AUTHOR=Suhandi Andi , Samsudin Achmad , Fratiwi Nuzulira Janeusse , Nurdini Nurdini , Feranie Selly , Purwanto Muhammad Guntur , Linuwih Suharto , Coştu Bayram 

TITLE=Altering misconceptions: how e-rebuttal texts on Newton’s laws reconstructs students’ mental models

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Education

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1472385

DOI=10.3389/feduc.2025.1472385

ISSN=2504-284X

ABSTRACT=This study aims to explore how e-rebuttal texts on Newton’s laws can reconstruct students’ mental models by altering existing misconceptions. A mixed methods approach (quantitative and qualitative) was used in the research. Participants were 31 students (15 boys and 16 girls, aged 15–16 years) in the 10th grade of one public high school in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. The instrument used Multi-representation on Tier Instrument of Newton’s laws (MOTION), consists of 36 subject matter questions about Newton’s First Law, Newton’s Second Law, Newton’s Third Law, and the type of forces. The data were analyzed using the categories of conception, mental model, and correction of a mental model. The result shows positive changes in each mental model from the pre-test to the post-test. The rate of correction in students’ mental models from pre-test to post-test occurred primarily in the Acceptable Correction (ACo) category. It was concluded that e-rebuttal texts can be used to reconstruct students’ mental models in conceptual change to become Scientific (SC) models. Other researchers may use learning models and strategies to involve students in groups to facilitate the discussion process.