AUTHOR=Mayoral Monibas Rafael , Johnson Andrew M. F. , Osborn Olivia , Traves Paqui G. , Mahata Sushil K. 

TITLE=Distinct Hepatic Macrophage Populations in Lean and Obese Mice

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=Volume 7 - 2016

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2016.00152

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2016.00152

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder associated with the development of non-communicable diseases such as cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In humans and rodents, obesity promotes hepatic steatosis and inflammation, which leads to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins. Liver macrophages (resident as well as recruited) play a significant role in hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Interestingly, depletion of hepatic macrophages protects against the development of high-fat-induced steatosis, inflammation and IR. Kupffer cells (KCs), liver resident macrophages, are the first-line defense against invading pathogens, clear toxic or immunogenic molecules and help to maintain the liver in a tolerogenic immune environment. During high fat diet (HFD) feeding and steatosis, there is an increased number of recruited hepatic macrophages (RHMs) in the liver and activation of KCs to a more inflammatory or M1 state. In this review we will focus on the role of liver macrophages (KCs and RHMs) during obesity.