<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <rss version="2.0">
      <channel xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
        <title>Frontiers in Conservation Science | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/conservation-science</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Conservation Science | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-08-07T22:52:50.402+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1880398</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1880398</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Operationalizing restoration on the roof of the world: an integrated framework for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau grasslands]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Wajid Khan</author><author>Mushtaq Ahmad</author><author>Zia Ul Islam</author><author>Taqweem Ul Haq</author><author>Samina Kausar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) faces an escalating ecological crisis where decades of grassland degradation, amplified by climate change at twice the global average rate, threaten both regional water security for 1.4 billion people and the livelihoods of millions of Tibetan herders. Approximately 58.2% of northern Tibetan grasslands had reached degraded status by 2010, with ‘black soil beach’ (Heihumai) formations, shrub encroachment, and permafrost thaw creating distinct degradation syndromes that resist simple technical solutions. This review synthesizes post-2020 evidence from remote sensing assessments, controlled field experiments, and socio-economic surveys to critically evaluate restoration outcomes across the QTP’s major ecological zones. We examine the context-dependent efficacy of three dominant interventions—fencing, active reseeding, and adaptive grazing management, revealing systematic gaps between policy intent and field implementation. We propose an Adaptive Co-Management (ACM) framework that transcends the fencing-centric paradigm through five iterative steps: Co-Design, Act, Monitor, Evaluate, and Adapt. This approach operationalizes Ostrom’s principles for common-pool resource governance and resilience thinking within China’s specific institutional context, emphasizing herder participation in goal-setting, flexible implementation with learning buffers, and multidimensional outcome assessment spanning ecology, hydrology, and livelihoods.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1918579</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1918579</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Before they can name ecological grief: a brief research report of young children’s climate emotions in a small island state]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Jane Spiteri</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Climate emotions research is expanding rapidly, yet children under eight remain less visible than adolescents and adults within the field despite evidence that climate concern may emerge early in life. Such an omission is especially consequential in small island states that are more vulnerable to climate change. This Brief Research Report presents a secondary qualitative analysis of empirical studies conducted in Malta with young children, parents and early childhood educators. Re-examining these datasets through the lens of climate emotions, the analysis shows that young children express early forms of climate worry and ecological loss through concrete, place-based concerns about heat, pollution, animals, the sea and damaged environments, even without adult terminology. Parents and educators recognise climate risks but often struggle to communicate them in emotionally safe ways. The findings conceptualise climate emotions in early childhood as an emergent, relational and co-constructed experience shaped by place attachment, intergenerational communication and opportunities for care-based action. The report further suggests that children’s climate emotions are socially mediated through family, educational and peer contexts. Finally, it argues that conservation social science must integrate young children’s emotional responses to ecological loss, particularly in small island contexts where the impacts of climate change are more pronounced and encountered intimately and daily.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1843326</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1843326</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Amazonian community-based conservation catalyzes multidimensional nature contributions to people]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ana Carla Rodrigues</author><author>Eduardo Sonnewend Brondizio</author><author>Hugo Cardoso de Moura Costa</author><author>Carlos Augusto Peres</author><author>Richard James Ladle</author><author>Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado</author><author>José Antonio Puppim de Oliveira</author><author>Fabio do Carmo Gondim</author><author>João Vitor Campos-Silva</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Amazon rainforest hosts a remarkable level of biodiversity which, in turn, generates diverse and significant ecosystem services for humanity. Conserving the vast territories of the Amazon requires the active participation of the many traditional indigenous and non-indigenous communities that inhabit the region. For example, the conservation of the giant pirarucu fish through co-management with local Amazonian communities has objectively delivered successful conservation and social outcomes. Here, we identify the material and non-material benefits derived from sustainable community-based activities by interviewing fishers from communities both inside and outside of this flagship conservation program. Specifically, we conducted interviews with 186 expert fishers from 39 communities along the Juruá River, western Brazilian Amazon, focusing on their perceptions of historical trends in the direct and indirect benefits that they derive from ecologically and economically important species and conserved ecosystems. Our results show significant differences in perceptions between communities that either do or do not practice pirarucu co-management. Pirarucu-managing communities perceive higher catch per unit effort in fisheries and increases in commercially valuable species like Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Participating communities also perceived an increase in the abundance of high-value hardwoods. Additionally, these communities report more intangible benefits such as cultural strengthening and revival. This study clearly highlights how pirarucu co-management has significantly increased the flow of material and non-material benefits from nature to participating communities. The fact that these benefits are clearly perceived and acknowledged by participating communities is also an important finding, incentivizing the continuity of practices that sustain these benefits.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1894978</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1894978</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Reconnecting humans and nature through biocultural approaches: the role of indigenous cultural values for biodiversity conservation in Southwestern Nigeria]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Taiwo Kabiru Adebowale</author><author>Opemipo Alaba Ijose</author><author>Bosede Bolade Ibiyomi</author><author>Olukoya Oladapo Oduntan</author><author>Oluwasegun Kehinde Omoju</author><author>Oluwaferanmi Esther Ejibunu</author><author>Tolani Azeem Raji</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Rapid socio-cultural transformation and increasing human disconnection from nature have contributed to biodiversity decline, particularly in Indigenous communities where traditional ecological systems are weakening. Guided by the Biocultural Conservation Theory, this study examined the influence of Indigenous cultural values, traditional ecological knowledge, and human–nature relationships on biodiversity conservation among Egba communities in Southwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional explanatory survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 395 respondents selected through a multistage sampling technique across eight Egba communities in Abeokuta North and Abeokuta South Local Government Areas, Ogun State. Data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and multiple linear regression. The findings revealed strong recognition of Indigenous cultural mechanisms as important drivers of biodiversity conservation. Traditional festivals promoting harmony between humans and nature (4.15 ± 1.02), sacred groves protected from exploitation (4.10 ± 0.96), rituals associated with land and wildlife stewardship (4.09 ± 0.95), and totemic protection of species (4.05 ± 0.99) emerged as major conservation practices. Traditional institutions, including councils of chiefs, hunters’ guilds, and traditional rulers, were also perceived as influential in enforcing biodiversity-related norms. However, urbanization, modernization, poverty, declining intergenerational knowledge transfer, and weak institutional recognition were identified as major threats to Indigenous conservation systems. Significant age-related differences in perceptions of traditional conservation practices (p < 0.05) highlighted generational variations in Indigenous ecological values. The study concludes that Indigenous cultural systems remain essential for biodiversity conservation. Policy interventions should strengthen collaboration between formal conservation institutions and Indigenous governance systems through legal recognition of sacred sites, support for traditional ecological knowledge transmission, and inclusion of Indigenous authorities in biodiversity decision-making processes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1822074</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1822074</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Close encounters: responses of road users to wild chimpanzee road crossings in Uganda]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Marie Tellier</author><author>Marie Cibot</author><author>François Druelle</author><author>John-Mary Baruzaliire</author><author>Tom Sabiiti</author><author>Matthew R. McLennan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Expanding road networks increasingly encroach on wildlife home ranges, intensifying human-animal interactions. While ecological consequences like habitat fragmentation or wildlife mortality from vehicle collisions are well-studied, immediate behavioral responses of human road users during wildlife encounters remain underexplored despite their critical impact on safety and conservation. This study investigates behavioral responses of vulnerable (pedestrians, cyclists) and non-vulnerable (motorists) road users during wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) crossings in a human-dominated landscape in Bulindi, Uganda. We analyzed 376 opportunistically recorded interactions over 38 months to identify factors influencing road users’ caution (stopping or slowing down without interfering with the chimpanzees, or retreating) and interest (stopping or slowing down to watch, including approaching chimpanzees). Local pedestrians and cyclists displayed significantly higher caution than motorists. Caution and interest did not differ significantly by age or sex among pedestrians. Road users were generally more cautious and curious when chimpanzees actively crossed the road compared to waiting at the roadside. Conversely, encounters with larger chimpanzee groups correlated with reduced caution. Interactions with local field assistants, employed to monitor the chimpanzees, increased both caution and interest among road users. Although no collisions occurred, seven near-miss incidents were documented, primarily linked to poor visibility and reckless motorcyclist behavior. These results show that road user behavior is influenced by physical vulnerability, chimpanzee visibility, and contextual cues, highlighting potential risk factors for both humans and chimpanzees. Despite chimpanzee adaptability to anthropogenic environmental change, roads and traffic remain significant threats to this endangered species. Our findings emphasize the need for measures to limit vehicle speed (e.g., speed humps, signs, traffic controls) and improve visibility on roads traversing chimpanzee habitats, coupled with targeted awareness campaigns for local communities, tourists, and non-resident workers, as well as the integration of locally based and trusted personnel into road safety strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1855000</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1855000</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Evidence for a metabolic trap and habituation limiting post-release survival of orphaned grizzly bears]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lana M. Ciarniello</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The rehabilitation of orphaned grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) cubs of the year is often driven by public and animal welfare considerations, yet its efficacy as a functional conservation tool remains poorly understood. This study evaluates a five-year (2019–2023) captive-rear and release initiative in British Columbia (BC), Canada, representing the only systematically monitored program of its kind in North America. I monitored 14 orphaned cubs to examine how age of entry, captive-rearing duration, social environment (number reared together), and body mass at release influenced post-release survival. Of these, 13 bears were subsequently monitored post-release. These releases also provided a unique opportunity to examine whether greater release mass confers a survival advantage, a relationship previously suggested to reduce predation risk in captive-reared ursids. Results were benchmarked against morphometric data for wild yearlings in western North America. Captive-reared yearlings (n = 14) exhibited significant physiological divergence; mean spring release mass (127.4 kg) was 3.5-fold greater than wild-reared counterparts (36.1 kg; p < 0.0001). Despite this size advantage, the confirmed mortality rate was 83% among bears with known outcomes (n = 10/12). Mortality was heavily concentrated in the short-term, with 75% of the bears failing to survive from release to first denning. Contrary to rehabilitation best practices, minimizing handlers did not prevent habituation; several bears quickly generalized human presence with food security post-release. Survival was inversely related to captivity duration; increased time in captivity, driven by earlier age of intake, was associated with reduced survival, likely reflecting the combined loss of maternal learning and prolonged habituation. Furthermore, the relationship between release mass and survival was non-linear; individuals exceeding 135 kg consistently failed to recruit, suggesting a ‘metabolic trap’ where oversized frames create energetic demands difficult to meet for naïve yearlings foraging without maternal guidance in resource-limited spring landscapes. If rearing protocols diverge too far from natural conditions, facilitating habituation through routine husbandry and producing developmental outliers, rehabilitation remains a form of sympathetic management rather than a conservation tool. I advocate for species-tailored, “hands-off” protocols that prioritize natural growth trajectories and behavioural wariness during captive-rearing.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1881857</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1881857</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Waimiri Atroari (Kinja) indigenous governance and resistance: implications for conservation in the Central Brazilian Amazon]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Community Case Study</category>
        <author>Aline Medeiros</author><author>Edson Rodrigues Costa</author><author>Juliana Martins</author><author>Walter Nicanor Fontoura Blos</author><author>Fernanda Abra</author><author>Antônio Carlos do Nascimento</author><author>Denice Lima</author><author>Paruwe Mario Atroari</author><author>Ewepe Marcelo Atroari</author><author>Sawa Aldo Waimiri</author><author>Marcelo Gordo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In this study, we examine how the Waimiri Atroari (Kinja) articulate environmental conservation through Indigenous territorial governance in the Brazilian Amazon under conditions of sustained external pressure. Using a qualitative case study approach grounded in long-term engagement with the Waimiri Atroari territory and institutional programs, we analyze how biodiversity protection emerges from the integration of territorial surveillance, sociocultural continuity, adaptive resource management, and responses to large-scale infrastructure projects imposed on Indigenous lands. The Kinja maintain approximately 2.5 million hectares of forest through coordinated strategies that include monitoring illegal activities, mitigating the impacts of the BR-174 highway through wildlife roadkill monitoring and waste management, and participating directly in environmental oversight associated with the 500 kV Manaus–Boa Vista power transmission line. These practices demonstrate that conservation in the territory is not an isolated environmental objective, but part of a broader socioecological system combining traditional knowledge, social organization, and technical adaptation. Despite contributing to biodiversity conservation, challenges related to population growth, climate change, and persistent external pressures continue to affect the long-term sustainability of this model. Although the Kinja experience is not directly transferable to other contexts, it offers important insights for conservation policy, particularly regarding the centrality of Indigenous governance and the integration of knowledge systems in Amazonian environmental protection]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1891198</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1891198</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Environmental DNA for endangered freshwater mussel monitoring: a review on global synthesis of eDNA methods, challenges, and innovative strategies]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Mizanur Rahman</author><author>Md Saydur Rahman</author><author>Richard J. Kline</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Freshwater mussels (family Unionidae) are among the most endangered aquatic species worldwide, making effective monitoring vital for their conservation. Traditional surveys are laborious, time-consuming, and often miss rare or low-density populations. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a highly sensitive, non-invasive approach for freshwater mussel detection and monitoring; however, uncertainties in ecological interpretation continue to limit its broader application in freshwater biodiversity monitoring. We conducted a systematic review of 49 peer-reviewed studies, identified through an extensive literature search, to assess temporal research trends, methodological advancements, ecological contexts, and regulatory readiness of freshwater mussel eDNA monitoring. Findings show that freshwater mussel eDNA research has surged since 2020, particularly in the United States, which accounts for the largest share of published studies (38.8%). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was the most frequently applied detection method (46%), followed by metabarcoding (32%), indicating a shift from species-specific detection toward community-level biodiversity assessment. Water was the principal sampling matrix, while freezing and silica-based extraction kits were the most commonly reported preservation and DNA-extraction approaches. The review demonstrates that eDNA greatly enhances the detection of freshwater mussels, particularly rare and endangered species, and supports large-scale biodiversity assessments and conservation planning. However, significant variation exists in sampling strategies, laboratory workflows, molecular markers, bioinformatics pipelines, and quality control practices. Ecological interpretation remains complicated by factors such as hydrological transport, seasonal biological variation, eDNA degradation, PCR inhibition, incomplete reference databases, and unclear relationships between eDNA levels and population size. Overall, this review highlights that eDNA has complemented traditional surveys rather than replacing them. To facilitate regulatory adoption and conservation, ongoing efforts should focus on standardizing protocols, expanding reference databases, improving quantitative analyses, across laboratories, and integrating ecological and hydrological data.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1792295</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1792295</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Geographic variation in behavioral avoidance of a widespread contaminant by Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Charles W. Martin</author><author>Ashley M. McDonald</author><author>Kathryn A. O’Shaughnessy</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Understanding the behavioral response of estuarine fishes to environmental contaminants is critical for assessing the ecological consequences of disturbances. Here, we examined geographic variation in avoidance behavior to petroleum-contaminated sediments in the Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis), a sentinel species in northern Gulf of Mexico marshes. Adult fish were collected from four geographically distinct estuaries: Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana; Mississippi Sound, Alabama; Pensacola Bay, Florida; and Cedar Key, Florida. Choice experiments tested fish preference to either uncontaminated sediments or sediments contaminated with fresh or weathered oil. Results found significant differences among source locations with individuals from western Gulf sites (Louisiana and Alabama) exhibiting strong avoidance of fresh oil, while those from eastern sites (Florida) showed limited or no avoidance. No source location avoided weathered oil. These findings suggest that sensitivity to oil contamination varies regionally, potentially reflecting local exposure histories, environmental adaptation, or other sources of geographic variation. The diminished response to weathered oil across all locations highlights a reduced ability to detect residual contamination and indicates that these fish may use more volatile compounds that precipitate or degrade faster as a cue. This study underscores the importance of incorporating behavioral and geographic-level variability into impact assessments and emphasizes the need for regionally-tailored conservation strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1896568</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1896568</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Acoustic signal alteration in pantropical spotted and spinner dolphins exposed to seismic airgun noise]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yasmin Viana</author><author>Natália Rodrigues-Soares</author><author>Raphael B. Machado</author><author>Thiago Orion Simões Amorim</author><author>João Pedro Mura</author><author>Renata Santoro Sousa-Lima</author><author>Larissa Kelmer de Lima Kascher</author><author>José Luiz A. Pizzorno</author><author>Andrea Carlina Jesulich</author><author>Artur Andriolo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionHuman activities are significantly altering the marine soundscape. Seismic exploration generates high-intensity sounds that propagate over large spatial and temporal scales and can adversely affect cetaceans, which rely on sound for communication, foraging, navigation, and survival.MethodsThis study investigates the acoustic responses of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) and spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) to seismic airgun noise in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean between 2017 and 2026. The effects of seismic prospection activity noise on the acoustic parameters of both species were assessed using permutation tests, Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), and a Random Forest Algorithm (RFA).ResultsClassification accuracy within the RFA increased during active seismic conditions due to a reduction in acoustic parameter variance, a trend mirrored by clearer PCoA cluster segregation for echolocation clicks. Whistles and click trains analysed under active and inactive airgun conditions revealed species-specific response patterns. S. attenuata reduced whistle frequency parameters and duration, narrowing its overall bandwidth, whereas S. longirostris increased whistle duration. Conversely, for click trains, both species exhibited a significant reduction in inter-click intervals alongside a narrower distributional range of click peak frequency values.DiscussionThese findings indicate that exposure to seismic noise elicits complex, multi-parametric adjustments that alter signal features. Beyond documenting these patterns, this study demonstrates that machine learning frameworks are effective tools for diagnosing shifts in cetacean acoustic profiles under anthropogenic disturbance. Recognising that distinct parameters within whistles and clicks respond differently under acoustic pressure is necessary for ensuring the accuracy of acoustic monitoring used during mitigation frameworks. Incorporating these variations into regulatory guidelines prevents automated detection errors, improving the management and protection of marine species within industrialised soundscapes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1895819</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1895819</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Terrain-mediated biotic interactions shape puma ecology: insights on density, space use, and activity patterns in southeastern Peru]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Clemens Lukasser</author><author>Samantha Zwicker</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Pumas (Puma concolor) are the most widely distributed felid in the Americas, yet their population density, space use, and responses to disturbance remain poorly quantified in Amazonian forests undergoing rapid land-use change. This gap limits evidence-based conservation planning for large carnivores in tropical landscapes where predator–prey dynamics, interspecific competition, and human disturbance may interact. To address this gap, we evaluated puma density, space use, and temporal overlap with prey and jaguars (Panthera onca) in the lowland forests of southeastern Peru using an integrated camera-trap framework. We estimated density with spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models based on individually identified pumas from paired camera-trap grids, modeled puma space use with single-species occupancy models using 263 camera stations and 25,730 trap nights, and quantified diel activity overlap using independent detections of pumas, prey, and jaguars. SECR models estimated puma density at 1.012 individuals/100 km² (SE = 0.440, 95% CI = 0.448–2.286), and detection probability was strongly influenced by trail placement. The spatial scale parameter corresponded to an estimated 95% home-range area of approximately 182.20 km2. Occupancy models indicated that puma space use was best explained by biotic and landscape-structure covariates, whereas measured anthropogenic disturbance covariates received little support. Conditional model-averaged estimates showed positive effects of jaguar index and prey index, while the interaction between terrain ruggedness and jaguar index was negative. Mean predicted puma space-use probability was 0.573 ± 0.069, and mean detection probability was 0.121 ± 0.017. Activity analyses based on 406 puma, 5,532 prey, and 220 jaguar detections revealed high temporal overlap between pumas and prey (Δ4 = 0.888, 95% CI = 0.844–0.922) and between pumas and jaguars (Δ4 = 0.834, 95% CI = 0.782–0.902). These findings suggest that pumas in this Amazonian landscape occur at a conservative SECR-based density consistent with expectations for tropical forest pumas, use prey- and jaguar-active areas, and do not strongly avoid jaguars temporally. However, terrain ruggedness weakened the positive puma–jaguar association, suggesting that fine-scale landscape structure may mediate coexistence. Conservation strategies should prioritize contiguous, prey-rich forests that maintain structural heterogeneity and support intact carnivore assemblages in human-impacted Amazonian landscapes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1870224</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1870224</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Climate change and the collective: understanding climate change through the lens of collective trauma and ecological systems theory]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Meghana Nallajerla</author><author>Sandra Engstrom</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Mental health and psychosocial impacts of climate change – including increased PTSD, depression, and anxiety – are increasingly recognized as a critical impact of the climate crisis. Although the climate crisis is a global phenomenon affecting millions, existing literature predominantly captures individual psychopathological impacts. To date, here is limited understanding of the collective nature of climate change and its individual, interpersonal, community, and societal level impacts. Further, limited literature has discussed both the “collective” nature of these impacts, while also examining their inequitable nature from an intersectional lens. This perspective piece introduces a conceptualization of the climate crisis as a multi-level, collective traumatic phenomenon, with implications that include individual mental health but extend far beyond to communities, cultures, and society. We integrate Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems, collective trauma, and intersectionality theory to briefly illustrate the psychosocial impacts of and interventions for climate change at the individual (micro), family (meso), community (exo), society (macro) and chronological (chrono) levels. This overarching framework is then used to discuss possible clinical and community interventions, and recommendations for future research on the climate crisis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1864703</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1864703</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A prioritization strategy for protecting Conservation Imperatives Sites]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Joe Gosling</author><author>Eric Dinerstein</author><author>Anup R. Joshi</author><author>Neil D. Burgess</author><author>Haley Mellin</author><author>Lucas Joppa</author><author>Heather C. Bingham</author><author>Osgur McDermott-Long</author><author>Jasmin Upton</author>
        <description><![CDATA[To prevent species extinctions, targeted action must focus on areas of threatened biodiversity facing intense human pressures. This objective is even more important in the run-up to 2030, the target date to conserve 30% of lands and waters globally. Conservation Imperatives (unprotected terrestrial sites that harbor rare, range-restricted, and threatened species) are critical to preventing imminent species losses. To prioritize among the 16,825 Conservation Imperatives Sites spanning 1.64 million km², we ranked each site using a prioritization framework based on four criteria: number of threatened species per site; irreplaceability of the site; the proportion of an ecoregion’s remaining habitat contained in the site; and conversion pressure. Our approach prioritizes 1,667 sites representing 501,426 km², or 0.4% of Earth’s terrestrial surface, that we suggest are most in need of urgent protection, with 87% of these sites occurring in 20 countries and in 250 ecoregions. This prioritization directly addresses the concern that protected areas must be targeted to protect endangered species, habitats and populations: 33% of the prioritized Conservation Imperatives Sites scored higher in irreplaceability than 90% of existing protected and conserved areas. Additionally, 52% are within 2.5 km of an existing protected area, making extending protection or restoring connectivity more feasible. Targeting conservation actions, especially in this small set of countries and ecoregions identified here, would contribute “high quality” areas for biodiversity as part of reaching the 30% coverage target by 2030.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1858501</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1858501</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Scent of a poacher: operational performance of a counter-poaching tracking dog in a Southeast Asian tropical forest]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sai Sanggkeeth Narayanasamy</author><author>Fatima Diyana Germani</author><author>Benjamin Riopelle</author><author>Wai Yee Lam</author><author>Reuben Clements Gopalasamy</author><author>Andrew Stephen</author><author>Landur Mohamad</author><author>Rob Stuart Alexander Pickles</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Poaching remains a primary threat to wildlife across Southeast Asia’s protected forests; however conventional ranger patrols face significant challenges detecting and intercepting poaching activity in dense tropical terrain. Tracking dogs offer a potential force multiplier for counter-poaching units, but deployment decisions have until now been made without empirical performance data from operational tropical conditions. We evaluated a tracking dog in the tropical forests of Peninsular Malaysia across three complementary study components: controlled covert-fixing of fresh signs trials (n = 100), environmental tracking trials across five track-age categories (30 minutes to 7 days; n = 23), and assessment of live counter-poaching and reconnaissance deployments (n = 9). The dog successfully fixed the target in 97 per cent of fresh scent exercises, maintaining covertness in 85 per cent of successful fixes. Success rates declined with increasing track age: 100% at 30 minutes, 75% at 8 hours, 67% at 24 hours, and 33% at 7 days. Increasing heat index was negatively associated with tracking success, with success rates declining from 78 per cent under moderate conditions to 50 per cent under high heat (>34 °C), though this trend was not statistically significant at the sample sizes available (Fisher’s Exact Test, p = 0.53). Live deployments demonstrated the dog’s capacity to detect aged campsites, rest areas and active snares under operational conditions, while also revealing practical constraints around logistics, ranger integration and handler–team coordination. This study provides the first field-based performance benchmark for an operational counter-poaching dog unit in a tropical South-East Asian forest, offering protected area managers an evidence base to guide investment and deployment decisions, and a replicable three-component evaluation framework applicable to other canine programmes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1869216</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1869216</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Coexistence in rivers of hunger: Human–otter relations and “Shamans of the Waters” in an Amazonian socioecological system]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Natalia Camps Pimenta</author><author>Valêncio Walipere Macedo</author><author>Jansen Zuanon</author><author>Hani El Bizri</author><author>Thais Q. Morcatty</author><author>Glenn H. Shepard</author><author>Adrian Paul Ashton Barnett</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Baniwa Indigenous people of the upper Rio Negro refer to otters as “Shamans of the Water,” recognizing them as guardians of fish populations. During the mid-20th century, however, intensive hunting for the global fur trade drove otters to near local extinction. Since international wildlife trade bans in the 1970s, otter populations have rebounded, prompting renewed Baniwa reflections on their relationships with these species. In this study, we integrate Indigenous knowledge with ecological data (e.g., spatial-use patterns of otters and humans and diet analyses from fecal samples) to examine human–otter coexistence within an Amazonian Indigenous socioecological system. We analyze spatial overlap and dietary patterns among Baniwa fishers and two other species: Giant Otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) and Neotropical Otters (Lontra longicaudis). Baniwa fishing is concentrated in blackwater lakes, which are also preferred foraging habitats for Neotropical Otters, whereas Giant Otters show limited spatial overlap with human activities. Dietary analyses reveal clear trophic segregation, with Baniwa targeting mid to large-sized fish species and otters feeding primarily on smaller fish. Coexistence is further maintained through mutual avoidance practices, behavioral adjustments, historical memory, and relational understandings that frame otters as guardians of aquatic environments. Our findings suggest that coexistence is both dynamic and emerges from the interaction of ecological differentiation, Indigenous socioecological practices, and historical processes; also highlight the value of Indigenous knowledge for understanding and supporting human-wildlife coexistence in Amazonia.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1849635</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1849635</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Community perspectives and involvement in biodiversity conservation in Limpopo National Park, Mozambique: a socio-political analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Juvência Yolanda Malate</author><author>Angelo Fierravanti</author><author>Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa</author><author>Arsénio Jorge</author><author>Luís Filipe Gomes Lopes</author><author>Manuel Luís Tibério</author><author>Almeida Alberto Sitoe</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe establishment of strict conservation areas often creates friction between management objectives and the traditional livelihoods of local communities. This study evaluates how restrictions on the traditional use of natural resources have shaped the perceptions and involvement of local communities in the participatory management of Limpopo National Park (LNP) in Mozambique.MethodsThrough the application of questionnaires to 345 households and interviews with key informants, we analysed the sociopolitical dynamics of biodiversity conservation and benefit-sharing. ResultsThe results demonstrate a significant paradox: while residents recognise the ecological value of forests and wildlife, participation in management and decision-making remains critically low. Specifically, we identified that the limited community influence on tourism revenue sharing and stakeholder engagement strategies correlates with negative perceptions of park governance. DiscussionThis study contributes to the literature by providing an integrated socio-ecological analysis of how top-down conservation policies can undermine social agency, even when conservation values are shared. We conclude that the transition to a genuine co-management model that prioritises procedural justice and capacity building is essential for reconciling conservation goals with the rights of communities in African protected areas.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1774412</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1774412</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Wading bird populations respond to fluctuating conditions in a sub-tropical estuary]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Eric D. Stolen</author><author>David R. Breininger</author><author>Timothy J. Kozusko</author><author>Stephanie A. Legare</author><author>M. Rebecca Bolt</author><author>Danny K. Hunt</author><author>Aleena C. Hess</author><author>Tammy E. Foster</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Wading bird populations are a useful tool for monitoring the function of wetlands, which are increasingly under threat throughout the world. The Indian River Lagoon on Florida’s Atlantic coast, a diverse ecosystem supporting numerous threatened and endangered species of plants and animals, is under stress due to expanding human population and sea level rise. Wading bird nest counts and density in foraging habitat on the Kennedy Space Center in the northern portion of the Indian River Lagoon have been monitored since 1987. These data were modeled to identify important environmental factors and to detect trends over time. Nesting by Little Blue Heron, Reddish Egret, Tricolored Heron, and Wood Stork declined. The abundance of most species in impounded wetland foraging habitat increased during winter (December – March), but declined in other seasons for Great Blue Heron, Little Blue Heron, Roseate Spoonbill, Snowy Egret, Tricolored Heron, and Wood Stork. The use of estuarine edge habitat declined for all these species and for Great Egret, and White Ibis, but not for Glossy Ibis. Evidence supported the importance of wetlands with mixtures of vegetated and unvegetated habitat for foraging, especially within 6.5 km of nesting colonies. The amount of vegetated marsh in impounded wetlands on the Kennedy Space Center has declined since 1943, and almost all spoil islands have eroded, some to the point of completely submerging. These trends in wading birds and their habitat are important for planning management of these wetlands.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1864571</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1864571</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Towards harnessing algal and bacterial symbionts for coral restoration across data-limited reef systems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Policy and Practice Reviews</category>
        <author>Salome Chemutai</author><author>Ewout Geerten Knoester</author><author>Sammy Wambua</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The accelerating decline of coral reefs has stimulated restoration strategies that extend beyond the coral host to its symbiotic partners. Reef-building corals are holobionts whose resilience depends on interactions among the host, photosynthetic algae of the Symbiodiniaceae family, and diverse microbial communities. Experimental studies show that thermotolerant algal strains and beneficial microbes can improve coral performance under heat stress in controlled settings, yet these advances have not translated into routine restoration practice. We argue that the main barriers are not biological feasibility but gaps in knowledge and design. Three linked challenges constrain translation: (1) disconnected treatment of algal and bacterial symbionts, (2) insufficient functional validation relative to profiling, and (3) the absence of a clear pathway from discovery to carefully governed deployment under context-dependent conditions, especially in data-limited reef regions. To address these constraints, we propose a staged framework that begins with context-specific profiling, applies mechanistic and ecological criteria to candidate selection, embeds functional validation before mesocosm and nursery trials, and integrates delivery, monitoring, risk assessment, and governance into pilot deployment. A profiling-driven, evidence-based strategy is essential if microbial and algal symbionts are to become prospective restoration tools for coral reef restoration, particularly where resources, baseline data, and regulatory capacity remain limited.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1881229</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1881229</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Eco-affective health: a framework and testable hypotheses for the affective dimensions of human-nature disconnection and reconnection in conservation science]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Hypothesis and Theory</category>
        <author>Lucas Murrins Marques</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Conservation science has made extraordinary progress in documenting the ecological systems we are losing. It has made far less progress in understanding the human affective systems that determine whether those ecological systems will be protected, restored, and sustainably governed over time. This paper introduces Eco-Affective Health as a theoretical framework and proposes six testable hypotheses for understanding the affective dimensions of human-nature disconnection and reconnection in conservation contexts. The framework rests on a foundational reorientation: emotions are not downstream reactions to ecological conditions but constitute the primary regulatory mechanism through which humans perceive, interpret, and respond to the living world. This positioning generates specific, empirically testable predictions about how eco-affective states, including solastalgia, soliphilia, awe, ecological identity, place attachment, and collective efficacy, shape conservation outcomes across individual, community, and governance scales. The framework introduces the solastalgia-soliphilia axis as a diagnostic and enabling tool for conservation monitoring, conceptualizes affective tipping points as analogues to ecological early-warning signals, and proposes the Symbiocene as a health-oriented evaluative horizon for conservation decisions. Three integrated tables map eco-affective constructs to testable predictions, formalize six falsifiable hypotheses, and translate the framework into a proposed expansion of conservation monitoring systems. The paper argues that the social feasibility of conservation outcomes, the durability of stewardship across populations, and the legitimacy of conservation governance all depend fundamentally on affective infrastructure that conservation science currently lacks the conceptual tools to measure, design for, or predict. Addressing this gap is not a theoretical nicety. It is a prerequisite for conservation science adequate to the scale of the biodiversity crisis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1764328</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1764328</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Aggressive encounters with large mammals vary by recreational activity type in Canadian national parks]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Holly Landles</author><author>Shashank Balakrishna</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Human-wildlife conflict is increasing globally, and within national parks, human interactions with wildlife represent a growing barrier to conservation. Encounters with wildlife during recreational activities in national parks can provoke aggressive behaviour, resulting in interactions that inhibit conservation goals by fostering negative public perceptions and imposing energetic costs for the wildlife involved. However, whether specific recreational activities, species, and a combination of both recreational activities and species are associated with higher frequencies of aggressive encounters remains understudied. This study investigated how recreational activities influence the frequency of aggressive human-wildlife interactions of five large mammal species in Canadian national parks. A generalised linear mixed model with negative binomial distribution and log link function was used to analyse the effect of recreational activity type, species, and species-recreational activity interaction on the frequency of aggressive encounters. We found that recreational activity type and species significantly alter the frequency of aggressive encounters. Low impact activities, such as hiking and running, were associated with significantly more aggressive encounters regardless of species involved, despite their presumed minimal ecological footprint. Of the five species, elk exhibited the highest frequency of aggressive encounters regardless of recreational activity. Species-recreational activity interaction effects showed aggressive encounters vary significantly depending on specific combinations. Notably, aggressive grizzly bear encounters were more frequent during low impact activities while aggressive mule deer and coyote encounters were less frequent during almost all recreational activities. These findings show that large mammals exhibit species-specific risk perception, with subsequent aggressive behaviour varying by recreational activity type. Our results suggest that national parks should target high-risk recreational activity-species interactions to effectively mitigate aggressive encounters, thereby promoting wildlife health and visitor safety, and supporting biodiversity conservation.]]></description>
      </item>
      </channel>
    </rss>