<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <rss version="2.0">
      <channel xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
        <title>Frontiers in Conservation Science | Plant Conservation section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/conservation-science/sections/plant-conservation</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Plant Conservation section in the Frontiers in Conservation Science journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-05-14T21:03:11.338+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1730419</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1730419</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of the coastal salt gradient on the removal of the invasive clonal plants Carpobrotus sp. pl. (Aizoaceae) in a Mediterranean dune ecosystem]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Alfredo Maccioni</author><author>Simone Dessena</author><author>Samuele Morittu</author><author>Bachisio Mario Padedda</author><author>Emmanuele Farris</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Invasive alien species represent an increasing threat to biodiversity conservation at both the species and ecosystem levels. Damages caused by invasive alien plants are more impactful when acting in areas of particular concentration of endemic species, such as biodiversity hotspots. In the Mediterranean Basin, one of the global biodiversity hotspots, the effects of alien plant invasions are well studied, especially in coastal environments. However, a lack of investigation on the effect of the coastal salt gradient on the interactions between native and alien plants seems to exist. Here, we explored the impact of the eradication of the invasive clonal plants referred to as Carpobrotus sp. pl. on vascular plant richness and diversity along a salinity coastal gradient in a dune system located in northern Sardinia (Italy). In the study area, we established three belts from the sea, each 50 m deep: at each belt, we eradicated Carpobrotus sp. pl. in 10 1 × 1 m plots; another 10 plots were controls with high coverage of Carpobrotus sp. pl., and another 10 plots were controls without Carpobrotus sp. pl. Since it was already demonstrated that soil salinity in dunes is negligible, we also measured sea aerosol salinity at each belt. We found that aerosol salinity was 0.0322 mg/cm2/day, corresponding to 1,174 kg/ha/year. In this paper, we show that belt was always a highly significant factor in all analyses we carried out, meaning that there were significant differences among the three belts for all the response variables investigated (bare soil and vegetation cover, number of species m−2, and Shannon index). This was especially true in those plots where Carpobrotus sp. pl. were eradicated. Our results show that the distance from the sea should always be considered when planning eradication actions, because the salinity gradient strongly influences the vegetation’s initial successional dynamics after the elimination of the alien plants.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1599399</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1599399</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The useful wild plants of Guinea: an analysis of socio-economically important species and implications for conservation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Denise Molmou</author><author>Charlotte Couch</author><author>George Gosline</author><author>Philippa Ryan</author><author>George P. Burton</author><author>Pépé M. Haba</author><author>Pierre K. Haba</author><author>Gbamon Konomou</author><author>Sékou Magassouba</author><author>Moussa Diabate</author><author>Soundiata Keita</author><author>Saïdou Doumbouya</author><author>Xander van der Burgt</author><author>Martin Cheek</author><author>Carolina Tovar</author><author>Isabel Larridon</author><author>Ana Rita G. Simões</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionGuinea is one of the most biologically and culturally diverse countries in West Africa, home to over 3,500 native plant species and 20 ethnolinguistic groups. The country has a large rural population who mainly depend on these plants and their products for their livelihood. Traditional knowledge on plant uses is passed from generation to generation but is often not formally documented, which hinders sustainable development in Guinea.MethodsThis study aims to document the uses of the wild plant species in Guinea, through interviews with local communities in the four geographical regions of Guinea and a literature survey, to improve sustainable use and management of Guinea's plant resources. The conservation status of the useful native plant species and the potential threats to their survival are report. In addition, a comparison is presented between the four geographical regions of Guinea, in the context of their environmental and cultural characteristics.ResultsIn Guinea, at least 399 wild useful plant species are harvested, representing c. 10% of the total Guinean flora. Plants were mostly used for medicinal purposes (55% of species), materials (32%) and as a source of food (11%). Of these species, 28 have been assessed as globally threatened and six as near threatened, potentially impacting their long-term survival and use.DiscussionPlants contribute to the economic and social welfare of the people of Guinea. The data gathered in this study will be helpful to orientate future conservation efforts of wild useful plant species for future generations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1743981</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1743981</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Conserving plants in a changing climate]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Zeeshan Ahmad</author><author>Shujaul Mulk Khan</author><author>Zishan Ahmad Wani</author><author>Shreekar Pant</author><author>Jahangeer A. Bhat</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1703947</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1703947</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Biodiversity conservation and management through forest landscape restoration in the Western Himalaya, India]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>S. S. Samant</author><author>Vikram S. Negi</author><author>Ravi Pathak</author><author>Bhawana Dangwal</author><author>Ravindra K. Joshi</author><author>Subodh Airi</author><author>K. C. Sekar</author><author>Shreekar Pant</author><author>Indra D. Bhatt</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1653827</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1653827</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Advances in orchid conservation: biotechnology applications and global trade dynamics]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Dipika Sarmah</author><author>Natasha Gurung</author><author>Pawan Saini</author><author>Mayengbam Premi Devi</author><author>Priyadarshani Mohapatra</author><author>Kartik Pramanik</author><author>Chinmaya Jena</author><author>Raghupathi B.</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Orchids are one of the most diverse and economically significant plant families, recognized for their ornamental, medicinal, and commercial value in global floriculture. However, the conservation of orchid species faces significant challenges due to habitat destruction, illegal trade, and climate change. In situ and ex situ conservation approaches, including advanced micropropagation technologies, have been pivotal in preserving the genetic diversity of endangered orchids. Cutting-edge modern biotechnological techniques including in vitro propagation, cryopreservation, and seed banking and its integration can be promising in the conservation of orchids. Furthermore, international policies such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora have been enacted to regulate the trade of orchids, though illegal harvesting persists. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of both conservation strategies and the commercial aspects of orchids, emphasizing the need for balanced trade and sustainable conservation practices.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1646399</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1646399</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Seagrass assisted recovery and long-term monitoring in the Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor, Malaysia]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Muta Harah Zakaria</author><author>Nurul Nur Farahin Syed</author><author>Shiamala Devi Ramaiya</author><author>Japar Sidik Bujang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Seagrass ecosystems in Malaysia are increasingly threatened by coastal development, resulting in widespread habitat degradation. A decade-long monitoring program in the Sungai Pulai estuary (2015–2025) documented trends in species composition, water quality, and habitat recovery following reclamation activities. Thirteen seagrass species were recorded, indicating high diversity compared to the seventeen known in Malaysian waters. Four species, i.e., Halophila decipiens, H. major, H. beccarii, and H. nipponica, were newly documented, with H. nipponica as a new national record for Malaysia. Seagrass percentage cover showed a moderate negative correlation with conductivity (r = –0.622, p < 0.05) in Merambong A (MA), as well as conductivity (r = –0.594), total dissolved solids (r = –0.500), and salinity (r = –0.519) in Merambong C (MC). It also showed a moderate negative correlation with DO (r = –0.545) and salinity (r = –0.502) in Tanjung Adang Laut (TAL). In response to habitat degradation, a rehabilitation program was carried out at the Merambong shoal using Enhalus acoroides seedlings as stabilizer species, along with cover species such as H. ovalis, H. major, and H. spinulosa. A total of 8,591 seedlings were transplanted across 324-square-meter plots, achieving survival rates of 63.39% at MA and 66.07% at Merambong B (MB), surpassing the success of direct seeding and vegetative transplant methods. Cover studies showed that MB consistently had more E. acoroides coverage during the early (10–30 months) and late (30–60 months) stages, peaking at 86.08% in certain plots. The inclusion of mixed species improved sediment stabilization and facilitated rapid vegetative recovery. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of seedling-based rehabilitation strategies, emphasize the importance of species complementarity, and highlight the need for ongoing monitoring to protect tropical seagrass habitats from human pressures.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1656995</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1656995</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Updated extinction risk of seagrass species in the Tropical Atlantic Bioregion]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Jimena Samper-Villarreal</author><author>Joel C. Creed</author><author>Duarte Frade</author><author>Bradley T. Furman</author><author>Salomão Bandeira</author><author>Hacen M. El-Hacen</author><author>A. Carolina Peralta</author><author>Ester A. Serrão</author><author>Beatriz E. Vera Vegas</author><author>Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Seagrasses can form vast meadows in coastal areas and provide valuable ecosystem services. Despite their importance, seagrasses are threatened, and their spatial extent and ecological condition have declined worldwide. Globally, there are six seagrass bioregions based on ocean basin and species distribution. The Tropical Atlantic Bioregion encompasses seagrasses in the warm waters off the Atlantic American continent, the eastern Pacific and the west coast of Africa. Here, the extinction risk of the species was determined through the Categories and Criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The extinction risk for the 15 native seagrass species in the bioregion was assessed and summarized as an update to the previous IUCN effort, conducted 15 years ago. The updated regional assessments were based on expert opinion and compilation of revised data on species´ distribution, population status and trend. Of the 15 native species, nine were endemic to the bioregion; thus, the regional assessment was also a global one. Two other species were typical for the region but also occurred beyond bioregional boundaries (Halodule beaudettei and H. wrightii). The remaining species were either distributed circumglobally (2 species), or consisted of peripheral populations of species characteristic of neighboring bioregions (2 species). The detailed information of 15 assessments have been made freely accessible in an open repository. Nine species maintained their previous risk of extinction status, while one species (Thalassia testudinum) changed from the Least Concern to the Near Threatened category. Downgrading of the status of T. testudinum is worrying, as this is the dominant climax species in the wider Caribbean. Its replacement by less resistant and smaller but faster growing species, such as Syringodium filiforme and H. wrightii (both classified as Least Concern), could compromise the ecosystem services of seagrasses in this bioregion. An additional two species had been recently introduced, and are also briefly covered. The assessments included past and present taxonomical uncertainties of various assessed species. Issues concerning the current boundaries of the bioregions themselves were also encountered. To address this and better capture future and ongoing range expansion or reduction associated with climate change, we propose overlapping transitional boundaries with neighboring seagrass bioregions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1569528</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1569528</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Of shrub, cactus, vine and toad: psychedelic species of conservation concern]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Anna O. Ermakova</author><author>Sam Gandy</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Psychedelics have a profound potential to catalyze psychological transformation and support traditional cultures and ways of life. However, many naturally occurring psychoactive plants and animals are facing threats from climate change, habitat loss and other anthropogenic pressures like overharvesting. In this narrative review we examine the conservation issues pertaining to some of the most well-known naturally occurring psychedelics: peyote (Lophophora williamsii), ayahuasca vine (Banisteriopsis caapi), iboga (Tabernanthe iboga) and the Sonoran Desert toad (Incilius alvarius). For each of the four species we aim to: review their conservation status; assess the sustainability of current sourcing practices; discuss pathways for sustainability of access; examine the efforts underway to preserve these medicines by Indigenous people and local communities; and propose how these efforts could be supported or expanded. This review focuses on an urgent issue of conservation of naturally occurring psychedelic plant and animal species and draws attention to their conservation needs. We conclude that despite biological and ecological differences, all four species face similar knowledge gaps limiting evidence-based conservation. Priorities across species include: long-term ecological and demographic monitoring; genetic and chemical diversity studies; sustainable harvest and management research; integration of Indigenous knowledge and socio-cultural research into conservation frameworks.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1648415</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1648415</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The vulnerable seagrass Halophila beccarii Aschers. (Hydrocharitaceae) from Malaysia]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Muta Harah Zakaria</author><author>Nurul Nur Farahin Syed</author><author>Japar Sidik Bujang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Halophila beccarii Aschers. is a small, vulnerable seagrass species found throughout the Indo-West Pacific. In Malaysia, its distribution is highly fragmented and faces increasing threats from human activities and natural disturbances. Although it can tolerate various ecological conditions, its limited and scattered range raises significant conservation concerns. Long-term observations and monitoring were conducted from 1996 to 2025 at numerous coastal and estuarine sites within Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak. Historical data and recent field surveys were combined to assess changes in distribution, population status, and habitat conditions. Halophila beccarii, once considered rare, was found at 15 locations across various intertidal habitats, ranging from freshwater to the brackish waters of mangrove river systems, shallow coastal lagoons, marine coastal areas, and subtidal shoals. It is commonly observed at depths of 1.0 to 2.0 meters and rarely exceeds 3.0 meters during high tide. The species thrives in temperatures from 25 to 38°C and salinity levels from 0 to 32 psu. Scattered patches or monospecific meadows of H. beccarii often occur alongside other seagrasses, such as Halodule pinifolia, macroalgae, seaside grasses, or mangroves, on substrates including sand, silty sand, loam, and calcareous mud. Declines are driven by reclamation, dredging, sand mining, sedimentation, monsoonal flooding, and coastal erosion. Disturbed habitats often shift to dominance by H. pinifolia, a more resilient species. These findings highlight H. beccarii’s vulnerability despite its ecological adaptability, reinforcing its current IUCN “Vulnerable” status and emphasizing the need for targeted conservation, seed bank protection, and adaptive monitoring strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1663322</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1663322</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biodiversity conservation and management through forest landscape restoration in the Western Himalaya, India]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-09-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>S. S. Samant</author><author>Vikram S. Negi</author><author>Ravi Pathak</author><author>Bhawana Dangwal</author><author>Ravindra K. Joshi</author><author>Subodh Airi</author><author>K. C. Sekar</author><author>Shreekar Pant</author><author>Indra D. Bhatt</author>
        <description><![CDATA[UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration seeks to advance existing global commitments, including the Bonn Challenge, Aichi Biodiversity Targets, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to promote effective environmental management. In the Indian context, ecosystem restoration is vital in enhancing the well-being of nearly 700 million rural inhabitants who depend directly on land resources. Considering this, the present study evaluates three decades (1992–2024) of restoration efforts at the ‘Surya-Kunj’ model site in the central Himalaya. Restoration of the degraded land began in 1992 with the plantation of 172 multipurpose plant species, followed by gap-filling activities until 2014. The adoption of simple bioengineering techniques and interventions facilitated the restoration process. Among the planted species, 136 native Himalayan species showed better performance, with a success rate of 62% compared to 38% of non-native species; the overall survival rate was 52% in the restoration model. Most planted tree species are now naturally regenerating, with healthy populations of seedlings and saplings. The success of the restoration model is evident from the rich biodiversity now present at the site, including 100 medicinal plant species, >160 species of birds, >100 species of butterflies, 86 bryophyte species, and >30 species of lichens. Community participation has been a key focus, fostering local stewardship, sustainable resource use, and replicating restoration practices on private lands. The site is also a knowledge dissemination hub for school students, teachers, and the local community. To date, we have conducted about 62 conservation education workshops, engaging over 5331 stakeholders and students, and building their capacity on restoration and diverse conservation issues in the Himalaya. The ‘Surya-Kunj’ model demonstrates that integrating ecological principles with community involvement can yield a self-sustaining, biodiversity-rich site, offering a replicable framework for Himalayan landscape restoration.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1615630</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1615630</link>
        <title><![CDATA[An approach to ecological balance and indigenous knowledge of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb in Panikhaiti village of Kamrup (Metropolitan) district of Assam]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nandini Sharma</author><author>Gunamoni Das</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe study examines the ecological and ethnobotanical significance of significance of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart) Griseb, commonly known as Alligator weed in Panikhaiti Gaon, a diverse locality in Kamrup Metropolitan district, Assam. The plant often plays a dual role as an ecological invader and a culturally significant species. This study aimed to assess the ecological impact and traditional knowledge associated with A. philoxeroides in the region.MethodsEcological data were collected using the quadrat method (1.5m x 1.5m) with 45 quadrats sampled across three sites. In addition to this, ethnobotanical data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 45 local informants and supplemented via an online questionnaire. The ecological parameters, Relative Density (RD), Relative Frequency (RF), Relative Dominance (R dom), and Importance Value Index (IVI)—were assessed across these sites.ResultsIn site 1, the RD, RF, R dom, and IVI values were 24.2, 56.1, 45.2, and 125, respectively, while in site 2, they were 45.6, 33.4, 12.8, and 91.8. Site 3 recorded values of 19.3, 33.9, 54.5, and 107.7. Biodiversity indices, including Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H) and Pielou’s evenness index (I), ranged from 0.21 to 0.75 across the sites, indicating variations in species distribution. Beyond its ecological role, A. philoxeroides holds cultural and traditional significance among the local communities. Ethnobotanical findings revealed a range of medicinal and culinary uses for the plant, highlighting its cultural relevance despite its invasive status.DiscussionThe study underscores the value of integrating traditional knowledge with scientific data to inform locally grounded conservation and resource management strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1623515</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1623515</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Phenotypic characterization of wild Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh ex situ germplasm bank for breeding, conservation, and sustainable development in the Peruvian Amazon]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-08-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sixto A. Imán</author><author>Angelo F. Samanamud</author><author>José F. Ramirez</author><author>Marianela Cobos</author><author>Juan C. Castro</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionMyrciaria dubia “camu-camu” is an economically important Amazonian fruit shrub known for its exceptionally high vitamin C content. Despite its commercial value, comprehensive phenotypic characterization of available genetic resources remains limited, hindering breeding programs and conservation strategies. This study aimed to characterize the phenotypic diversity of wild accessions maintained in a 36-year-old ex situ germplasm bank, one of the most comprehensive M. dubia collections globally, to provide baseline data for genetic improvement and conservation.MethodsWe evaluated 43 wild accessions systematically collected from eight major hydrographic basins in the Loreto region using a stratified sampling approach to capture maximum ecological diversity and maintained in an ex situ germplasm bank established in 1988 at the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation in Loreto, Peru. Twenty-three quantitative and six qualitative morphological descriptors were assessed using standardized protocols specifically developed for M. dubia, emphasizing commercially important descriptors including fruit weight, pulp content, and seed characteristics. Statistical analyses encompassed univariate variability assessment, bivariate correlations, and multivariate classification through hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis.ResultsPhenotypic characterization revealed moderate overall variability with coefficient of variation averaging 17.4%, with reproductive descriptors showing greater variation than vegetative traits. Fruit and seed descriptors exhibited the highest variability exceeding 20%, while qualitative descriptors showed limited diversity with Shannon Index of 0.823. Multivariate analysis identified four distinct phenetic groups with no significant correlation to geographic origin (Mantel test, p=0.4034). Principal component analysis revealed fruit-related descriptors as primary drivers of phenotypic differentiation, explaining 57.1% of observed variability. Three accessions from phenetic group 3 (PER1000416, PER1000423, and PER1000411) demonstrated superior trait combinations: fruit weight exceeding 13 g, pulp content above 75%, and reduced seed count below 2.5 seeds per fruit.ConclusionThe moderate phenotypic variability observed reflects the natural distribution patterns and limited domestication history of the species. This comprehensive characterization provides essential baseline data and a foundation for targeted breeding programs, conservation strategies, and sustainable production systems supporting development while preserving the genetic diversity in the Peruvian Amazon.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1629529</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1629529</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Conservation priorities in Central Asia: the Shorsuv Massif IPA and its role in the Fergana Valley’s biodiversity]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Komiljon Sh. Tojibaev</author><author>Hushbaht R. Hoshimov</author><author>Rustam R. Gulomov</author><author>Obidjon Kh. Sheraliev</author><author>Farkhod I. Karimov</author><author>Laura Kor</author><author>Avazbek R. Batoshov</author><author>Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh</author><author>Ju Eun Jang</author><author>Joonhyung Jung</author><author>Hee-Young Gil</author><author>Hyeok Jae Choi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe Fergana Valley (FV), a hotspot of endemicity and one of the most densely populated regions in Central Asia, faces increasing anthropogenic pressure.MethodsIn this study, geospatial conservation assessment and grid-based mapping of wild flora were integrated with traditional IPA identification methods recommended by Plantlife, resulting in a significant enhancement of the standard IPA approach.ResultsThe Shorsuv Massif and its surrounding areas were identified as an IPA, meeting Criteria A and C of the IPA criterion developed by Plantlife. Given the unique biodiversity of the FV, the lack of IUCN Category I protected areas in the Uzbek part, and the increasing pressure of human activities, documentation and conservation of the plant diversity according to Plantlife criteria is of global importance. As a continuation of research in this direction, this paper details the identification of a third IPA in FV, located in the variegated outcrops of the Turkestan Range in the southwest of FV. Detailed field surveys and grid mapping documented 349 vascular plant species, including 42 threatened species under Criterion A of Plantlife International. However, the site and its surroundings are critically threatened by large-scale mining activities (Criterion C).ConclusionsThe first results of this study and their discussion with authorized representatives provides crucial data for informing the government’s decision to establish a new protected area in the FV. According to Decree No. PP-171 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, dated 31 May 2023, a national park will be created, encompassing 100,000 hectares, including the Shorsuv IPA site and adjacent areas. This initiative also supports global conservation targets outlined in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC).]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1604666</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1604666</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The invasive alien species Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) has successfully invaded and acclimated to coastal areas]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Uta Endo</author><author>Masayuki Shiba</author><author>Tatsuya Fukuda</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The invasion of plants into specialized environments requires acclimatory changes, which can simultaneously act as barriers to further invasion in these contexts. In coastal areas, vegetation is shaped by various stresses from the marine environment; therefore, these areas are predominantly inhabited by plant species that have evolved specific acclimations to these stresses, including many endemic species. In recent years, the invasive species Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) has been reported in the coastal areas of Japan. We conducted comparative morphological analyses of coastal and inland populations of B. pilosa to elucidate the background of their acclimation to coastal areas. The large leaf area of B. pilosa is suggested to be involved in the capture of sand blown by the wind in the unstable soil composed of sea sand in its habitat. In addition, the acclimatory changes in B. pilosa were achieved without considerable alterations in the resource allocation ratio between stems and leaves. The coastal population of B. pilosa exhibited a significantly higher ratio of resources allocated to roots, indicating that this acclimationfacilitated stable establishment in coastal soils and enhanced moisture acquisition in coastal areas subjected to severe drought stress. In contrast to the increased ratio of resource allocation to roots, the coastal population of B. pilosa displayed a significantly lower investment in inflorescences. The findings suggest that once a population is established, it can sustain itself with minimal investment in inflorescences. This is likely attributable to the limited number of plants in coastal areas and reduced competitive pressures in these environments. These acclimatory changes in B. pilosa may lead to the expansion of its habitat in various coastal areas.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1576239</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1576239</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Development and phenotypic characterization of a native Theobroma cacao L. germplasm bank from the Loreto region of the Peruvian Amazon: implications for Ex situ conservation and genetic improvement]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-06-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sixto A. Imán</author><author>Angelo F. Samanamud</author><author>José F. Ramirez</author><author>Marianela Cobos</author><author>Cleydi Paredes</author><author>Juan C. Castro</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe ex situ conservation and characterization of native Theobroma cacao L. genetic resources are critical for sustainable cacao production and breeding programs in the face of climate change and escalating disease pressures. This study aimed to establish and characterize a novel germplasm bank from the Loreto region of the Peruvian Amazon, a key center of cacao diversity.MethodsWe collected 140 native cacao accessions across 15 river basins in eight provinces of the Loreto region. Accessions were propagated using optimized grafting techniques with IMC 67 rootstock. Phenotypic evaluation was conducted on 402 plants using 36 standardized descriptors (25 quantitative and 11 qualitative). Data analysis included multivariate analysis using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and Shannon-Weaver diversity indices to assess morphological diversity patterns.ResultsGrafting achieved 100% survival rate, establishing a comprehensive germplasm bank. Phenotypic characterization revealed exceptional morphological diversity, with quantitative traits exhibiting substantial variation, particularly in fruit characteristics (CV = 15.82–50.82%) and pod index (CV = 144.82%). Multivariate analysis identified five distinct phenotypic groups, with reproductive traits showing stronger differentiation than vegetative traits. Shannon-Weaver diversity indices highlighted high overall phenotypic diversity (H' ≈ 0.7), with seed longitudinal shape and fruit apex form displaying the highest trait-specific diversity (H' > 1.0).ConclusionThis comprehensive characterization establishes a foundation for future multiomics studies and advanced breeding strategies. The documented diversity offers opportunities to leverage CRISPR-Cas-based editing and omics technologies to develop climate-resilient, high-yielding cacao varieties with superior quality traits, contributing significantly to global cacao conservation and improvement programs.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1542455</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1542455</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Unraveling the meiotic puzzle: chromosome count, meiotic behaviour, and reproductive challenges in Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth. from the Kashmir Himalaya]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-06-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Roof Ul Qadir</author><author>Hanan Javid</author><author>Aijaz Hassan Ganie</author><author>Bilal A. Wani</author><author>Irshad A. Nawchoo</author><author>Junaid A. Magray</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Meiotic stability is crucial for maintaining reproductive success and genetic diversity in plants, especially in montane regions like the Himalaya, where fluctuating environmental conditions can disrupt normal chromosome behavior. Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth., a medicinally important species, has not previously been studied for the meiotic behavior and its impact on reproductive output. This study presents the first comprehensive meiotic analysis of P. cashmeriana across three populations in the Kashmir Himalaya, focusing on chromosome count, meiotic behavior, pollen fertility, and seed set. While most of the Pollen Mother Cells (PMCs) exhibited normal meiosis, several meiotic abnormalities were recorded, including chromosome stickiness, laggards, unoriented bivalents, and interchromosomal connections. Chromosome stickiness (11.48%) was the most prominent abnormality, particularly during diakinesis and metaphase I across all the study sites. These irregularities, likely influenced by high UV radiation and low temperatures characteristic of the region, were associated with reduced pollen viability (67.65–74.50%) and seed set (54.40–59.75%) across the studied populations. Such reproductive impairments may compromise the long-term survival and genetic resilience of P. cashmeriana, potentially limiting its adaptive capacity under ongoing changing environmental conditions. These findings highlight the broader ecological significance of meiotic behavior as a determinant of reproductive fitness and evolutionary potential in Himalayan flora. Understanding these cytological constraints is vital for developing informed, long-term conservation and management strategies for P. cashmeriana and other threatened montane species. Future research should explore the genetic basis of these abnormalities and assess population viability under shifting climate conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1470018</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1470018</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effect of different mycobionts on growth parameters of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo: implications on conservation strategies]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Abdul Hamid Wani</author><author>Rukhsana Qadir</author><author>Mohd Yaqub Bhat</author><author>Bilal Ahmad Dar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Dactylorhiza hatagirea maintain a symbiotic relationship with rhizospheric fungi in their lifecycle. Rhizospheric fungi have different roles during its growth and development. Although various rhizospheric fungi have been isolated from D. hatagirea, little is known about their specific effects on its growth and development. To understand the role of fungal species on growth parameters of D. hatagirea, we compared the effect of eight fungal species on growth parameters of D. hatagirea. viz. Trichoderma asperellum, Talaromyces falvus, Aspergillus candidus, Circinella muscae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cephalosporium acremonium and Trichoderma harzianum in the form of three treatments. Treatment (T1) comprised the combined application of Trichoderma asperellum, Talaromyces falvus, Aspergillus candidus and Circinella muscae. Treatment (T2) comprised the combined application of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cephalosporium acremonium and Trichoderma harzianum. Another treatment (T3) comprised the combined application of T1 and T2. A separate set of plants which were un-treated with any fungal isolated served as control. Our results revealed that the tubers inoculated with T3 conferred the highest shoot length, tuber length, optimal fresh and dry matter yield, and greatly enhanced other growth parameters, length of inflorescence, number of flowers and specific leaf area. Treatment (T3) has a discernible impact on plant growth compared to the T1, T2 and control. The results revealed that these fungal species we used in the presented study of tested plant D. hatagirea promoted growth with different efficiencies. Our results also revealed that rhizospheric fungal associations with D. hatagirea showed development-dependent preference and hence may provide the basic knowledge for use of different fungal species in conservation of D. hatagirea at different elevations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1522727</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1522727</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Changes in the distribution and number of St. Anthony Evening Primrose between 1994 and 2024]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Austin J. Housley</author><author>Gary I. Baird</author><author>David R. Burchfield</author><author>Steven L. Petersen</author><author>Jericho C. Whiting</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionRare and endemic plants that inhabit sand dunes are of conservation concern across the world. The St. Anthony Evening Primrose (Oenothera psammophila, (A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr.) W.L. Wagner, Stockhouse & Klein) is a rare endemic plant that occurs on the St. Anthony Sand Dunes (SASD) in Idaho, USA. This evening primrose is classified by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) as a range-wide imperiled species with high endangerment risk and was listed as a candidate species under the Endangered Species Act in 1975, but was removed from candidacy in 1996 after extensive population estimates. Little research has been conducted on this species since these population estimates conducted by the BLM in 1994.MethodsWe conducted surveys in 2024 to compare the current geographic distribution and number of individuals of this species with similar data collected in 1994. We hypothesized that the distribution and number of these plants have decreased in the last 30 years.ResultsIn 1994, it was documented that the St. Anthony Evening Primrose occupied 1,403 ha with 38,426 plants. In 2024, we documented that the St. Anthony Evening Primrose covered 829 ha (41% decrease; X2 = 106.85, p < 0.0001) with 19,737 plants (49% decrease; X2 = 3035.9, p < 0.0001). The distribution and number of plants decreased in two of the three regions in our study area but did not decrease in one of those regions. From 1994 to 2018–2021, there has been a 16,909% increase in the number of Off-Highway Vehicles (OHV) on the SASD during June, which is likely correlated to the decrease in distribution and number of St. Anthony Evening Primrose.DiscussionAlthough we documented decreases in population distribution and number of plants in two regions of our study area, our data precluded us from quantifying the extent of those decreases that were caused by natural dune movement, variation in precipitation and soil moisture, or OHV use. Our results, however, do provide biologists with information about this species that can be used for land-use management plans and comparisons with future studies of the St. Anthony Evening Primrose. Lastly, our results support reevaluating the S-rank for this species.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1552578</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1552578</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Assessing plant species diversity in Maltese rocky cliffs using Hill numbers and its implications for conservation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-03-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gianmarco Tavilla</author><author>Sandro Lanfranco</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Mediterranean Basin is known as a global biodiversity hotspot, featuring an impressive variety of plant species, with the Maltese Archipelago playing a significant role. This study assesses plant diversity within Malta’s rocky cliffs, focusing on changes over five decades (1973 and 2024). Using Hill numbers alongside coverage-based and size-based rarefaction and extrapolation methods, the research evaluates species richness, Simpson diversity, and Shannon diversity. Results indicate overall stability in species richness but reveal declining evenness and increasing dominance by a few species, suggesting significant ecological shifts. Statistical analyses, including NMDS, ANOSIM, and PERMANOVA, validate temporal changes in community composition. Notably, some endemic species, such as Salsola melitensis, show slight increases, whereas others, like Chiliadenus bocconei, exhibit severe declines. These findings underscore the importance of rocky habitats as reservoirs of endemic and specialized flora, highlighting the urgent need for conservation efforts to mitigate anthropogenic pressures and adapt to changing environmental conditions. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Hill numbers and advanced diversity metrics in monitoring biodiversity dynamics and informing conservation strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1563034</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1563034</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Reconciling nature conservation and sustainability of tropical ecosystems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-02-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Maria Cristina Duarte</author><author>Jhonny Capichoni Massante</author><author>Salomão Bandeira</author><author>Maria M. Romeiras</author>
        <description></description>
      </item>
      </channel>
    </rss>