AUTHOR=Fu Yuqing , Zeng Jun , He Qian 

TITLE=Advances and future perspectives in the treatment and prognosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare

VOLUME=Volume 6 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/clinical-diabetes-and-healthcare/articles/10.3389/fcdhc.2025.1651061

DOI=10.3389/fcdhc.2025.1651061

ISSN=2673-6616

ABSTRACT=Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, necessitating lifelong exogenous insulin. This review synthesizes key advances that are shifting T1DM management from symptomatic control to disease modification and potential cure. We examine progress in novel insulin formulations and automated insulin delivery systems, alongside groundbreaking immunomodulatory therapies and gene-edited stem cell therapies that aim to restore native β-cell function and achieve insulin independence. The article also discusses the potential of phytomedicines and gut microbiota modulation. This review provides insights into the unique challenges of implementing these innovations within the Chinese healthcare context, highlighting the need for high-quality clinical research, personalized strategies, and improved healthcare accessibility to enhance long-term patient outcomes.