a significant photocurrent response to UA, primarily due to the synergistic effect between the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced by Au NPs and the photogenerated electron–hole pairs from Fe3O4. This synergy promotes the redox reaction of UA at the electrode surface, thereby enhancing the photocurrent signal. Under optimized conditions, the Au/Fe3O4/GCE showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0–100 μmol/L with a detection limit as low as 3.3 μmol/L (S/N = 3).DiscussionThe sensor demonstrated excellent anti-interference ability and stability, offering a new approach for UA detection. This method holds promise for practical applications in clinical diagnosis and bioanalysis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1741991</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1741991</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mesoporous silica nanoparticles--based functional platforms for breast cancer therapy: technological advancements]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Yang Du</author><author>Jiangnan Yang</author><author>Shuai Chen</author><author>Deyuan Fu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) offer remarkable opportunities for the loading and delivery of drugs and other small molecules due to their large specific surface area, tunable mesoporous pore size, ease of modification, and excellent biocompatibility. The active silica hydroxyl groups (Si-OH) on the surface provide a good basis for a variety of modification and functionalization strategies, and thus MSNs show great potential in drug delivery systems, especially in studies involving the loading, transport, and release of anticancer drugs, particularly in the field of oncology therapeutics. The current review highlights MSNs as promising platforms for breast cancer therapy, with a special focus on the diverse applications of MSNs in breast cancer therapy, which are related to a wide range of applications with different structures and designs, functionalization strategies, prevalent synthesis methods, and potential clinical uses. Afterwards, we review targeted MSNs for enhancing precision medicine and therapeutic efficacy, and then focus on specific applications of MSNs in breast cancer therapy and various stimulus-responsive surface modifications, with specific applications including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, combined therapeutic approaches, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. In addition, the challenges of MSNs in breast cancer and their future prospects are discussed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1720197</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1720197</link>
        <title><![CDATA[NIR-II fluorescence in lung cancer: advancing precision diagnosis and image-guided therapy]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>YunLong Yang</author><author>Jiang Fu</author><author>RangPing Xie</author><author>Chun Wang</author><author>Sen Wang</author><author>Long Wen</author><author>Yang Yang</author><author>ChengKuan Liu</author><author>GuiYan Yi</author><author>Li Yu</author><author>HaiNing Zhou</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Lung cancer ranks among the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Conventional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain constrained by suboptimal sensitivity, exposure to ionizing radiation, and poor overall prognosis, driving efforts to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes. Second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging offers deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution; accordingly, a wide array of NIR-II fluorescent probes, imaging systems, and photointerventional therapies have been developed. In this review, we summarize recent advances and applications of NIR-II in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment and discuss the design and future directions of integrated diagnostic-therapeutic (theranostic) platforms.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1743284</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1743284</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Facile green synthesis and characterization of Terminalia arjuna bark phenolic–selenium nanogel: a biocompatible and green nano-biomaterial for multifaceted biological applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Abhijeet Puri</author><author>Popat Mohite</author><author>Swati Patil</author><author>Vijay R. Chidrawar</author><author>Yogesh V. Ushir</author><author>Rajesh Dodiya</author><author>Sudarshan Singh</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1742786</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1742786</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A self-reinforcing nanoplatform for triple-synergistic therapy: NIR-triggered photothermal/gas/chemodynamic therapy of tumors]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yan Xue</author><author>Xiaoxiao Chen</author><author>Xi Chen</author><author>Songhui Xue</author><author>Meijuan Qian</author><author>Dongzhi Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionA major challenge in nanomedicine is developing multifunctional nanoplatforms capable of achieving synergistic cancer therapy.MethodsIn the present study, we developed a CD44-targeted nanocomposite, named UiO-SNO@CuS/HA, for efficacy evaluation in combination therapy including photothermal therapy (PTT), nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) The nanoplatform was produced through the preparation of UiO-66-SH metal-organic framework (MOF) followed by the post-synthetic nitrosation of S-thiols to give S-nitrosothiols (SNO) as the NO donor. Afterward, in situ growth of ultrasmall CuS nanoparticles on the MOF surface led to the eventual coating of the hybrids with hyaluronic acid (HA) for active tumor targeting.ResultsUnder 1064 nm laser irradiation, the CuS component mediated effective PTT with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 41.4%. The generated photothermal heat also leads to the release of a considerable amount of the gas NO (135 μM, pH 4.6) and promotes the release the ions Cu2 + in the acidic tumor microenvironment. The Cu2+ that was released was reduced to Cu+ by glutathione, achieving GSH depletion of around 80%. This not only triggered a Fenton-like reaction with H2O2 to produce reactive hydroxyl radicals (·OH) for CDT, but also stimulated further production of NO from SNO moieties, forming a self-propagating therapeutic cycle. The series of events led to an increase of 4.2 times generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), severe mitochondrial dysfunction with a decrease of 85% in membrane potential, and finally 78.4% apoptosis was induced in HeLa cells.DiscussionThe triple-combination therapy generated by UiO-SNO@CuS/HA was demonstrated to have much higher cancer cell killing efficacy in vitro than either single or dual therapies, and very good biocompatibility with normal cells. This study reports a rationally designed feedback-amplified nanosystem that enables potent and specific triple-synergistic tumor therapy, representing a practical strategy for advanced combinatorial cancer therapy.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1695385</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1695385</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Graphene/Ag–Ag2S based hybrid nanostructure for methylene blue degradation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Talia Tene</author><author>Lala Gahramanli</author><author>Mustafa Muradov</author><author>MahammadBaghir Baghirov</author><author>Goncha Eyvazova</author><author>Stefano Bellucci</author><author>Jessica Alexandra Marcatoma Tixi</author><author>Cristian Vacacela Gomez</author><author>Rana Khankishiyeva</author><author>Lorenzo S. Caputi</author><author>Salvatore Straface</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this study, novel 2D/1D graphene/silver-silver sulfide (Ag–Ag2S) hybrid nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The structural–optical properties and dye-photodegradation performance of Ag nanowires (NWs), Ag–Ag2S core–shell NWs, and a 2D/1D graphene/Ag–Ag2S hybrid nanocatalyst were examined. SEM confirms uniform, non-agglomerated Ag NWs and a layered graphene morphology; after sulfidation, Ag2S (and incidental Ag2O) forms on Ag NW surfaces, while Ag–Ag2S NWs are randomly distributed across graphene sheets. XRD results confirm the presence of crystalline phases corresponding to Ag, Ag2S, and silver oxide (Ag2O), indicating successful hybridization and partial oxidation during synthesis. UV–Vis spectra show the two Ag localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) (∼350/380 nm) collapsing into a broadened band upon Ag2S shelling, consistent with higher dielectric loss and interfacial damping; graphene/Ag–Ag2S is dominated by a π–π* transition near 200–250 nm. Tauc analysis yields, E.g., ≈ 2.9 eV (Ag NWs), and after hybridization, approximately 2.5 eV (Ag2S), 3.8 eV (Ag), and 4.6 eV (Ag2O); the composite (graphene/Ag–Ag2S) exhibits two optical gaps (∼3.28 and 4.72 eV), reflecting its multiphase nature and graphene-induced states. Methylene blue (MB) degradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with the strongest linearity for graphene/Ag–Ag2S (R2 ≈ 0.89–0.92). At pH 3, the hybrid achieves the highest removal efficiency (89.55% at 5 h) and the largest rate constant (k_obs = 0.5349 h−1). The synergy arises from assisted carrier generation in Ag, heterojunction-driven separation in Ag–Ag2S, and rapid electron transport/π–π adsorption on graphene, which together maximize radical formation and suppress recombination under acidic conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1738897</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1738897</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Metal-based nanomaterials for tumor diagnosis and therapy]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Siwen Liu</author><author>Jianhua Liu</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1712485</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1712485</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: DNA delivery into plant tissues using carbon dots made from citric acid and β-alanine]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Kuber Shivashakarappa</author><author>Sureshbabu Marriboina</author><author>Zeinab Yadegari</author><author>Vikas Reddy Paduri</author><author>Ritesh Sachan</author><author>Korsi Dumenyo</author><author>Ali Taheri</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1584199</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1584199</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sustainable biosynthesis, physiochemical characterization, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial evaluation of novel chromium oxide nanoparticles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ezzat H. Elshazly</author><author>G. Abd elfadeel</author><author>Lihang Yang</author><author>Xiqi Li</author><author>Emad A. Ewais</author><author>Ahmed M. Sadek</author><author>Taher M. Taha</author><author>Omar Fathy</author><author>Omar Mohammad Atta</author><author>Wen-Zong Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted significant interest due to their diverse biological applications. However, the potential for NPs synthesis using plant resources from Vicia monantha Retz remains largely unexplored. Notably, this study marks the first use of this specific plant for the biosynthesis of chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3NPs). In the present study, the single phase of Cr2O3 was confirmed at a calcination temperature 700 °C for the synthesized NPs. The crystallite sizes increased from 14 nm to 20 nm with the increase in the calcination temperature to 900 °C for 2 h. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) light spectroscopy revealed that the samples are semiconductor materials, according to the observed values of energy band gap. The developed Cr2O3NPs did not show any toxicity toward NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that Cr2O3NPs exhibited good antimicrobial activity against two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus sp.), producing clear inhibition zones of 0.26 cm, 0.21 cm, 0.28 cm, and 0.3 cm, respectively, after 24 h. The Cr2O3NPs exhibit successful green synthesis, notable biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties, making them highly promising for various applications and opening possibilities for the utilization of nanoparticles in antimicrobial systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1647535</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1647535</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Isothermal signal amplification-mediated nanozyme capture on DNA tetrahedra for ultrasensitive amperometric immunoassay of Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lin Liao</author><author>Zhaoxiong Li</author><author>Zhanhong Liu</author><author>Bin Qiu</author><author>Wangyuan Guo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The overexpression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1), a key oncoprotein encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is closely associated with the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), making it a valuable biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we report a highly sensitive amperometric immunoassay method for LMP-1 detection based on the strand displacement amplification (SDA)-mediated capture of nanozyme on a DNA tetrahedron (TDN)-modified electrode. In detail, a sandwich immunoassay was carried out on a microplate, followed by sequential capture of streptavidin and biotin-labeled SP-HP, which then initiated SDA in the presence of a nicking enzyme and DNA polymerase. The resulting trigger DNA hybridized with TDN-anchored hairpin probes, exposing terminal digoxin moieties that captured anti-digoxin antibody modified AuPt alloy nanozymes. The nanozymes catalyzed the oxidation of TMB in the presence of H2O2, generating electroactive oxidized products that were subsequently reduced at the electrode to yield a measurable current signal. The integration of TDNs, SDA, and AuPt nanozymes significantly enhanced sensitivity, achieving a detection limit as low as 47 fg mL-1 and a wide linear range (0.1–1,500 pg mL-1). The developed method also demonstrated excellent specificity, reproducibility, and applicability in spiked biological samples. This work presents a promising strategy for ultrasensitive and specific detection of EBV-related proteins and expands the utility of nanozyme-based electrochemical immunoassays for clinical diagnostics.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1627543</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1627543</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Synthesis of carbon dots as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ying Zhang</author><author>Jie Wang</author><author>Xiuhong Wu</author><author>Rui Chang</author><author>Hongyu Luo</author><author>Juan Yang</author><author>Quan Wu</author><author>Ze Xu</author><author>Yingfu Zhong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveA new type of antibacterial and antioxidant carbon dots has been discovered.MethodsIn this study, a facile one-step hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize carbon dots (CDs) using Yongchuan Xiuya as the precursor.ResultsThe morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized CDs were systematically characterized. The resulting doped carbon quantum dots (CDs) exhibited a spherical shape with an average particle size of 4.17 nm and a lattice spacing of 0.22 nm. The CDs demonstrated exceptional antioxidant and antibacterial properties, showing significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.62 mg/mL and 0.85 mg/mL, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that bacterial cell death likely results from strong electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged bacterial surfaces and the positively charged CDs.ConclusionThis work presents a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to producing carbon dots with dual functionality as both antibacterial and antioxidant agents.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1589836</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1589836</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mangrove soil as a natural catalyst for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Andrea Chacón-Calderón</author><author>Juan Miguel Zuñiga-Umaña</author><author>Claudia Villarreal</author><author>José Roberto Vega-Baudrit</author><author>Reinaldo Pereira-Reyes</author><author>Yendry Regina Corrales-Ureña</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionMangrove ecosystems host diverse biogeochemical pathways that enhance their resilience against a wide range of pollutants, from heavy metals to hormones. The unique combination of extreme physicochemical soil conditions and the anaerobic metabolism of mangrove microbiota creates favorable conditions for nanoscale processes.MethodsThe presence of naturally occurring nanoparticles in soil extracts from Costa Rican mangroves at Punta Morales and Cahuita was characterized. Furthermore, we evaluated the ability of these soil extracts to catalyze the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) under sunlight in saline environments (28°C–31°C within 15 min). Characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Vis spectrophotomery (UV-vis) were used. To investigate the reaction mechanism, we quantified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under sunlight and UV light, monitored changes in the absorption bands of the extracts, conducted nanoparticle synthesis in the dark, and measured the reduction potential of the extracts. Ag NPs–extract interactions were evaluated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and antimicrobial activity was assessed via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Bacterial growth was analyzed using generalized additive models (GAM) and non-parametric tests at specific time points.ResultsMangrove sediments contained nanoparticles, primarily silicates and carbon-based organic fibers. Soil extracts catalyzed nanoparticle formation, producing mainly Ag NPs and AgCl particles. Pacific extracts showed a higher affinity for the Ag NPs, while Caribbean extracts enabled faster AgNP synthesis due to a higher density of organic binding sites. The proposed mechanism involves organic matter reduction of silver, photolysis, and catalytic ion effects (e.g., iron). Antimicrobial tests revealed species-specific and concentration-dependent responses, with MIC values between 2.5 and 20 μg/mL, depending on bacterial strain and nanoparticle origin. AgNPs synthesized with Caribbean extracts exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity compared to those synthesized with citric acid, highlighting the potential role of humic and fulvic acid coatings.DiscussionOur findings suggest that mangrove soils naturally harbor nanoscale materials and act as efficient biogenic catalysts for metallic nanoparticle synthesis. The distinct properties of extracts from different mangrove regions influence both the synthesis kinetics and the biological activity of the nanoparticles. This underscores the ecological and biotechnological relevance of mangrove-derived materials.]]></description>
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