AUTHOR=Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Keykhaei Mohammad , Shobeiri Parnian , Rezaei Negar , Rezaei Nazila , GBD 2019 Iran Kidney Dysfunction Collaborators , Naghavi Mohsen , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad , Nejadghader Seyed Aria , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Keykhaei Mohammad , Shobeiri Parnian , Rezaei Negar , Rezaei Nazila , Abdollahi Ashkan , Ahmadi Ali , Ahmadi Sepideh , Alatab Sudabeh , Arabloo Jalal , Arjomandzadegan Mohammad , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin , Azadnajafabad Sina , Azangou-Khyavy Mohammadreza , Baghcheghi Nayereh , Bagherieh Sara , Barati Shirin , Dehghan Azizallah , Fatehizadeh Ali , Ghadirian Fataneh , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Gholami Ali , Gohari Kimiya , Hassankhani Hadi , Jokar Mohammad , khorashadizadeh Fatemeh , Kompani Farzad , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Mahjoub Soleiman , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Rad Elaheh Malakan , Mobayen Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Moradi Yousef , Morovatdar Negar , Noori Maryam , Okati-Aliabad Hassan , Pourali Ghazaleh , Rafferty Quinn , Rashedi Sina , Rashidi Mahsa , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Shorofi Seyed Afshin , Tabatabaei Seyyed Mohammad , Taheri Majid , Taherkhani Amir , Zahir Mazyar , Zangiabadian Moein , Zare Iman , Naghavi Mohsen , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad TITLE=Trends of national and sub-national burden attributed to kidney dysfunction risk factor in Iran: 1990-2019 JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology VOLUME=Volume 14 - 2023 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1115833 DOI=10.3389/fendo.2023.1115833 ISSN=1664-2392 ABSTRACT=Background

Kidney dysfunction is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Herein, we aimed to describe the attributable burden of kidney dysfunction at the national and sub-national levels in Iran.

Methods

The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data were extracted on the deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability attributed to the risk factor of kidney dysfunction by age and sex at the national and provincial levels from 1990-2019. Also, risk exposure was reported by summary exposure value (SEV) with a range of 0 to 100. The estimated values were based on a comparative risk assessment framework.

Results

In 2019, the age-standardized death rate and age-standardized DALYs rate attributable to kidney dysfunction were 58.2 (95% uncertainty interval of 48.8-68.1) and 1127.2 (981.1-1282.7) per 100,000 population in Iran, respectively. Also, the Sistan and Baluchistan province (1729.3 [1478.3-2006.4]) and the province of Tehran (681.9 [571.4-809.8]) had the greatest and lowest age-standardized DALYs rates, respectively. Nationally, SEVs increased from 22.8 to 26.2. The age-standardized burden attributable to kidney dysfunction had a positive association with age advancement. The attributable age-standardized deaths and DALYs rates in all socio-demographic index regions decreased from 1990-2019. Also, the highest and lowest attributable age-standardized DALYs rates of kidney dysfunction came from ischemic heart disease and peripheral artery disease in 2019, respectively.

Conclusion

Although the attributed age-standardized DALYs and death rates decreased from 1990-2019, risk exposure increased and remains a crucial risk factor in Iran. Therefore, policymakers should consider preparing a preventive program that takes into account different levels of prevention of kidney dysfunction.