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        <title>Frontiers in Detector Science and Technology | Detector Physics section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/detector-science-and-technology/sections/detector-physics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Detector Physics section in the Frontiers in Detector Science and Technology journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-13T14:14:18.943+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1593087</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1593087</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Design and performance of the ARIADNE+ detector, bringing novel 3D optical dual-phase LArTPCs to the large scale]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-10-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Pablo Amedo Martinez</author><author>Alexander Deisting</author><author>Heriques Frandini Gatti</author><author>Diego González-Díaz</author><author>Adam John Lowe</author><author>Krishanu Majumdar</author><author>Konstantinos Mavrokoridis</author><author>Marzio Nessi</author><author>Barney Philippou</author><author>Francesco Pietropaolo</author><author>Sudikshan Ravinthiran</author><author>Filippo Resnati</author><author>Adam Roberts</author><author>Angela Saá Hernández</author><author>Christos Touramanis</author><author>Jared Vann</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The ARIADNE programme is focused on the development of a scalable optical readout system for use in future ktonne LAr neutrino experiments, providing high tracking capability and low energy thresholds. Following demonstration at the 1 tonne scale (ARIADNE detector), a 20 tonne experiment has been performed at the CERN Neutrino Platform (ARIADNE+) to test scalability for integration into colossal future experiments such as those planned within the DUNE programme. This paper details the design, construction and performance of a 2.3 × 2.3 m light readout plane (LRP), which contained the largest glass THGEM array ever constructed. Four Timepix3 cameras were mounted externally to image the secondary scintillation light produced within the THGEM holes; three cameras operated with a visible image intensifier, and one with a VUV sensitive intensifier coupled to a custom magnesium fluoride lens. The Timepix3 data are natively zero suppressed, and with the 1.6 ns timing resolution, straightforward 3D event reconstruction is possible. A gallery of reconstructed LAr interactions is presented. Energy resolution and calibration were determined using cosmic muons. The energy resolution was found to be approximately 11% for the presented dataset. An outlook on the next steps for this work is given.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1614781</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1614781</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Experimental characterization of electron transport and electroluminescence in xenon-molecular mixtures]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>C. A. O. Henriques</author><author>L. M. P. Fernandes</author><author>P. A. O. C. Silva</author><author>D. González-Díaz</author><author>C. D. R. Azevedo</author><author>J. M. F. dos Santos</author><author>C. M. B. Monteiro</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We have developed a comprehensive methodology to measure electron transport and electroluminescence parameters in xenon-based gaseous detectors using photosensor waveform analysis. Our approach integrates measurements of the Fano factor, electroluminescence fluctuations (Q-factor), scintillation probability, electron drift velocity, diffusion, and attachment coefficients into a unified experimental framework, with particular focus on the effects of molecular additives. Using a driftless Gas Proportional Scintillation Counter and advanced event-depth analysis, we achieved an energy resolution of (7.42 ± 0.02)% FWHM with 5.9-keV X-rays, measured the Fano factor in pure xenon (0.222 ± 0.004), and characterized the impact of CF4, CH4, and CO2 additives on detector performance. Electron transport measurements showed good agreement with Magboltz simulations, validating our methodology. Through Monte Carlo modeling of electron loss mechanisms, we quantified how attachment affects both electroluminescence yield and statistical fluctuations, enabling separation of attachment effects from other yield-degradation mechanisms for accurate determination of scintillation probabilities. For applications requiring optimal position resolution through reduced diffusion, we compared three molecular additives at concentrations providing equivalent electron cloud spread (2.75 mm after 1 m drift): Xe-CF4 (0.015%) maintains near-100% scintillation probability but introduces significant electron attachment affecting energy resolution; Xe-CH4 (0.220%) reduces the scintillation probability by approximately 30% with minimal attachment; while Xe-CO2 (0.041%) combines reduced scintillation, moderate attachment, and VUV opacity. These findings provide a quantitative foundation for selecting optimal additives based on application-specific priorities in rare-event detection experiments.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1675424</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1675424</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Fundamentals of luminescence and electroluminescence in particle detection technologies relying on noble-gas media]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Armando Francesco Borghesani</author><author>Diego Gonzalez-Diaz</author><author>Florian Brunbauer</author><author>Carlos Davide Azevedo</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1638362</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1638362</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Operation of a dual-phase xenon detector with wavelength sensitivity from ultraviolet to infrared]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Robert Hammann</author><author>Kai Böse</author><author>Steffen Form</author><author>Luisa Hötzsch</author><author>Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Xenon, in both its gaseous and liquid phase, offers excellent scintillation and ionization properties, making it an ideal target medium for rare event searches. We report on measurements performed with a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber sensitive to wavelengths from 170 nm to 1700 nm. In addition to the well-established ultraviolet (UV) scintillation, we observe coincident signals in a photomultiplier tube sensitive to infrared (IR) light, associated with both prompt scintillation in the liquid and electroluminescence in the gas. We study the time response of the IR signals and their dependence on the applied amplification field in the gas. Our findings support the observation of IR emission from electroluminescence and reveal a time response distinct from that previously reported for α-particles in gas. The results suggest that IR scintillation could provide enhanced signal identification and background rejection in future xenon-based detectors.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1585561</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1585561</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Superfluid helium-4 in porous structures of neon-nitrogen nanoclusters as a target for low-mass dark matter detector]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-07-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>R. E. Boltnev</author><author>V. V. Khmelenko</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A new concept of three-phase projection chamber filled with a collection of neon-nitrogen nanoclusters immersed in superfluid helium-4 is proposed for detection light dark matter particles with low masses (0.1–10 Gev/c2). Such a time projection chamber includes a drift region within aerogel-like structure formed by neon-nitrogen nanoclusters filled by superfluid helium and a gas phase camera where electroluminescence takes place. The proposed concept combines the promising properties of liquid helium as a target material for direct detection of light dark matter particles such as high quenching factor, substantial scintillation light, high radiopurity, and high impedance to external vibration noise with the new ones determined by the properties of solid neon and nitrogen. The presence of highly porous impurity structure will enhance the primary scintillation signal (S1) due to light emission stimulated by interactions of metastable He2 (a3Σu) molecules and He+ ions with impurity nanoclusters. The signal of electrons produced by the recoil event (S2) and drifting in external electric field will get additional input due to energy stored in nitrogen atoms stabilized on the nanoclusters’ surface.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1616204</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1616204</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Review of the experimental and theoretical landscape of electron transport in noble liquids]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-06-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>G. J. Boyle</author><author>N. A. Garland </author><author>D. L. Muccignat </author><author>I. Simonović </author><author>D. Bošnjaković </author><author>S. Dujko </author><author>R. D. White </author>
        <description><![CDATA[We present a review of the current experimental and theoretical understanding of electron transport in noble liquids. Special attention is given to recent measurements that coincide with the development of time projection chambers using liquid xenon and argon as detector media. To enable transparent benchmarking of simulations and to facilitate the comparison between early studies and modern time projection chamber data, we introduce a new open-access database of electron mobility and diffusion measurements. In particular, we emphasize the transition to large-scale detector designs which incorporate extended drift distances alongside improved purity control and field uniformity. On the theoretical side, we contrast empirical transport models with ab initio approaches, highlighting our recent efforts to incorporate low-energy, liquid-specific scattering phenomena, including coherent scattering, polarization screening, and bulk potential modifications. While elastic transport has seen substantial theoretical progress, inelastic processes in liquids, including ionization, exciton formation and interband transitions, remain poorly understood due to the lack of experimental cross sections and validated models. We also discuss the applications and challenges of modeling scintillation, doped and mixture-liquid targets, and gas–liquid interface behavior, all of which are critical for the design and optimization of next-generation detectors.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1580297</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1580297</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Near-infrared cathodoluminescence of Xe2 excimers in dense gaseous mixtures]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-05-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>A. F. Borghesani</author><author>G. Carugno</author><author>F. Chiossi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We report new spectroscopic measurements of the near-infrared fluorescence band of electron-beam excited Xe2 excimers as a function of the gas density in several gaseous mixtures of different Xe concentrations at room temperature. We have used He, Ar, and N2 as buffer gases, with the Xe concentrations in the mixtures ranging from approximately 8% up to 80%. The investigated density range extends up to 10 times the density Nig of the ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure (Nig≈2.5×1025m−3). In all mixtures, we have observed that the wavelength of the centroid of the infrared excimer band is shifted toward longer wavelengths as the gas density is increased, in a manner similar to what was originally observed in pure Xe gas and an Ar–Xe mixture. The strength of the redshift depends on the Xe concentrations in the mixture and the nature of the buffer gas and is very well rationalized by taking into account both the classical dielectric screening effect due to the gaseous environment and the density-dependent quantum shift of the energy of the optically active electron in the Xe2 molecule, provided that the contributions of the two gaseous species in the mixture are weighted by applying the laws of ideal gaseous mixtures.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1551948</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1551948</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Gamma-ray and high-energy X-ray detection with large-area scintillating crystals: A hands-on review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-05-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Maurizio Bonesini</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Detection of photons with scintillating inorganic crystals in the high-energy range (>0.1 MeV) will be discussed, making a comparison with other available methods. Energy resolutions up to 2% at 662 keV and fast decay time of the order of 20 ns are within reach, with the introduction of Ce-doped crystals in place of alkali halide ones. Development is underway for the production of non-hygroscopic scintillating crystals, such as PrLuAg and Ce: GAAG. At the end of this review, examples of experimental devices based on scintillating inorganic crystals will be discussed. Practical hands-on experience is emphasized at the expense of a more comprehensive description of all available and possible options. Detectors’ construction details and consequences of the different choices will be discussed. Emphasis will be put on the LaBr3: Ce-based detectors that are the present “golden standard” in gamma ray spectroscopy. The focus of this review will be on photon detection in the high-energy region: mainly 0.1–2 MeV, including both gamma rays and high-energy X-rays, even if many considerations may be applied to the detection of low-energy X-rays.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1488822</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1488822</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Design of a high-resolution liquid xenon detector for positron emission tomography]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Methods</category>
        <author>Alexander Backues</author><author>Jeremy Feng</author><author>Matthew Ni</author><author>Min Zhong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a vital imaging technique extensively used for early cancer detection by visualizing metabolic processes in the body. While traditional PET systems use scintillation crystals like bismuth germanate (BGO) or lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) to detect gamma rays, they have inherent energy and spatial resolution limitations. This paper proposes an advanced PET design using liquid xenon (LXe)-based detectors that integrate scintillation and ionization energy detection. Our PET detector design has a monolithic liquid xenon target of 5×5×5 cm3, from where scintillation light is detected by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) placed on one side of the target. The ionization is converted to field-enhanced electroluminescence in liquid xenon and detected by the same SiPMs. We use Monte Carlo simulations to optimize the configuration of the electric field and improve the light collection efficiency. Combining both detection modes, the proposed system aims to significantly improve the energy resolution to approximately 2% full width at half maximum (FWHM). Furthermore, machine learning models enhance position reconstruction accuracy with sub-millimeter horizontal and depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolutions. The results indicate that the LXe-based PET detector can achieve superior performance compared to current PET technologies, offering enhanced imaging accuracy with the potential for reduced doses of radioactive tracer.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1561739</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2025.1561739</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Primary and secondary scintillation of CF4-based mixtures in low-pressure gaseous detectors]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>F. M. Brunbauer</author><author>P. Amedo</author><author>K. J. Flöthner</author><author>D. Gonzalez Diaz</author><author>D. Janssens</author><author>S. Leardini</author><author>M. Lisowska</author><author>H. Müller</author><author>E. Oliveri</author><author>G. Orlandini</author><author>D. Pfeiffer</author><author>L. Ropelewski</author><author>F. Sauli</author><author>J. Samarati</author><author>L. Scharenberg</author><author>M. van Stenis</author><author>R. Veenhof</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Optical readout of micro-pattern gaseous detectors relies on recording scintillation light emitted during electron avalanche multiplication with imaging sensors of high-granularity pixelated readout. It can be used in applications such as optical Time Projection Chambers for track reconstruction, low material budget beam monitoring or radiography, to name but a few. A good match between the scintillation light emission spectra and the spectral sensitivity of the recording devices is required to achieve high signal-to-noise ratios and ensure optimal acquisition parameters. Experimental requirements for operation at low or high pressures may have an impact on the scintillation spectra of gases commonly used for optical readout. We investigate the pressure dependence of scintillation light emission spectra of primary and secondary scintillation in the range of 1,000 mbar down to 25 mbar, in the wavelength range of 200 nm–800 nm. Primary scintillation spectra for different CF4-based mixtures are observed to be independent of pressure in the investigated range. A strong variation in the ratio of ultraviolet (UV) emission to visible (VIS) emission bands is observed as a function of pressure for secondary scintillation of CF4 and He/CF4 mixtures while for Ar/CF4 the overall light yield varies with an almost constant ratio between UV and VIS components. While the addition of low fractions of SF6 as electronegative drift gas does significantly lower the total light output, the shape of the emission spectra is not affected. The observed increase in relative UV emission for low pressure operation in CF4 and He/CF4 mixtures can guide the selection of optical readout devices or wavelength shifters for applications requiring low gas pressure operation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2024.1480975</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2024.1480975</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A review of NEST models for liquid xenon and an exhaustive comparison with other approaches]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-01-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>M. Szydagis</author><author>J. Balajthy</author><author>G. A. Block</author><author>J. P. Brodsky</author><author>E. Brown</author><author>J. E. Cutter</author><author>S. J. Farrell</author><author>J. Huang</author><author>A. C. Kamaha</author><author>E. S. Kozlova</author><author>C. S. Liebenthal</author><author>D. N. McKinsey</author><author>K. McMichael</author><author>R. McMonigle</author><author>M. Mooney</author><author>J. Mueller</author><author>K. Ni</author><author>G. R. C. Rischbieter</author><author>K. Trengove</author><author>M. Tripathi</author><author>C. D. Tunnell</author><author>V. Velan</author><author>S. Westerdale</author><author>M. D. Wyman</author><author>Z. Zhao</author><author>M. Zhong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the microphysical simulation of interactions in liquid xenon, the active detector medium in many leading rare-event searches for new physics, and describes experimental observables useful for understanding detector performance. The scintillation and ionization yield distributions for signal and background are presented using the Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST), a toolkit based on experimental data and simple empirical formulas, which mimic previous microphysics modeling but are guided by data. The NEST models for light and charge production as a function of the particle type, energy, and electric field are reviewed, along with models for energy resolution and final pulse areas. NEST is compared with other models or sets of models and validated against real data, with several specific examples drawn from XENON, ZEPLIN, LUX, LZ, PandaX, and table-top experiments used for calibrations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2023.1282854</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdest.2023.1282854</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Observation of strong wavelength-shifting in the argon-tetrafluoromethane system]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-12-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>P. Amedo</author><author>D. González-Díaz</author><author>F. M. Brunbauer</author><author>D. J. Fernández-Posada</author><author>E. Oliveri</author><author>L. Ropelewski</author>
        <description><![CDATA[We report the scintillation spectra of Ar/CF4 mixtures in the range 210–800 nm, obtained under X-ray irradiation for various pressures (1–5 bar) and concentrations (0%–100%). Special care was taken to eliminate effects related to space charge and charge recombination, so that results can be extrapolated following conventional wisdom to those expected for minimum ionizing particles under the typical electric fields employed in gaseous instrumentation. Our study sheds light into the microscopic pathways leading to scintillation in this family of mixtures and reinvigorates the prospects of use in next-generation scintillation-based chambers.]]></description>
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