AUTHOR=Zhang Xiang , Wang Zhao , Zhou Zhenyu , Liao Haijun , Ma Xiufan , Yin Xiyang , Lv Guoyuan , Wang Zhongyu , Lu Zhixin , Liu Yizhao 

TITLE=Optimal Dispatch of Multiple Photovoltaic Integrated 5G Base Stations for Active Distribution Network Demand Response

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Energy Research

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.919197

DOI=10.3389/fenrg.2022.919197

ISSN=2296-598X

ABSTRACT=Multiple 5G base stations (BSs) equipped with distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation devices and energy storage (ES) units participate in active distribution network (ADN) demand response (DR), which is expected to be the best way to reduce the energy cost of 5G BSs and provide flexibility resources for ADN. However, the standalone PV integrated 5G BS has the characteristics of wide distribution, small volume, and large load fluctuations, which will bring strong uncertainty to the ADN by directly participating in DR. Therefore, a system architecture for multiple PV integrated 5G BSs to participate in DR is proposed, where an energy aggregator is introduced to effectively aggregate the PV energy and ES resources of 5G BSs. Then, a two-stage optimal dispatch method is proposed. Specifically, in the large-timescale DR planning stage, an incentive mechanism for multiple PV integrated 5G BSs to participate in DR is constructed based on contract theory, which ensures that multiple 5G BSs respond to and satisfy the peak-shaving demand of ADN. In the small-timescale online energy optimization stage, based on the energy sharing mode among 5G BSs, a Lyapunov-based online energy optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the shared energy flow between internal layer and interactive layer of 5G BSs, which further improves the PV absorption and ensures the operation stability of ES in 5G BS. Simulation results show that the proposed two-stage optimal dispatch method can effectively encourage multiple 5G BSs to participate in DR, and achieve the win-win effect of assisting ADN peak-shaving and low-carbon economic operation of 5G BSs.