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        <title>Frontiers in Electronics | Industrial Electronics section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/electronics/sections/industrial-electronics</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Industrial Electronics section in the Frontiers in Electronics journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
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        <pubDate>2026-04-04T23:30:21.88+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2026.1750707</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2026.1750707</link>
        <title><![CDATA[CBAM-enhanced lightweight CNN for wafer map defect classification]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mst. Rokeya Khatun</author><author>Fahmid Al Farid</author><author>Sharith Dhar</author><author>Md. Saiful Islam</author><author>Jia Uddin</author><author>Hezerul bin Abdul Karim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Automated interpretation of wafer maps is central to manufacturing quality monitoring. Identifying rare defects with less detailed wafer maps is a challenging task. Moreover, class imbalance, heavyweight backbones, and limited model transparency are constraints for the real-world deployment of defective wafer identification. However, a nine-class wafer-map classifier is required that maintains high accuracy under tight parameter and compute budgets and provides decision-level interpretability, despite long-tailed class distributions. To address this issue, a compact convolutional network is presented for wafer-map classification on standardized low-resolution inputs. The architecture uses two convolution–pooling stages, followed by a modified convolutional block attention module (CBAM). Channel attention is realized via a shared multilayer perceptron with batch normalization for stable reweighting, while spatial attention uses a multi-scale gate to emphasize ring-like, edge-localized, and streak patterns. A compact dense head with softmax produces nine class probabilities, with a total footprint of approximately 0.15M parameters. Class imbalance is mitigated through a training-only convolutional autoencoder that generates minority samples via latent feature variation, together with a controlled reduction in the dominant None class. Validation and test sets remain unchanged. A fixed-seed protocol ensures reproducibility, and performance is evaluated using accuracy and macro-averaged precision, recall, and F1. On a balanced benchmark derived from the WM-811K dataset, the model achieves 99.88% test accuracy with near-ceiling macro-F1 while using a small fraction of the parameters required by transfer learning and transformer baselines and consistently outperforming conventional convolutional neural network (CNN) backbones. Post-training interpretability analyses with Grad-CAM, integrated gradients (IG), and occlusion show alignment between salient regions and physically meaningful defect morphology. Ablation studies indicate complementary gains from latent feature augmentation and attention mechanisms, while robustness checks with input noise and reduced training support show graceful degradation. The resulting pipeline is accurate, lightweight, and transparent, making it suitable for inline screening scenarios.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2025.1680502</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2025.1680502</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Research on insulator contamination component identification based on neural network]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yi Luo</author><author>Jin Liu</author><author>Yanyi Wang</author><author>Zijie Mei</author><author>Xuandong Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Glass suspension insulators in power transmission lines are vulnerable to surface contamination over time, especially in harsh environments like metallurgical plants. Analysis of such contamination revealed significant metal deposits, primarily iron particles sized between 2 μm and 20 μm. To study the impact of this metallic contamination on flashover behavior, researchers created artificial pollution using NaCl, diatomaceous earth, and iron powder. Leakage current tests demonstrated that metal content fundamentally alters the current waveform, causing it to exhibit AC superimposed impulses. Key findings include: metal lowers the voltage threshold for impulse inception, shortens the impulse rise and fall times, and increases critical impulse parameters (frequency, maximum amplitude, and discharge magnitude) as the metal proportion rises. Furthermore, a ResNet18-SA deep learning model was developed, integrating a self-attention mechanism. This architecture demonstrates exceptional robustness in interpreting pulsed current signals while accurately classifying levels of metallic contamination, providing a reliable and automated solution for insulator condition assessment.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2023.1178703</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2023.1178703</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Re-electrification technology and application of the energy consumption terminal]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-10-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Wei Wang</author><author>Zhenya Ji</author><author>Haimeng Wu</author><author>Zainul Abdin Jaffery</author><author>Yipeng Wu</author><author>Ming Xue</author><author>Linlin Tan</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2023.968549</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2023.968549</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Design of a wireless charging system in DC microgrids with accurate output regulation and optimal efficiency]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-03-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Chenchen Li</author><author>Kaiyuan Wang</author><author>Yuan Mao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a general circuit and control design method for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems in DC microgrids to achieve optimal power transfer efficiency, while maintain accurate output voltage regulation. An auxiliary inductor is added at the transmitter resonator to form a current sink to ensure zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the primary-side full-bridge inverter with even extreme-light load conditions. Besides, an adaptive proportional-integral (PI) controller is adopted to track the output voltage references by regulating the phase shift angle of the phase shift control for the full-bridge inverter. The coefficients of the adaptive proportional-integral controller are determined by the inductor of the auxiliary inductor. Both simulation and experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed circuit and control design in achieving optimal efficiency and output voltage regulation for wireless power transfer systems in DC microgrids with source and load variations.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2023.1110039</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2023.1110039</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Optimal dispatch of integrated energy systems considering integrated demand response and stepped carbon trading]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-02-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xianglei Ye</author><author>Zhenya Ji</author><author>Jinxing Xu</author><author>Xiaofeng Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The integrated energy system is an effective way to achieve carbon neutrality. To further exploit the carbon reduction potentials of IESs, an optimal dispatch strategy that considers integrated demand response and stepped carbon trading is proposed. First, an integrated demand response (IDR) pricing approach is proposed based on the characteristics of different load types. Classify multi-energy loads into curtailable and substitutable loads, and incentivize both loads through a price elasticity matrix and low-price energy in the same period. Then, to better incentivize IESs to reduce carbon emissions, a stepped pricing mechanism was introduced in the carbon price. Finally, an optimal dispatch model is developed with an objective function that minimizes the sum of energy purchase cost, carbon trading cost, and operation and maintenance (O&M) cost. Considering the high-dimensional and non-linear characteristics of the model, an improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm is introduced in this paper. In addition, this paper also analyzes the effects of the stepped carbon trading parameters on the optimal dispatching results of the system in terms of carbon trading base price, carbon emission interval length, and carbon price growth rate. Compared to the case of adopting a single IDR model or a single stepped carbon trading, carbon emissions from the IESs decreased by 6.28% and 3.24%, respectively, while total operating costs decreased by 1.24% and 0.92%, The results show that the model proposed in this paper has good environmental and economic benefits, and the reasonable setting of stepped carbon trading parameters can effectively promote the low-carbon development of IESs.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2023.1034082</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2023.1034082</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Research on optimal coil configuration scheme of insulator relay WPT system]]></title>
        <pubdate>2023-01-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Wei Wang</author><author>Mingrong Duan</author><author>Zhenwei Zeng</author><author>Huai Liu</author><author>Zhenya Ji</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the optimized structure of the multi-relay coils insulator of WPT system. With the rapid development of the smart grid, on-line monitoring devices in the transmission tower have been widely used. However, the power supply problem has become an important bottleneck in the development of transmission tower intelligent sensing technology. Hence, the multi-relay coils wireless power transfer technology has been proposed to supply for the tower monitoring equipment in this paper. Compared with traditional multi-relay coils, the effects of the number, arrangement position and turns of relay coils on the performance of WPT system are further explored. The simulation results show that the operation performance of WPT can be significantly improved by optimizing the coil arrangement position and turns. Moreover, there are multiple configuration schemes that the design indexes of the system could be achieved. The experiment results show that in the 110 kV high-voltage transmission with the insulator length of 1.015 m, the transmitting power and efficiency of the WPT system could be increased to 1.81 W and 60.11% respectively by parameters optimization, which ensures the continuous and stable work of the monitoring equipment.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2022.1033016</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2022.1033016</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Influence analysis of metal foreign objects on the wireless power transmission system]]></title>
        <pubdate>2022-10-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jiacheng Li</author><author>Yijie Huang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The wireless power transmission (WPT) system through magnetic field coupling for energy transmission may have foreign objects in the transmission channel in the practical application process, which brings hidden dangers to the WPT system. In this article, a WPT system without and with foreign objects is constructed. The influence of foreign objects on self-inductance and mutual-inductance of coupling coils is studied from the aspects of foreign object height, radius, transmission distance, and coil turns. Then, by constructing the circuit topology of the series structure, the influence of foreign objects on the transmission efficiency and the phase difference between voltage and current of the system is studied, and finally the influence law of metal foreign objects on the performance of the WPT system is summarized.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2022.904976</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2022.904976</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Maximum efficiency control and predictive-speed controller design for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2022-09-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tian-Hua Liu</author><author>Yu-Hang Zhuang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Improving the efficiency of home appliances is an important area of research these days, especially for global warming and climate change. To achieve this goal, in this paper, a new method to improve the maximum efficiency control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system, which includes an IPMSM and an inverter, is investigated. By suitably controlling the d-axis current, the IPMSM drive system can quickly reach its maximum efficiency. A steepest ascent method is used to obviously reduce the searching steps of the maximum efficiency tracking control for an IPMSM. According to experimental results, by using the traditional fixed step method, 14 steps are required to reach the maximum efficiency operating point. By using the proposed steepest ascent method, however, only 4 steps are needed to reach the maximum efficiency operating point. In addition, according to the experimental results, during the transient dynamics, the predictive controller obtains faster responses and 2% lower overshoot than the PI controller. Moreover, during adding external load, the predictive controller has only a 10 r/min speed drop and 0.1 s recover time; however, the PI controller has a 40 r/min speed drop and 0.3 s recover time. Experimental results can validate theoretical analysis. Several measured results show when compared to the fix-step searching method with a PI controller, the proposed methods provide quicker searching maximum efficiency ability, quicker and better dynamic transient responses, and lower speed drop when an external load is added.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2021.727994</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2021.727994</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Countering the Deleterious Effects of Electromagnetic Pulse]]></title>
        <pubdate>2021-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Timothy Sands</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Robot systems like automated shipping swinging robots, wire transducer sensors and even computer indigenous time sensors (amongst others) often use oscillating circuits such as the famous van der Pol system, while this manuscript investigates protection of such sensor circuitry to spurious voltage spikes accompanying an electromagnetic pulse. These spurious voltages can lead to uncontrolled robot motion and even debilitation. A very brief discussion of electromagnetic pulses yields design parameters to evaluate circuit responses to realistic disturbing pulses. Recent research in nonlinear-adaptive methods to protect circuits are described to highlight the proposed novelty: utilization of feedback rules as adaptive mechanisms to modify the otherwise nonlinear feedforwards systems improving the results in recent literature. Feedback is iterated to select adaption parameters that simultaneously produce favorable circuit performance in addition to effective parameter identification inherent in the adaption (to provide meaningful parameter estimates to unspecified future applications). Spurious voltages were rapidly rejected with a mere 0.3% trajectory deviation, stabilizing quickly with a final (steady state) deviation of 0.01%. The demonstrated abilities to reject the deleterious spurious effects are compared to nominal figures of merit for timing accuracy of various computer systems to conclude the proposed methods are effective for some applications, but insufficient for others.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2021.670077</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2021.670077</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Implementation of a Fault-Tolerant AC/DC Converter for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Systems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2021-07-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tian-Hua Liu</author><author>Yu-Wei Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Fault tolerant drive systems have played an increasing role for electric vehicles in order to improve reliability, availability, and to reduce maintenance. For safety reason, a fault-tolerant drive system, which includes some redundant devices and a traditional motor drive system, has been developed. This fault-tolerant system executes real-time fault detection, diagnosis, isolation, and control to make the fault-tolerant drive system operate normally even though some faults have happened. In this paper, an AC/DC converter faults, which includes a single-phase full-bridge rectifier diode fault, a three-phase full-bridge rectifier diode fault, and a DC-link capacitor fault are investigated. The fault-tolerant processes include fault detection, diagnosis, isolation, and control to improve the reliability of the drive system and reduce the disturbances during faulty interval. A digital signal processor, manufactured by Texas Instruments, type TMS320F2808, is used as a control center to achieve the fault tolerant processes. Experimental results validate theoretical analysis to demonstrate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed methods. The proposed method can be easily implemented in industrial products due to its simplicity.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2021.637736</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/felec.2021.637736</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Real-Time Dispatching Performance Improvement of Multiple Multi-Energy Supply Microgrids Using Neural Network Based Approximate Dynamic Programming]]></title>
        <pubdate>2021-04-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Bei Li</author><author>Robin Roche</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In the multi-energy supply microgrid, different types of energy can be scheduled from a “global” view, which can improve the energy utilization efficiency. In addition, hydrogen storage system performs as the long-term storage is considered, which can promote more renewable energy installed in the local consumer side. However, when there are large numbers of grid-connected multi-energy microgrids, the scheduling of these multiple microgrids in real-time is a problem. Because different types of devices, three types of energy, and three types of utility grid networks are considered, which make the dispatching problem difficult. In this paper, a two-stage coordinated algorithm is adopted to operate the microgrids: day-ahead scheduling and real-time dispatching. In order to reduce the time taken to solve the scheduling problem, and improve the scheduling performance, approximate dynamic programming (ADP) is used in real-time operation. Different types of value function approximations (VFA), i.e., linear function, nonlinear function, and neural network are compared to study about the influence of the VFA on the decision results. Offline and online processes are developed to study the impact of the historical data on the regression of VFA. The results show that the neural network based ADP one-step decision algorithm has almost the same performance as the Global optimization algorithm, and the highest performance among all others Local optimization algorithms. The total operation cost relative error is less than 3%, while the running time is only 31% of the Global algorithm. In the neural network based ADP, the key technology is continuously updating the training dataset online, and adopting an appropriate neural network structure, which can at last improve the scheduling performance.]]></description>
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