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        <title>Frontiers in Conservation Science | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/conservation-science</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Conservation Science | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-04-10T05:59:09.163+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1799392</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1799392</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of habitat fragmentation on species richness and community composition of medium- and large-sized mammals in sugarcane-dominated Cerrado landscapes, southwestern Goiás, Brazil]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Camilla Angélica de Lima</author><author>Emilly Nogueira Alves</author><author>Wellington Hannibal</author><author>Ednaldo Cândido Rocha</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Cerrado ecodomain has experienced significant fragmentation and habitat loss, primarily due to agricultural expansion and, more recently, the rapid increase in sugarcane cultivation. This study examines how landscape composition and configuration affect the richness and community composition of medium- and large-sized mammals in southwestern Goiás, Brazil, a region extensively modified by sugarcane agriculture. From 2013 to 2019, mammal species were recorded using camera traps installed in remnant vegetation fragments. Landscape structure was characterized through visual classification of land use and land cover within seven 2-km-radius buffers around sampling sites. A total of 23 medium- and large-sized mammal species were recorded. Landscape metrics—total area of native habitat remnants, mean Euclidean distance between the nearest native remnants, and distance from each landscape to the boundary of Emas National Park—explained a high proportion of variation in species richness (90.1%) and species composition (85.5%). Species richness increased with habitat amount and decreased with fragment isolation, while species composition was mainly influenced by inter-fragment distance and proximity to the protected area. These results indicate that mammal assemblages are highly sensitive to landscape composition, configuration, and habitat isolation. The effects of sugarcane cultivation extend beyond reductions in species richness, also reshaping community structure and potentially favoring generalist and disturbance-tolerant species.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1762380</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1762380</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Reframing human–elephant conflict in India through context-dependent coexistence strategies]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ramesh Kumar Pandey</author><author>Dheeraj Mittal</author><author>Aju Mathew George</author><author>Gaurav Sirola</author><author>Parag Nigam</author><author>Anukul Nath</author><author>Bilal Habib</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Human–Elephant Conflict (HEC) has escalated into one of India's most serious conservation and socio-economic challenges, with high costs for both people and elephants. We examined national-level trends in HEC from 2009 to 2024 and evaluated the effectiveness of current policies in mitigating it. Over the past 16 years, a total of 7,868 human fatalities were recorded from elephant encounters, averaging nearly 500 deaths annually. Notably, four states, Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Assam, accounted for almost 70% of these incidents, underscoring their status as critical conflict hotspots. During the same period, 1,653 elephants died from anthropogenic causes, with electrocution, train collisions, poaching, and poisoning emerging as the most persistent threats. Together, these figures highlight the scale and urgency of addressing HEC in India, which supports over 60% of the global wild Asian elephant population. Our study also evaluated the effectiveness of India’s current mitigation measures by combining mortality data analysis with perception surveys of 428 stakeholders, including Forest Department managers, researchers, and NGOs across 33 Elephant Reserves and elephant range states. Findings revealed that solar-powered fences and mobile-based early warning systems were widely regarded as effective, particularly in fragmented landscapes. In contrast, structural barriers such as trenches and concrete walls were perceived as costly, difficult to maintain, and less effective in the long term. Compensation schemes, although critical, were undermined by delays, inadequate rates, and procedural hurdles that erode community trust. Rapid Response Teams were valued for their role in conflict management but remain constrained by insufficient training, workforce, and resources. Overall, India's HEC policy framework remains fragmented, with generalized strategies unable to capture the ecological heterogeneity and socio-political diversity of elephant landscapes. Addressing these challenges requires decentralization, regionally tailored interventions, streamlined compensation systems, and stronger community participation. Embedding mitigation into broader land-use planning, ecological restoration, and corridor connectivity is equally critical. Implementing adaptive, participatory, and technology-driven strategies can help India minimize human and elephant mortality while enabling long-term coexistence.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1603626</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1603626</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of mountain lion predation on reducing feral horse population growth rates: panacea or pipedream?]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>David C. Stoner</author><author>Brian Folt</author><author>Kathryn A. Schoenecker</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A goal of applied ecology is to evaluate how demographic rates contribute to population growth and how demography might be manipulated to achieve management objectives. In western North America, many feral horse (Equus caballus) populations occupying public lands are protected by federal law and managed for site-specific numerical targets. However, feral horses can exhibit population growth rates exceeding 20% per yr, which can lead to overpopulation, and therefore conflict with other permitted land uses. In response, some stakeholder groups have advocated for natural solutions to the problem of rapid growth and overabundance. Mountain lion (Puma concolor) predation has been hypothesized to have suppressive effects on horse population growth rates under some conditions. Here, we evaluated the degree to which this phenomenon might reduce feral horse growth rates using elasticity analysis, scenario analysis with simulations, and an empirical state-space model for a horse population in southeastern Nevada subject to chronic predation. Age-specific elasticities revealed that annual population growth rates (λ) were more sensitive to perturbations in foal and yearling survival rates than for older age-classes. This finding, in conjunction with empirical measures indicating that foals comprised approximately 60% of horses killed by mountain lions, suggests that predation may have greater potential to reduce horse population growth rates than previously recognized. Scenario analysis predicted that horse populations could decrease to target levels within 10 years if predation reduced: (1) annual foal survival by 80% each year, or (2) annual survival rates of foals, yearlings, and 2-year olds by >60%. The state-space model indicated that the heavily predated Nevada horse population experienced positive population growth during 2022 and 2023 (λ = 1.07, both years). Using information on known predation-caused mortalities from 2020–2021, our model predicted that population growth rate in the absence of predation (‘predicted λ’) would have been approximately twice as high (predicted λ2020 = 1.14; predicted λ2021 = 1.14 in 2021). Taken together, our results suggest that predation is unlikely to singularly induce stable or negative population growth of feral horses. That said, our findings suggest two aspects of predation that may benefit resource managers. First, chronic predation may reduce λ, thereby increasing the time required for populations to either recover from declines, or exceed management objectives; and second, predation may be most effective in achieving management objectives for horse populations when combined with other interventions, such as removals or fertility control treatments.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1746026</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1746026</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Investigating the potential of RFID in identifying individual white-tailed deer for PZP immunocontraceptive programs]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kali Pereira</author><author>Allen Rutberg</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionIdentifying individual white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for treatment with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines is critical to the success of fertility management programs, but adult female deer are very difficult to distinguish in the field. Past research has relied on chemical immobilization and ear-tagging to assure individual identification, but this approach is more technically challenging, time-consuming, costly, and stressful to animals and field personnel than is remote darting with PZP.MethodsTo explore the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) as an alternative to permanently identify deer, we captured, ear-tagged, and implanted 52 wild deer with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and deployed 3 fixed tag-reader stations in a nature reserve in Head of the Harbor, NY. Motion-sensor cameras were used to confirm the presence, location, and identity of PIT-tagged deer.ResultsResults showed that tag reader stations consistently read the PIT tags in tagged deer within 0.6 to 1.2 meters of the apparatus, and that tags remained readable multiple years after implantation.DiscussionRFID’s may be a viable strategy for remote identification of individual deer. Developing a single dart that delivers both a PIT tag and the fertility control agent would significantly improve the animal’s experience as well as the feasibility and cost effectiveness of immunocontraception programs.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1746027</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1746027</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Personality and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations are associated with post-release fitness in translocated swift foxes (Vulpes velox)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kimberly R. Todd</author><author>Elizabeth W. Freeman</author><author>Hila Shamon</author><author>Dana L. Nelson</author><author>Jessica Alexander</author><author>William J. McShea</author><author>Melissa Songer</author><author>Tevin Messerly</author><author>Steve Paris</author><author>Nucharin Songsasen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Conservation translocations can promote species recovery but are prone to failure due to low post-release survival. Mounting evidence suggests that intrinsic attributes like personality and stress physiology can impact how individuals cope with translocation and acclimatize to the release site. Here, we investigated relationships among personality, biomarkers of stress, post-release movement, and survival using a recent swift fox (Vulpes velox) reintroduction program as a case study. We scored pre-release behavioral responses to handling and collected fecal samples (n = 329) from 76 foxes translocated from three wild populations across Colorado and Wyoming to the Fort Belknap Reservation, Montana, in 2021-2022. Our behavioral assessments measured the degree to which foxes were proactive (i.e., active, risk-taking, less docile) or reactive (i.e., inactive, risk-averse, more docile). We quantified fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGM) concentrations for the first time in swift foxes and monitored foxes’ post-release movements and survival using GPS data. Generalized linear models indicated that foxes with the lowest and highest fGM concentrations were more reactive during handling. Further, foxes with higher fGM concentrations around the time of capture traveled greater cumulative distances post-release. Personality had a non-linear effect on survival such that foxes with the most proactive and reactive behaviors during handling were more likely to survive in the first 60 days post-release. Ultimately, release cohorts comprising an array of individual temperaments may best cope with the novelty of the release site through behaviorally mediated resource partitioning and risk avoidance.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1738537</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1738537</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Establishing enzyme immunoassays for quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in six southern African rodents using biological and physiological stimuli]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mmatsawela Ramahlo</author><author>Michael J. Somers</author><author>Daniel W. Hart</author><author>André Ganswindt</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGlobal landscape transformations and increased resource use are leading to an overall decline in ecosystem health and natural habitat quality. Due to their low trophic position, small body size, and close association with environmental conditions, rodents can serve as effective biological indicators of ecosystem health and anthropogenic disturbance by monitoring their behavior and physiology, specifically stress-related endocrine responses. This study aimed to establish minimally invasive methods for quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) in six southern African rodent species (Aethomys ineptus, Lemniscomys rosalia, Mastomys coucha, Micaelamys namaquensis, Otomys angoniensis, and Steatomys pratensis).MethodsWhere possible, one male and one female from each species were live trapped in the Magaliesberg Biosphere, North West province, South Africa, and individually housed on-site for enzyme immunoassay (EIA) validation experiments. Biological (handling and temporary removal from enclosure) and physiological (Synacthen-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH challenge test) stimuli were administered, and fGCM concentrations were determined from samples collected before, during, and after each intervention.Results and discussionA 5α-pregnane-3β,11β,21-triol-20-one EIA (detecting fGCMs with a 5α-3β, 11β-diol structure) was identified as the most suitable assay across all six species assessed. Two additional EIAs appear suitable for some of the species tested: Oxoetiocholanolone II, measuring fGCMs with a 5β-3α-ol-11-one structure (A. ineptus, O. angoniensis, and S. pratensis); and a Corticosterone EIA (M. coucha, O. angoniensis, and S. pratensis). Establishing and validating minimally invasive techniques for monitoring stress-related animal responses in rodents can be beneficial for evaluating the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on natural environments and their associated fauna.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1699294</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1699294</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Human–giraffe conflict in eastern Kenya: local interactions, attitudes, perceived risks, and pathways to coexistence]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Abdullahi H. Ali</author><author>Edwin L. Sangale</author><author>Mohamed H. Ali</author><author>Adam T. Ford</author><author>Carly C. Sponarski</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGiraffe populations across Africa face increasing pressures from habitat loss, poaching, and climate-driven resource scarcity, often intensifying interactions with nearby communities. In eastern Kenya, these pressures have contributed to emerging human–giraffe conflict (HGC), including crop losses, competition for water, and occasional livestock injuries. Although this reticulated giraffes play an important ecosystem role in the African savanna and the socio-economic well-being of African communities, their interactions with people, and how communities perceive and navigate HGC especially in non-tourism regions remains understudied.MethodsTo address this gap, we conducted 400 structured interviews with households around Bour-Algy Giraffe Sanctuary to assess local interactions with giraffes, attitudes, perceived risks, conflict drivers and preferred strategies for coexistence.ResultsOn average, respondents generally possessed positive attitudes towards giraffes and, on average, respondents did not see giraffes as a risk: to personal or children’s safety, of disease transfer, to cattle productivity, or the integrity of the land. Risk perception even decreased if a respondent had encountered a giraffe. Interestingly, giraffes were perceived not to cause damage to land or other property by 59% of participants thus highlighting that it may be possible to promote co-existence in the region for a majority of people. Competition for water, lack of awareness on giraffe ecology, giraffe habitat encroachment, and poverty were raised as the four main cause of conflict. Respondents supported the use of fire, torches, and dogs as way to deter giraffes from farms.DiscussionOur findings reveal a landscape where conflict exists but remains manageable, and where strong community support for giraffe presence provides a foundation for conflict transformation. Because of the proximity of giraffes to farms and homesteads, economic activities such as agriculture and cultural tourism, women-led acacia tree nurseries, invasive prosopis control and utilization along with opening up water corridors may motivate communities and minimize HGC. Our work provides a basis for action by the community and policy makers to promote giraffe-farmer co-existence in eastern Kenya.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1685438</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1685438</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Environmental and demographic risk factors for respiratory illness in endangered wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Rwanda]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Kirsten V. K. Gilardi</author><author>Brooke N. Genovese</author><author>Laurie A. Harris</author><author>Michael Cranfield</author><author>Jean Bosco Noheri</author><author>Antoine Mudakikwa</author><author>Dawn Zimmerman</author><author>Jean Felix Kinani</author><author>Methode Bahizi</author><author>Tierra Smiley Evans</author><author>Tracey Goldstein</author><author>Jonna A. K. Mazet</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases are an important health consideration for free ranging great apes, and respiratory illness (RI) is of particular concern in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), accounting for 25% all of mortalities. In addition to ongoing efforts to determine the etiology of RI in mountain gorillas, an improved understanding of environmental and demographic risk factors for the development of RI is critical for informing a disease prevention strategy for this species. To evaluate potential risk factors for RI, data were compiled from medical and life history records on free-ranging human-habituated mountain gorillas in Rwanda over a 7-year period from December 2005-December 2012. Associations between demographic, environmental and management risk factors and the presence of signs of clinical RI were evaluated using a multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model. Clinical records from 21 habituated gorilla family groups, including 346 individuals, were included in analyses. Seventy-one percent of groups (n=15/21 gorilla groups) and 55% of individuals (n=192/346 gorillas) experienced at least one RI event. Rainy season (odds ratio [OR]=2.30, 95% CI = 1.74-3.03, P-value<0.001) and group size (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.11-1.18, P-value<0.001) were associated with increased odds of RI in mountain gorillas, and there was a significant trend of increasing odds of RI with increasing group size for groups larger than 16 individuals and a more than 3-fold increase in odds of RI for groups larger than 38 individuals compared to groups of ten or less.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1688950</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1688950</link>
        <title><![CDATA[American bison kill site use and abandonment amid drought and cultural shifts in late Holocene Montana]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>John A. F. Wendt</author><author>Michael Neeley</author><author>Mio Alt</author><author>Stephanie A. Ewing</author><author>Georgianna S. Fischer</author><author>David B. McWethy</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Understanding how ecological and social constraints interacted to shape bison hunting systems during the late Holocene reveals the dynamic ways bison hunting strategies adapted to changing conditions. At the Bergstrom site in central Montana, bison were hunted intermittently for roughly seven centuries before archaeologically visible use ceased near 1100 cal yr BP. To explain why hunting stopped despite continued regional bison presence, we integrate archaeological excavation, radiocarbon chronology, and multiproxy riparian paleoecology (pollen, charcoal, coprophilous fungal spores) with regional drought reconstructions and analysis of radiocarbon-dated bison occurrences. Local environmental proxies show stable vegetation, low fire activity, and persistent large-herbivore indicators after abandonment, providing little support for ecological transformation as a cause. Regional synthesis reveals that archaeological bison frequencies increased 5.5-fold through the Holocene while paleontological frequencies remained stable, with peak hunting intensity coinciding with severe, multi-decadal droughts. These findings contradict models of population tracking and indicate that hunting reorganization, not prey scarcity, led to site abandonment. The most parsimonious explanation is convergence of constraints: drought reduced processing water at hydrologically marginal sites while rising organizational demands favored larger, infrastructure-intensive communal operations. The abandonment of the small Bergstrom site likely reflects an adaptive reorganization of bison hunting efforts toward larger, topographically advantageous sites better suited to increasingly coordinated communal hunting systems. This case study illustrates how historical hunting systems maintained regional persistence through episodic site use and localized abandonment, providing empirical guidance for contemporary managers seeking to restore the spatial heterogeneity and adaptive capacity that supported bison-human systems under climatic variability.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1792971</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1792971</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Restoration genetics and genomics]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Arne Ludwig</author><author>Daniel W. Foerster</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1751415</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1751415</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Wild ungulate use of underpasses: tunnel length and availability of crossing opportunity matters]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Marcus Elfström</author><author>Emma Håkansson</author><author>Jan Olof Helldin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Underpasses have a fundamental potential in mitigating infrastructure barriers for wildlife, considering that they are a relatively common feature across traffic networks. Increasing our understanding of the functionality of the different designs and localities of underpasses is therefore crucial within infrastructure planning and management. We analyzed crossing probability, based on movement-triggered automatic cameras, in moose (Alces alces) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), common wild ungulates in Scandinavia, in relation to underpasses with different designs and localities. We analyzed the design through passage width, height, and length, including different combinations of these size dimensions. We also categorized underpasses into three size levels considering all dimensions. We included the nearest distance to the alternative crossing site while controlling for season, group size, and whether wildlife visits occurred during daytime or nighttime. We compared 797 visits by moose across nine underpasses and 1,433 visits by roe deer across 13 underpasses. Increasing tunnel length lowered the crossing probability in both moose and roe deer. Tunnel length not exceeding 16.5 m had a crossing probability above 50% in moose, whereas tunnel length not exceeding 12.0 m had a crossing probability above 50% in roe deer. However, we found no correlation between crossing probability and passage width and height. Tunnel length may describe a perceived narrowness more efficiently than other size dimensions. In roe deer, crossing probability increased when alternative crossing sites were situated further away, whereas moose showed a tendency toward the same pattern. Nearest distances to alternative crossing sites farther away than 1,150 m were related to more than 50% probability of roe deer visits resulting in crossing through underpasses. Thus, we conclude that tunnel length (ranging from 7.0 to 39.0 m) and nearness to alternative sites to cross seem to be more important factors than other size dimensions among underpasses (with passage width ranging from 2.8 to 42.0 m and passage height ranging from 2.0 to 10.2 m) to explain crossing probability in wild ungulates. The impact on crossing probability from the availability of other crossing sites stresses the importance of securing crossing opportunities along infrastructure barriers at the home range scale of focal species.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1687551</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2026.1687551</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Captivity may broadly impede bison ecological function: space, season, and management]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Robert Ritson</author><author>Justin M. Shannon</author><author>Kent R. Hersey</author><author>Kathryn A. Schoenecker</author><author>Kyran Kunkel</author><author>Daniel Kinka</author><author>Donald Beard</author><author>Dustin H. Ranglack</author>
        <description><![CDATA[American bison (Bos bison) were spared from numerical extinction but considered to be ecologically extinct, partially due to spatial restrictions in their former range. A key component of the ecological function of bison is their ability to adjust their spatial behaviors at multiple scales to match the seasonal distributions and availability of resources. To understand how management influences the amount and seasonality of space bison use at various scales, we estimated home range using autocorrelated kernel density estimators (95% utilization distribution) and foraging patch size by the maximum variance in first-passage time at four temporal scales (annual, growing, nongrowing, and focal seasons) for two free-ranging and three captive bison herds. The seasonal differences in space-use within management regimes and study areas were treated as nonparametric related measures while differences amongst management regimes and study areas were treated as nonparametric independent measures. Seasonal variations in space-use were detected in both management regimes, but only free-range bison depicted this pattern at the larger home range scale (p < 0.001). Free-range bison had significantly larger home ranges across seasons compared to captive bison (p < 0.001), but captive bison had larger foraging patch sizes during the growing season than free-range bison. Study areas with captive bison did not differ in their amount of space-use at any scale or season (p > 0.05). The strongest differences were apparent among study herds in annual home range size (p < 0.001) and growing season foraging patch size (p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that captivity likely prevents bison from using their available landscape seasonally at broad scales, which could have ecological consequences for this historically nomadic herbivore. Although sociopolitical realities prevent bison restoration at a continental scale, increasing the amount of space available to bison where possible has the potential to replicate previous ecological processes. Further research can evaluate the influence of local environmental conditions on seasonality of bison space-use and can assess effects of scale on the ecological impacts of bison.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1688838</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1688838</link>
        <title><![CDATA[River transition: a Costa Rica and Honduras comparative analysis of water quality and community management stages in river basins]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nuria Navarro</author><author>Andrea Suárez-Serrano</author><author>Christian Golcher</author><author>Pablo Flores</author><author>Pablo Martínez de Anguita</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This article explores the potential existence of a conceptual “River Transition Curve” model in water quality and community-based river management, using Costa Rica and Honduras as case studies. It draws parallels to the well-established Forest Transition Curve, which describes how forest cover changes over socio-economic development stages: initial deforestation, stabilization, and eventual reforestation. It is proposed that a similar pattern may exist for rivers, linking water quality and river health to economic development and land use change. Therefore, understanding the temporal evolution of rivers, comparable to forest transitions, could inform more effective watershed management policies. In the context of Central America, rivers face significant degradation due to pollution, overexploitation, deforestation, climate change, and infrastructure modifications like channelization. This study characterized water quality in the Liberia River (Costa Rica) and Tela watersheds (Honduras), identifying key management challenges. Furthermore, it conducted citizen perception sounding surveys on water management and held water education workshops in schools and communities within these watersheds. The results indicated chronic fecal contamination in all rivers studied in Honduras and Costa Rica, extending to coastal zones. This finding underscores the need for enhanced wastewater infrastructure management and stricter enforcement of water quality standards to protect environmental and community health. Surveys and workshops suggested that targeted water education significantly enhances community knowledge and empowerment, which are critical drivers for improved participatory water governance. Rather than proposing direct policy prescriptions, this study offers conceptual and empirical insights to inform future policy development and support more integrated and sustainable water governance in the region. It also highlights the need for further validation of the proposed river transition curve and emphasizes the importance of community engagement and water education for the protection of river ecosystems in Central America.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1645471</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1645471</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Keystone management species under the Endangered Species Act can promote ecosystem-based management]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Policy and Practice Reviews</category>
        <author>Sean A. Hayes</author><author>Joe Roman</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Human activities such as land conversion and resource consumption can cause species declines, which in the United States can result in listing for protection and recovery under the Endangered Species Act. Often highly charismatic species, such as bald eagles, grizzly bears, Pacific salmon, and North Atlantic right whales, get linked to human activity and social conflict emerges. This conflict can drive significant investment in a species’ recovery, including the suspension or alteration of multiple human activities, particularly when the species’ needs overlap with human activities such as food production, water management, and energy extraction. Analogous to keystone species, which directly influence their ecosystem through biological activity, we define these endangered and threatened species as keystone management species (KMS), because they prompt people to alter or undo their impacts on ecosystems through management activities that might not occur without that species’ charisma or social value. The phenomenon of these KMS under the ESA appears to be single species management at a surface level, but it is much more complex, often with cascading benefits to other species, while also increasing coordination across multiple sectors, resulting in ecosystem-based management. We review several case studies including the bald eagle’s emergence as one of the first KMS, following its dramatic recovery after the banning of DDT and widespread reintroduction projects; Pacific salmon’s influence on western land and water management and hydropower; the grizzly bear’s influence on western land and community waste management; and the North Atlantic right whale’s current influence on commercial fisheries and shipping and emerging influence on offshore aquaculture, marine renewable energy, and other marine activities.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1634211</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1634211</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Barriers and facilitators of behavior change for the sustainable harvesting of Sphagnum magellanicum moss in southern Chile]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Eduardo Leiva-Pinto</author><author>Cecilia Alarcón</author><author>Viviana Tartakowsky</author><author>Manuela Zúñiga</author><author>Alfonso Benítez-Mora</author><author>Jaime Herrera</author><author>Carolina A. León</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This article addresses the critical global challenge of promoting sustainable practices for the use of renewable natural resources. In this research this is studied by analyzing the barriers and facilitators of behavior change in the sustainable harvesting of Sphagnum magellanicum moss in the Los Lagos Region of Chile. This study fills a significant knowledge gap by exploring how to design and implement interventions that enhance individual and collective capability to manage resources. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research draws on two complementary theoretical frameworks: Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model and Michie’s Behavior Change Wheel (COM-B system). The findings reveal emergent categories within the COM-B framework, highlighting specific barriers and facilitators to the adoption of pro-environmental behaviors. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the intricate interplay between these factors and the hierarchical systems of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model. This research provides practical information for policy makers and practitioners seeking to foster sustainable behaviors, contributing to global efforts in environmental conservation, and sustainable resource management.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1708398</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1708398</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Exploring the acceptability of wildlife tourism joint ventures in wildlife management areas, Northern Tanzania]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Salum R. Kulunge</author><author>Sayuni Mariki</author><author>Dilys Roe</author><author>Susan (Sue) Snyman</author><author>Amy Dickman</author><author>Lovemore Sibanda</author><author>Darragh Hare</author><author>Nsajigwa Mbije</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposeThis study investigates the acceptability of wildlife tourism joint ventures (JVs) among rural communities in northern Tanzania’s Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs). These partnerships between communities and external investors aim to conserve biodiversity and deliver sustainable socioeconomic benefits. Guided by the Cognitive Hierarch Model (CHM), the research examines how values, beliefs and contextual experiences shape community judgements of JVs.MethodsWe employed a mixed-methods approach, including household surveys with 548 respondents across nine villages (three from each of the Burunge, Enduimet and Randilen WMAs) and 20 Key Informant Interviews. The surveys captured respondents’ perceptions of JV benefits, conservation-related factors and demographic information, while key informant interviews provided deeper contextual perspectives on wildlife tourism partnerships. We analyzed the quantitative data using an ordinal cumulative link mixed model and applied thematic analysis to the qualitative data to determine the acceptability of JVs in WMAs.ResultsWe found that community acceptability of JVs is positively influenced by perceived socio-economic benefits, including financial opportunities, support for public infrastructure, access to employment in tourism facilities and support for local microenterprises. However, limited recognition or awareness of investor contributions to wildlife protection can reduce community willingness to accept and support JVs. Education and positive expectations of tourism growth further enhance acceptability, while negative experiences related to conservation foster skepticism. Observed variations across WMAs and among households highlight the need for place-based governance and locally tailored approaches to ensure that JV outcomes align with community priorities.Discussion/originalityThis study offers a novel application of CHM to the context of wildlife tourism, moving beyond socioeconomic impact assessments to explore psychological and contextual drivers of community acceptability of JVs. Our findings inform policy, conservation and investment strategies aimed at fostering household-level engagement strategies that can ensure equitable access to benefits, strengthen trust and sustainable wildlife tourism JVs, with implications for enhancing rural community participation, economic growth and conservation outcomes.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1551060</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1551060</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Vitamin E and selenium concentrations of wild donkeys and their diets in the extreme desert ecosystem of Death Valley, California, versus captive donkeys]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sara Jerele</author><author>Karyn Bischoff</author><author>Erick J. Lundgren</author><author>Janet Foley</author><author>Erin L. Goodrich</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionVitamin E and selenium are vital micronutrients that play key roles in metabolic functions and antioxidant defense, directly influencing equid health. There are no published reference intervals for concentrations of these micronutrients in healthy donkeys. Methods: We compared serum vitamin E and whole blood selenium concentrations in wild, recently captured donkeys with concentrations in donkeys who had been managed in captivity for at least half a year at the time the blood was drawn. In addition, we assessed hematology and serum biochemistry parameters of a subset of the donkeys. We also indirectly analyzed the diet of wild donkey herds using next-generation sequencing of fecal samples. Our last goal was to establish reference intervals for vitamin E and selenium concentrations in wild and rescued donkeys. To do so, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 113 donkeys from Saline Valley and Butte Valley in Death Valley National Park (DVNP), and captive donkeys from Davis, CA, and San Angelo, TX.ResultsWild donkeys had significantly higher vitamin E concentrations (p < 0.001, difference = 180 μg/dL, CI = 132-228 μg/dL, Tukey multiple comparisons of means test). Captive donkeys, however, had significantly higher selenium concentrations (p < 0.001, difference = 4.97 μg/dL, 95% CI = 3.51-6.43 μg/dL, Tukey multiple comparisons of means test), particularly compared to the wild ones from the Butte Valley population. Reference intervals were established for these micronutrients in wild donkeys. The vitamin E reference range for wild female donkeys was 211-754 μg/dL and for wild male donkeys was 164-780 μg/dL; the selenium reference range for wild female donkeys was 8-21 μg/dL and for wild male donkeys was 12-26 μg/dL. The fecal analysis found a mixed feeding behavior in the wild donkeys, with both grazing and browsing elements, which may explain the relatively high concentrations of these nutrients.DiscussionThis study characterizes the dynamics of vitamin E and selenium concentrations in wild donkeys from Death Valley compared to captive populations, establishing species-specific reference intervals to enhance their management.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1689030</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1689030</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Limited effects of oral drench of mineral supplement for treating Mycoplasma bovis in mixed-sex bison (Bison bison) yearlings]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jeff M. Martin</author><author>Carter G. Kruse</author><author>Tom K. Bragg</author><author>Philip M. Urso</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Trace minerals found in the diet are essential for animal health, but the role of mineral supplementation in maintaining bison health or boosting immune response is relatively unknown. This study evaluated the impact of an oral drench supplement containing Co, Cu, Se, and Zn—minerals associated with immune function—in reducing mortality and maintaining health in response to a Mycoplasma bovis outbreak in yearling bison. A total of 1,295 mixed-sex, non-reproductive yearlings were studied, with 464 receiving the supplement and 831 serving as controls. Mortality totaled 238 individuals (18.4%), with no statistically significant difference between groups (Pearson’s χ² test, p>0.05), indicating supplement ineffectiveness. Blood analysis confirmed no change in mineral status, suggesting that the supplement formulation, intended for cattle, may not meet bison-specific requirements. Water quality analysis of water sources used in the study revealed elevated Fe and manganese levels, but other mineral imbalances were not evident. Growth rates and final weights did not differ significantly between treatment and control groups, although males consistently outweighed females. Parasitological analyses showed minor differences in gastrointestinal nematode burdens, with no apparent link to supplementation or mortality. Serology results indicated significant differences but were likely of limited biological relevance. Finally, the study highlighted the potential implications of frequent bison handling for research or other purposes, which may increase stress and disease susceptibility. These findings underscore the need for bison-specific mineral information, as well as diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies to improve health management in this species.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1698619</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1698619</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Unveiling a legacy of fish introductions to mountain lakes using historical records and eDNA surveys in a National Park]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Samuel J. Brenkman</author><author>Jeffrey J. Duda</author><author>Rebecca M. McCaffery</author><author>Katie E. Kierczynski</author><author>Marshal S. Hoy</author><author>Trevor J. Kumec</author><author>William Baccus</author><author>Caren S. Goldberg</author><author>Carl O. Ostberg</author><author>Steven C. Fradkin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Across the western United States, introductions of non-native fish into historically fishless mountain lakes have impacted native biota. Understanding the impacts of fish introductions is essential for conservation in Olympic National Park, a Biosphere Reserve. We reconstructed fish plantings using records dating back to 1930, followed by environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys to estimate the current distribution of fish and amphibians in 117 remote mountain lakes. We used Bayesian multiscale occupancy models to determine how lake attributes and planting history related to fish and amphibian occupancy. The most frequently detected species were Brook Trout, Rainbow Trout, Cascades Frog, and Northwestern Salamander. eDNA sampling revealed 52 lakes with amphibians only, 45 with fish and amphibians, 14 with fish only, and 6 unoccupied. Of the 53 lakes with planting records, 38 had fish eDNA detected. Fish eDNA was also detected in 21 lakes lacking planting records, which could reflect incomplete records, unauthorized plantings, and false positive detections. Of the three species planted, Cutthroat Trout had the highest failure rate and did not become established in 23 of 28 historically planted lakes. In a subset of 9 lakes sampled for up to 7 years, those with known fish and amphibian presence showed consistent eDNA detections over time. The number of times a lake was stocked was the best predictor of occupancy for Brook and Rainbow trout, while higher occupancy for Brook Trout was also associated with lower elevations, lower solar radiation, and larger lake area. We did not observe widespread negative associations between amphibian occupancy and fish presence, although there was a negative relationship between fish presence and Rough-skinned Newt and Long-toed Salamander occupancy. Cascades Frog occupancy showed no relationship to fish presence or lake traits. Our results suggest mechanisms of fish persistence over time and highlight areas where native amphibians are impacted by introduced fish. These results can guide management options like targeted fish removals that benefit native fauna while still supporting recreational fishing. More broadly, our work demonstrates the value of combining historical records with contemporary surveys and the utility of eDNA for broad-scale surveys of species distribution in remote wilderness areas.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1640741</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1640741</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Satellite -telemetry and mass communication based early warning system for human-elephant coexistence in Southern India’s agroforestry landscapes]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Community Case Study</category>
        <author>Sanath K. Muliya</author><author>Vishnupriya Kolipakam</author><author>Ramesh K. Pandey</author><author>Souritra Sharma</author><author>Kumar Pushkar</author><author>Thammaiah C. Kuttappa</author><author>Chethan C. Manjunath</author><author>Uddalak T. Bindhani</author><author>Lallianpuii Kawlni</author><author>Virendra R. Tiwari</author><author>Qamar Qureshi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Elephants, vital to India’s ecological and cultural fabric, now navigate increasingly fragmented habitats, rising incidence of negative interactions with humans. This has resulted in substantial casualties on both sides, with India reporting over 500 human deaths and approximately 100 elephant fatalities from retaliatory killings annually. Long-term solutions to mitigate human-elephant conflict include enhancing habitat quality and connectivity, restoring historic migratory routes, and protecting existing elephant corridors while establishing new ones where necessary. However, implementing such extensive habitat modifications presents significant challenges due to complex political, societal, and economic factors. This necessitates interim measures to manage conflicts within tolerable levels until comprehensive long-term solutions can be achieved. Here, we reflect upon a sustainable coexistence case study by leveraging technological advancements in satellite telemetry and mass communication within a landscape that supports the single largest population of Asian elephants globally. This integrated strategy combines adaptive management with active engagement of affected local communities, who collaborate with rapid response teams and wildlife managers to monitor and respond to elephant movements, ensuring that conservation efforts are locally grounded and socially acceptable. Such an approach offers potential to ensure the long-term persistence of this flagship species while balancing ecological and human needs.]]></description>
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