AUTHOR=Liu Haipeng , Guan Xiao , Xu Beibei , Zeng Feiyue , Chen Changyong , Yin Hong ling , Yi Xiaoping , Peng Yousong , Chen Bihong T. 

TITLE=Computed Tomography-Based Machine Learning Differentiates Adrenal Pheochromocytoma From Lipid-Poor Adenoma

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.833413

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2022.833413

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=Objectives: To assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-based machine learning models for differentiating subclinical pheochromocytoma (sPHEO) from lipid-poor adenoma (LPA) in patients with adrenal incidentalomas. 
Patients and Methods: The study included 188 tumors in the 183 patients with LPA and 92 tumors in 86 patients with sPHEO. Pre-enhanced CT imaging features of the tumors were evaluated. Machine learning prediction models and scoring systems for differentiating sPHEO from LPA were built using logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) approaches. 
Results: The LR model performed better than other models. The LR model (M1) including three features: CTpre, shape, and necrosis/cystic changes had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.917 and an accuracy of 0.864. The LR model (M2) without enhanced CT features included CTpre, shape, and homogeneity and had an AUC of 0.888 and an accuracy of 0.832. The S2 scoring system (sensitivity, 0.859; specificity, 0.824) had comparable diagnostic value to S1 (sensitivity, 0.815; specificity, 0.910).
Conclusions: Our results indicated the potential of non-invasive imaging methods such as CT-based machine learning models and scoring systems in predicting histology of adrenal tumors. This approach may assist the diagnosis and personalized care of patients with adrenal tumors.