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        <title>Frontiers in Earth Science | Solid Earth Geophysics section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/sections/solid-earth-geophysics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Solid Earth Geophysics section in the Frontiers in Earth Science journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-13T10:51:54.66+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1818830</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1818830</link>
        <title><![CDATA[AI fault prediction for ultra-deepwater OBN seismic data: advancing structural interpretation in carbonate reservoirs]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Siwen Wang</author><author>Chaofeng Wang</author><author>Hongping Wang</author><author>Guoping Zuo</author><author>Liangbo Ding</author><author>Guozhang Fan</author><author>Yonggang Zhang</author><author>Xu Pang</author><author>Zeyu Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Accurate interpretation of complex fault networks is crucial for ultra-deepwater hydrocarbon exploration, yet traditional towed-streamer (TS) seismic systems frequently fail to image subtle faults due to environmental noise and complex topographies. This study develops an AI-driven fault prediction framework specifically tailored for high-fidelity Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) seismic data. The proposed methodology uses structure-oriented filtering for data preprocessing and an enhanced High-Resolution Network (HR-Net) that adaptively fuses multi-scale features to maintain spatial resolution and suppress noise. A progressive post-processing workflow involving fault enhancement, skeletonization, and ant-tracking is then applied to automate 3D fault model generation. Application in the Santos Basin’s pre-salt carbonate reservoirs demonstrated that this approach performs better traditional TS methods, effectively resolving intricate Y-shaped fault geometries and providing reliable structural support for established carbonate depositional models in the region. This workflow reduces structural interpretation cycles from months to hours, improving geological accuracy and mitigating drilling risks in offshore exploration.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1800394</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1800394</link>
        <title><![CDATA[New constraints on the structure of offshore Mesozoic rift basins and distribution of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province along the eastern U.S. coastline from high-resolution aeromagnetic and gravity data]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jack N. Turney</author><author>David S. Goldberg</author><author>Kirsty J. Tinto</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) basalt formations found in Mesozoic rift basins along the eastern North American seaboard are postulated as the proximate cause of the end-of-Triassic mass extinction event. CAMP volcanism is identified in onshore basins; however, basin structure and CAMP basalt distribution in the offshore New York Bight Basin (NYBB), Long Island Basin (LIB), and Central Bight Basin (CBB) are not well constrained due to the limited resolution of legacy seismic and existing magnetic and gravimetric survey data. Geopotential modeling of new high-resolution magnetic and gravity survey data predicts multiple CAMP basalt flow units equating to a total volume of at least ∼1,100 km3 in the New York Bight and Long Island basins. Forward modeling and depth-to-source analyses show a possible wedge of igneous material in the Long Island Basin, bordered by NW–SE trending faults that splay off the western border fault. Magnetic sources and strong seismic reflectors at the basement top also indicate interbasinal CAMP volcanism. The extension of a magnetic high from interbasinal areas toward the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly suggests that CAMP volcanism may have formed contemporaneously with seaward-dipping reflectors. These results indicate that offshore CAMP activity may have occurred during and after the main rifting phase in the central North American rift system. This differs from previous findings in the area, where CAMP activity pre-dated the cessation of rifting, thus shedding new light on the development of this passive margin.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1815784</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1815784</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Astronomical modulation of global seismic energy release at the 18.6-year lunar nodal period]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Carlo Doglioni</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Astronomical cycles have long been proposed as potential modulators of seismicity, yet their influence remains controversial due to inconsistent results and methodological limitations. In this study it was tested whether the 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle, expressed in Earth rotation through length-of-day (LOD) variations, is detectable in global seismicity using independent earthquake catalogs (ISC–GEM, GCMT, USGS/NEIC) and a fully reproducible statistical framework. Monthly time series of earthquake counts and cumulative seismic moment release were analyzed using cross-spectral methods and generalized linear models that explicitly account for non-stationarity. Cross-spectral analysis reveals frequency-specific behavior, with no significant coherence between LOD and earthquake counts at the 18.6-year period, but intermittent and statistically significant coherence with seismic moment release (p < 0.05 in up to ∼40% of windows). Likelihood-based models show that inclusion of the 18.6-year component improves the description of seismic moment release (ΔAIC ≈ −10 to −15; deviance reduction ≈ 5–8%), corresponding to a modulation amplitude of approximately 8%–12% between nodal extrema. These improvements are robust across catalogs and retained in out-of-sample validation. A latitudinal dependence of seismicity is observed, consistent with previously proposed astronomical tuning on plate tectonics. This is also supported by the evident decrease of the seismic moment moving toward both either the geographic or tectonic poles. Spatial analysis further reveals a hemispheric asymmetry in seismic energy release when expressed in a tectonic reference frame, consistent across reasonable variations in pole definition. These results indicate that the 18.6-year nodal cycle does not modulate earthquake occurrence rates but may modulate the energetic expression of global seismicity. The findings support a view of the lithosphere as a nonlinear system in which astronomical forcing can influence energy release without deterministically triggering earthquakes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1803008</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1803008</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comprehensive advanced detection method of tunnel base on high-resolution signal vibroseis seismic and 3D laser scanning technology]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shigang Liu</author><author>Wenxing Xu</author><author>Yiming Zhang</author><author>Yongfeng Ma</author><author>Zhaohai Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[To address the issues of insufficient seismic source energy and low prediction accuracy caused by the superposition of effective reflected signals in traditional geological advance forecasting, a high-resolution data processing method for vibroseis data has been proposed. By integrating high-resolution vibroseis technology with three-dimensional laser scanning, a high-fidelity geological advance prediction combining multimodal and long-short distance approaches has been achieved and applied to the Dangshun Tunnel. The research results demonstrate that the proposed synchrosqueezed wavelet transform correlation operation effectively resolves wavefield superposition issues and enhances the resolution of seismic records. Additionally, the joint multimodal inversion interpretation eliminates the limitations of single-method approaches, reliably restores the properties of anomalous geological bodies, and enables accurate prediction of target structures. The joint prediction results are basically consistent with excavation verification. Multi domain and multi-level detection methods are feasible in tunnel geological advance prediction. Conducting dynamic joint advance prediction is very important for improving the accuracy of prediction.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1754514</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1754514</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Electrical resistivity tomography with combined arrays for shallow karst collapse hazard identification in Fuchuan, Guangxi, China]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chunlei Ge</author><author>Dingguo Liao</author><author>Yang Yang</author><author>Yingchun Tang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Shallow covered karst collapse is a prevalent geological hazard in Fuchuan County, Guangxi, China, posing severe threats to local engineering construction and human safety. To accurately identify subsurface karst structures and delineate collapse hazard zones, high-density electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with Wenner, Schlumberger, and their combined array configurations was applied in a typical shallow karst hazard zone of Fuchuan. Field data were acquired with a 5 m electrode spacing for four parallel survey lines (ERT1–ERT4), and inversion was performed via the PyGIMLi software with a generalized Gauss–Newton method. The ERT results were validated against borehole data (BSWZK09) and single-pole resistivity depth curves. Quantitative analysis revealed that the Wenner array identified a broad low-resistivity karst anomaly (185–225 m along ERT1, 40 m lateral spread, 30 m depth, resistivity <50 Ω m) with superior vertical stratification resolution, while the Schlumberger array delineated a narrower, more defined anomaly (180–205 m along ERT1, 25 m lateral spread, 25 m depth, resistivity <40 Ω m) with enhanced lateral boundary recognition. The combined array integrated these advantages, achieving a vertical resolution of ±2.5 m and lateral resolution of ±3 m for karst anomalies. A total of eight karst collapse hazard zones and two regional underground karst development zones were delineated across the four survey lines, with ERT results showing 92% consistency with borehole verification data. This study demonstrates that the combined ERT array configuration effectively improves the detection accuracy of shallow karst structures in covered carbonate terrains, and the delineated hazard zones provide a critical geophysical basis for karst collapse prevention and engineering management in Fuchuan and similar karst areas.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1770778</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1770778</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Periodic tidal forcing and seismic response in the diverse tectonic settings of the Andaman–Sumatra subduction zone, Sunda Arc]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sambit Sahoo</author><author>Bhaskar Kundu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Tidal modulation of seismicity is globally reported in fluid-rich environments of hydrothermal systems, particularly in oceanic or coastal settings. Specifically, the short-period and high-amplitude stress variations caused by ocean tidal loading within the solid Earth have high potential as external stress perturbations. The state-of-stress within the fluid-rich system also plays a crucial role, as several studies have examined the usual modulation mechanisms for specific fault planes. However, some regions also show unusual paradoxes due to the fluid-dominated stress triggering mechanisms. The Andaman-Sumatra Subduction Zone provides a unique opportunity to investigate such modulation mechanisms in diverse tectonic environments influenced by fluid-rich hydrothermal systems. Associated with subduction zone, spreading centers and an active volcanic arc in such a domain, it was explored as a natural laboratory for effect of tidal loading cycles. In this article, the seismicity in the Andaman region has been analysed for possible correlation with cyclic tidal loadings and further evaluation of the usual global triggering mechanisms under specific spatial conditions of fault planes. As the volumetric tidal loading is the dominant tidal stress contributor, extensive analysis was performed on seismic catalogues from multiple sources, and tidal correlations with vertical tidal stress were observed without the presence of a significant periodicity signature. Although the tidal signatures provide a higher confidence in the suggested tidal modulation, the statistically significant tidal stress correlations provide new insights into the external forcing of the fluid-associated deformations. In this first-ever reported tidal correlations of seismicity in the diverse tectonic region of Andaman-Sumatra Subduction Zone, we express that seismicity is modulated by the cyclic tidal forces that also align with previous global reports of modulation mechanisms, and it also highlights the effect of broader periodic gravitational forcing in solid Earth dynamics.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1727217</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1727217</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Quantifying seismic source, site and path parameters using body wave spectral inversion: a case study from southwestern Saudi Arabia]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Saleh Qaysi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study aims to investigate the seismic source characteristics, path attenuation (including geometrical spreading and intrinsic attenuation), and site effects of earthquakes in southwestern Saudi Arabia, with the goal of improving understanding of the region’s crustal structure and seismotectonic processes. The broadband seismic network in southwestern Saudi Arabia, equipped with highly sensitive sensors and extensive station coverage, provides an excellent framework for a comprehensive investigation of seismicity distribution, site response, seismic wave attenuation, and source spectra of earthquakes with local magnitudes (ML) ranging from 2.5 to 4.8 recorded between 2000 and 2023. A Spectral Inversion Method (SIM), constrained by a reference site, was applied to decouple site response, attenuation effect, and source characteristics from observed P- and S-wave spectra using iterative least squares analysis. The site responses derived from P- and S-wave spectral inversion reveal strong variability across stations located on contrasting geological settings of the Arabian Platform and Arabian Shield. P-wave amplification is generally higher and peaks at 8–15 Hz, while S-wave amplification and H/V spectral ratio peaks show close agreement, indicating that the H/V method reliably captures the fundamental site resonance controlled by shallow shear wave velocity structure. Frequency-dependent attenuation was quantified using empirical relationships,  Qp=112±1.1f 1.04±0.03 and Qs=199±2.9f 0.98±0.01, indicating significant frequency dependence and suggesting a seismically active and structurally heterogeneous crust in the southwestern Arabian Shield. The displacement source spectra deviate from the classical ω−2 source model, displaying a steeper high-frequency decay that more closely resembles an ω−3 spectral falloff. advanced source parameters, including seismic moment (MO), corner frequency (fC), moment magnitude (MW), source radius r, and stress drop (Δσ), were estimated from corrected displacement spectra of P- and S-waves over the frequency band 0.8–50 Hz. The seismic moment ranges from 2.12×1011 to 3.7×1014 N.m, source radii from 145.1 to 493.3 m, and corner frequencies from 3 to 10.2 Hz. Stress drop values vary from 0.002 to 1.06 MPa (P-wave) and 0.005–2.54 MPa (S-wave). The relatively low stress drops may reflect the influence of active Red Sea rifting and fluid upwelling beneath the Arabian Shield, contributing to the reactivation of pre-existing zones of weakness within the study area. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of seismic source and attenuation properties in the southwestern Arabian Shield. The obtained parameters are essential and crucial for earthquakes risks and disasters that affected the western Saudi Arabia urban development.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1801261</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1801261</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Applicability evaluation of pressure-driven development techniques for low- and ultra-low-permeability sandstone reservoirs]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Wanyuan Nie</author><author>Taihua Wang</author><author>Kai Li</author><author>Jiaxing Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Low and ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs are widely developed in Xinjiang, China and represent important targets for maintaining oilfield production and enhancing oil recovery. However, strong reservoir heterogeneity and poor pore structures severely limit the effectiveness of conventional development methods. Field practice and previous studies indicate that the applicability of pressure-driven techniques varies markedly among different low and ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs, and the lack of reliable criteria for block selection has become a key constraint on large-scale application. Based on laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and field case analyses, this study elucidates the key controlling factors governing pressure-driven performance, clarifies the geological conditions favorable for effective implementation, and develops an applicability evaluation framework for pressure-driven development in low and ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs. The results demonstrate that pressure-driven applicability is jointly controlled by rock mechanical properties and flow capacity, with elastic modulus and permeability identified as the dominant controlling factors. Pressure-driven techniques exhibit optimal performance in low-to-moderate permeability reservoirs, whereas their effectiveness is limited under ultra-low permeability conditions and diminishes in relatively higher-permeability reservoirs. On this basis, an evaluation index system incorporating indicators related to microfracture generation, reservoir stimulation and volumetric expansion behavior, and reservoir petrophysical properties is established, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process is employed to determine indicator weights. Application of the proposed framework to typical blocks and the study area shows that evaluation scores are in good agreement with actual field performance and effectively distinguish pressure-driven applicability among different blocks. Among the evaluated blocks, the M2 block exhibits the most favorable combination of rock mechanical properties, flow capacity, and reservoir scale parameters, making it the optimal target for pressure-driven development in the study area. The proposed framework provides a quantitative basis for pressure-driven technology selection and deployment in low and ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in Xinjiang.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1778360</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1778360</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Characterizing the subsurface structure and active faults of the Fucino Basin (Central Apennines) through integrated high-resolution seismic reflection and nodal ambient noise surveys]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Luigi Improta</author><author>Stefano Maraio</author><author>Giuseppe Di Giulio</author><author>Maurizio Vassallo</author><author>Marco Massa</author><author>Sara Lovati</author><author>Matteo Lupi</author><author>Fabio Villani</author><author>Salomon Hailemikael</author><author>Daniela Famiani</author><author>Alessia Mercuri</author><author>Paolo Marco De Martini</author><author>Vincenzo Sapia</author><author>Antonino D’Alessandro</author><author>Pier Paolo Gennaro Bruno</author><author>Carlo Alberto Brunori</author><author>Riccardo Civico</author><author>Alessandra Sciarra</author><author>Pamela Roselli</author><author>Anna Figlioli</author><author>Simona Bongiovanni</author><author>Stefania Pucillo</author><author>Gaetano Riccio</author><author>Rocco Cogliano</author><author>Giulio Brunelli</author><author>Salvatore Scudero</author><author>Stefano Speciale</author><author>Livio Ruggiero</author><author>Paola Baccheschi</author><author>Giovanna Cultrera</author><author>Stefano Pucci</author><author>Luisa Valoroso</author><author>Pasquale De Gori</author><author>Andrea Rindinella</author><author>Daniele Silvestri</author><author>Irene Molinari</author><author>Giuliano Milana</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Fucino Basin, the largest tectonic basin within the Central Apennines orogen, is bounded by normal faults that have controlled the deposition of over 1 km of Pliocene-Quaternary continental deposits above a Messinian substratum. Conflicting interpretations from legacy seismic profiles have hindered a full understanding of the basin’s stratigraphy, age, evolution, and fault systems, creating uncertainties for tectonic reconstructions, seismic response analysis and hazard assessment. To resolve these uncertainties, we acquired new high-resolution datasets through three complementary active–passive seismic surveys. These include seismic reflection profiles covering ∼10 km, a nodal ambient noise campaign deploying 258 short-period nodes over 16 km2, preceded by two pilot array tests, and finally a basin-wide ambient noise survey comprising 1-hour recordings at 42 sites. Our analysis focused on the San Benedetto and Trasacco Faults—responsible for the 1915, M7.1, Marsica earthquake—and the main depocenter (the Bacinetto) associated with the San Benedetto Fault. This paper presents experimental setup, recorded data, and initial findings that provide new insights into basin stratigraphy, fault geometry, and spatial distribution of the fundamental resonance frequency (f0). The seismic reflection data show excellent imaging quality, resolution, and penetration exceeding 1 km. The Bacinetto hosts up to 850–900 m of continuous lacustrine succession and lower fluvio-lacustrine deposits that record sustained syn-sedimentary slip along the San Benedetto Fault from the Late Pliocene to Recent times. No evidence is found for significant synthetic or antithetic faulting beneath the depocenter, contradicting earlier structural models. The intra-basin Trasacco Fault forms a clear basement step and localized sediment thickening that tapers northwestward f0 varies from 1 to 2 Hz near the basin margins to ∼0.2 Hz in the Bacinetto, reflecting progressive sediment thickening, whereas it varies abruptly across fault zones. f0 estimates from nodal and station data show good consistency.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1779764</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1779764</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrated and standardised earthquake catalogue of Indonesia (88 AD–2024)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Data Report</category>
        <author>Anas Fauzi Masykuri</author><author>Wiwit Suryanto</author><author>Theodosius Marwan Irnaka</author><author>Bayu Pranata</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1738377</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1738377</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Seismic interplay during the GRT-1 stimulation series of the Rittershoffen EGS reservoir]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Emmanuel Gaucher</author><author>Olivier Lengliné</author><author>Jean Schmittbuhl</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Between April and June 2013, the GRT-1 well, located at the Rittershoffen EGS geothermal site in the Upper Rhine Valley (France), underwent three distinct stimulations: a thermal stimulation, a chemical stimulation, and finally a hydraulic stimulation. These stimulations, in particular the hydraulic stimulation, have been previously explored by several studies. The current study addresses a feature that has been less analyzed: the possible seismic interplay between these stimulations. By applying improved template matching and a relative location method, a comprehensive catalog of more than 3000 seismic events was established, covering the three stimulations. This catalog allows tracking and comparison of reservoir seismogenic responses to successive, yet different, stimulation types with high spatial and temporal precision. We present the evolution of several indicators such as event distribution and clustering, b-value, and seismic injection efficiency across the stimulations. The observed differences raise the question of the relevance of using previous stimulation indicators to anticipate seismogenic behavior during subsequent stimulations. We also evidence simultaneous seismicity migration, decrease of the instantaneous injection index and decrease of the seismic efficiency at the end of the hydraulic stimulation but prior to the most energetic burst of seismicity that occurred 4.5 days after shut-in.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1731117</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1731117</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Earthquake swarms on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: assessing the applicability of a global catalogue for seismic analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>R. Zhong</author><author>J. E. Rich</author><author>P. J. Heron</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is mostly positioned at great distances from on-land seismic stations. As a result, analyses of earthquakes are challenging, with focused studies often coming through temporary local recording devices. Although previous work has explored batches of local earthquakes (known as swarms) to uncover information on plate tectonic boundary kinematics, there has been limited large-scale analysis of swarms across the ridge. Here, we take a global earthquake dataset and apply cluster analysis to produce an overview of swarm dynamics across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge latitudes 52oN and 63oN (a portion of Reykjanes Ridge). Our work produces over 150 swarms as compared to only 6 swarms discussed in previous work for the same location and time period. In particular, the swarms generated from this dataset are fleeting in time (<24 h) and stable in location (<20 km). The work here also outlines the limitations of using such a generic global dataset and highlights that this study is unable to fully capture the seismic dynamics of a Mid-Atlantic Ridge earthquake event. However, this methodology of large-scale analysis of a broad dataset can supplement local high-resolution data with quantity of swarm events over quality of seismic characteristics. Here, we provide an overview of timing, location, and occurrence of swarms–identifying potential areas for future exploration.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1823168</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1823168</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Comparative analysis of Pn full-waveform inversion and travel-time tomography in imaging upper mantle azimuthal anisotropy]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Bing Lu</author><author>Xueyang Bao</author><author>Yao-Chong Sun</author><author>Wei Zhang</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1756354</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1756354</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Ground surface deformation induced by grouting construction of shallow-buried shield tunnels in mudstone strata]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rong Zhang</author><author>Xiaochuan Li</author><author>Yue Wang</author><author>Zhengping Qi</author><author>Zhenqiang He</author><author>Ming Li</author><author>Zhonghua Jiang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Grouting is widely used to mitigate ground surface deformation during shield tunneling. However, the quantitative influence of grout solidification and hardening on deformation and its prediction remains insufficiently understood. This work investigates how time-dependent grout solidification and hardening affect ground deformation. It combines analytical solutions with numerical simulations. The time-dependent evolution of grout properties is incorporated into both approaches for shallow-buried shield tunneling in mudstone strata. Results show that explicitly simulating grout solidification yields larger settlement than neglecting it. Compared with the instantaneous setting case (0 h), an initial setting time of 4 h increases the maximum surface settlement by 59%. The grout hardening rate plays a decisive role in deformation control. Theoretical analyses further indicate that the shield tail, rather than the cutterhead, is the critical reference location governing deformation development.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1665343</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1665343</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Safe Anderson type-I least-squares reverse time migration based on a coefficient-optimized 25-point difference scheme]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Methods</category>
        <author>Haijun Yang</author><author>Ganglin Lei</author><author>Suo Cheng</author><author>Shikai Jian</author><author>Guangliang Zhao</author><author>Qingcai Zeng</author><author>Jingkun Sui</author><author>Yingming Qu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) is widely used in seismic imaging for high-resolution subsurface imaging, particularly in complex geological structures. This technique helps reveal detailed subsurface features that are crucial for fields such as oil and gas exploration and geotechnical studies. However, the iterative nature of LSRTM and its reliance on the least-squares approach result in high computational costs, making it challenging for large-scale applications. To address this challenge, this article proposes a safe Anderson-type-I LSRTM, built upon an enhanced 25-point finite difference scheme. This method incorporates a coefficient-optimized 25-point frequency-domain finite difference scheme, alongside Powell regularization, restart checking, and safety protection steps, which are applied to Anderson acceleration type I in order to improve stability and accelerate convergence. Model tests demonstrate that the proposed safe Anderson type-I LSRTM, based on the improved 25-point finite difference scheme, results in faster data residual convergence, higher imaging signal-to-noise ratio, superior resolution, clearer imaging of the in-phase axis, and a closer match between the imaging and the true reflection coefficient model, compared to the steepest descent method, conjugate gradient method, and limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (LBFGS) method. This method significantly enhances the practical feasibility of LSRTM for large-scale, high-resolution seismic imaging.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1771807</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1771807</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Comparison of edge enhancement methods for potential field data: applications to a synthetic model and the Laxmi Basin, Arabian Sea]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Divyanshu Dwivedi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Edge detection plays a critical role in delineating subsurface source boundaries from gravity and magnetic data. This study presents a systematic comparison of the common used edge-enhancement techniques, including the total horizontal derivative (THDR), tilt angle (TDR), analytical signal amplitude (ASA), theta map (THETA), THDR_NTilt, Gompertz function (GF), improved logistic (IL), and wavelet space entropy (WSE), using both synthetic magnetic model and free air gravity data from the Laxmi Basin, Arabian Sea. A 3D synthetic nine prism magnetic model is used to evaluate boundary localization accuracy and robustness of each technique. Quantitative evaluation using RMS error analysis under Gaussian noise shows that WSE provides the lowest error and superior noise robustness compared to conventional derivative-based filters. Application to free air gravity data shows that, among all the methods considered, the WSE method reliably delineates the geological boundaries of the Laxmi Ridge, as well as the Raman and Panikkar seamounts and the Wadia Guyot, showing close agreement with the bathymetry map. These results highlight the ability of WSE to preserve structural continuity, making it a robust and effective tool for potential field data interpretation in complex geological settings.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1805449</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1805449</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Advances in petrophysics of unconventional oil and gas]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Xin Sun</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1790572</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1790572</link>
        <title><![CDATA[WTTnet: a network combining wavelet transform and transformer for denoising microseismic signal]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Wei Sun</author><author>Shengbao Yu</author><author>Junqiu Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Noise suppression is a key component in microseismic monitoring technology. Accurate denoising of microseismic signals is crucial for ensuring reliable data for locating mining-related seismic events and analyzing the state of rock mass during mining operations. This paper proposes a network combining wavelet transform and Transformer for denoising microseismic signals (WTTnet). WTTnet leverages discrete wavelet transform to separate the high- and low-frequency components of the input signal. These components are concatenated to form full-frequency features, which are then used as query and value vectors in the Transformer, while the high-frequency features serve as keys. The multi-head self-attention mechanism captures cross-scale correlations. Finally, inverse discrete wavelet transform converts the frequency-domain output back to the time domain. The primary strength of this model is its ability to identify and distinguish noise components across varying frequencies. The proposed method is tested on synthetic data contaminated with various noise types and on field data. Its denoising performance is evaluated using appropriate metrics and compared with other denoising methods. Experimental results show that this method outperforms traditional denoising methods in terms of overall denoising performance across diverse noise conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1760325</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1760325</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study on the mechanism of water injection pressure and fractures on wetting and diffusion of hard rock during water injection]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Guoyuan Wang</author><author>Jun Jiang</author><author>Houwei Sun</author><author>Xiansong Deng</author><author>Yang Wang</author><author>Keke Di</author>
        <description><![CDATA[To reveal the influence mechanism of water injection pressure and fracture characteristics on hard rock moisture diffusion, this study selects sandstone as the research object and combines low-temperature high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance tests with COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulations. Current research has widely applied nuclear magnetic resonance for fluid distribution analysis and COMSOL for seepage simulation, but their coupling to clarify the combined effects of pressure and fractures on hard rock wetting remains insufficient, especially for high-density, low-porosity hard rock with poor permeability. This study systematically investigates water migration under varied pressures and fracture lengths. Experimental results show moisture increase is dominated by adsorbed water, and nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectral peak area expands significantly with pressure and time, proving high pressure effectively opens closed pores and enhances seepage channel connectivity. Simulation results demonstrate that the wetting radius exhibits an exponential relationship with water injection pressure: it increases markedly when the pressure is below 11 MPa, stabilizes once exceeding this threshold, and reaches a maximum of approximately 2.25 m. Additionally, the wetting radius grows linearly with fracture length, indicating that longer fractures can effectively broaden the water diffusion range. These findings elucidate the dominant role of pressure and fractures, providing theoretical guidance and technical support for optimizing water injection parameters, improving wetting efficiency, and enhancing mining dust suppression.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1773588</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2026.1773588</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The July 14, 2025 Mw 5.3 earthquake in the NE Alboran Sea (Spain): insights into the causative source from seismic relocation and moment tensor analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lucía Lozano</author><author>Carolina López-Sánchez</author><author>Carmen del Fresno</author><author>María Victoria Manzanedo</author><author>Juan V. Cantavella</author>
        <description><![CDATA[On 14 July 2025, an Mw 5.3 earthquake occurred in the northeastern Alboran Sea, Spain. Its epicenter was close to the Eastern Betics Shear Zone, a region that has historically experienced major destructive earthquakes, including events with macroseismic intensity VIII–IX (EMS-98) in Vera (1,518), Alhama de Almería (1,522), and Dalías (1,804). However, in the area closest to the epicenter, offshore from the Almería coast, no previous earthquakes of this magnitude or greater have been recorded, and the nearest mapped active faults, the Carboneras Fault and the Palomares Fault, are both approximately 50 km away. To investigate the source responsible for this earthquake, we compute its seismic moment tensor and relocate the subsequent seismic sequence using a three-dimensional Earth model in a non-linear probabilistic approach and a double-difference relocation. Additionally, to better understand this offshore area, we apply the same methodology to study three similar recent seismic sequences along the Carboneras Fault in 2008, 2010, and 2012, west of the 2025 event. The mainshock moment tensor solution shows a strike-slip faulting mechanism consistent with the regional tectonics, and the relocated sequences form dense, elongated clusters, mainly following a NW–SE trend, perpendicular to the Carboneras Fault. The depth distribution shows that hypocenters in the 2025 seismic series are deeper, ranging from 5 to 20 km and slightly increasing to the northwest, compared with the previous sequences, whose hypocenters are mostly shallower (<10 km) and show no clear dipping direction. The relocation results improve depth convergence and accuracy of earthquake locations of the northeastern Alboran seismicity, providing a better-constrained earthquake catalog that helps to improve our understanding of this complex offshore region.]]></description>
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