AUTHOR=Zeng Long , Chen Si-Zhe , Zhong Chengjun , Xiong Tingting , Tian Ling 

TITLE=Hierarchical transactive power exchange method on expressways for EV energy supplement

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Energy Research

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1213883

DOI=10.3389/fenrg.2023.1213883

ISSN=2296-598X

ABSTRACT=In this paper, a hierarchical transactive power exchange method on expressways is proposed to eliminate electric vehicle (EV) users’ range anxiety. When EVs drive on expressways, battery swapping is considered as the suitable power exchange mode due to the high efficiency and adjustability. EVs are scheduled to supplement energy in battery swapping stations (BSSs) according to the remaining energy and battery swapping cost. Then, the power exchange among batteries and the power grid in BSSs is optimized for reducing the operation cost. In the optimization process, battery-to-battery and battery-to-grid modes are considered for reducing the power cost in the high electric price period. Some EVs release battery energy in designated BSSs and supplement energy in other BSSs. It reduces battery fast charging power and the operation cost in designated BSSs. Several case studies are presented to validate the effectiveness and economy of the proposed method.