AUTHOR=Jia Shunjie , Liao Jian , Wang Yucheng , Zheng Wenbiao , Jin Jinghua , Xu Weifang , Zheng Qi 

TITLE=Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with nephrolithiasis and vice versa: a cumulative analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Endocrinology

VOLUME=Volume 14 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1180183

DOI=10.3389/fendo.2023.1180183

ISSN=1664-2392

ABSTRACT=Purpose Nephrolithiasis is thought to be a risk factor for osteoporosis, but data assessing if osteoporosis predisposes to the risk of nephrolithiasis are lacking. The present study aims to investigate whether patients with nephrolithiasis have a prominently higher prevalence of osteoporosis than the controls and vice versa via a cumulative analysis. 
Methods Four databases were used to detect the eligible studies. We calculated the relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the combined effect. The methodologies for conducting this study followed the PRISMA guidelines and were registered in the PROSPERO. 
Results Nine case-control or cohort studies with a total of 454,464 participants were finally included. Combined results indicated that there was a significantly higher prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with nephrolithiasis as compared to the general population without nephrolithiasis (overall RR from six studies= 1.204, 95%CI: 1.133 to 1.28, P< 0.001; heterogeneity: I2= 34.8%, P= 0.162). Conversely, osteoporosis was significantly correlated to an increased risk of nephrolithiasis as compared to the controls without osteoporosis (combined RR from four studies= 1.505, 95%CI: 1.309 to 1.731, P< 0.001; I2= 89.8%, P< 0.001). Sensitivity analysis on the two categories validated the above findings. No significant publication bias was identified in this study.
Conclusions The present study highlighted a significantly high prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with nephrolithiasis and vice versa. This reciprocal association reminded the clinicians to conduct a regular follow-up assessment of bone marrow density or ultrasound when managing patients with nephrolithiasis or osteoporosis, especially for the elderly.