AUTHOR=Mualim Maulana , Margana Margana , Widyantoro Agus , Nguyen Hoang Huu , Khristianto Khristianto , Faisal Faisal , Roiyasa Nisa 

TITLE=Evaluating INSTALL as an instructional model to enhance EFL pre-service teachers’ TPACK: a case of three Indonesian universities

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Education

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1580173

DOI=10.3389/feduc.2025.1580173

ISSN=2504-284X

ABSTRACT=PurposeThis study investigates the effects of an instructional model incorporating inquiry-based, technology saturated, and flipped learning (INSTALL) on EFL pre-service teachers’ TPACK in Indonesia and finds out their responses about it.Design/approach/methodThis is an explanatory mixed method research where quantitative data were further explained by qualitative data. One hundred and eighty eight pre-service teachers from three universities in Central Java province voluntarily participated in this study. Data were collected through questionnaires and observations. The quantitative data were analyzed through a paired sample t-test and analysis of variance while the qualitative were analyzed thematically.FindingsThe results uncovered that there was a significant improvement of the pre-service teachers’ TPACK after experiencing INSTALL intervention. Additionally, the pre-service teachers responded to the model positively.Originality/valueThe finding implied that INSTALL is a promisingly effective instructional model to enhance pre-service teachers’ TPACK. This study contributes to the literature scarcity of a learning mechanism synergizing inquiry-based, technology-saturated, and flipped learning in the Indonesian context.