AUTHOR=Lei Wang , Junping Zhou , Weijian Jiang , Yuling Xu 

TITLE=Bi-level optimization configuration method for microgrids considering carbon trading and demand response

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Energy Research

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1334889

DOI=10.3389/fenrg.2023.1334889

ISSN=2296-598X

ABSTRACT=Under the background of the shortage of traditional energy and the increasingly serious environmental problems, this paper proposes a bi-level optimization configuration method for microgrids based on stepped carbon trading and price-based demand response. By introducing the stepped carbon trading mechanism into the planning model and considering the impact of construction processes on land carbon emissions. Simultaneously introducing price-based demand response during system operation, guiding users to change the electricity consumption strategies to promote the consumption of renewable energy. Then, a bi-level optimal configuration framework is constructed. The upper-level is optimized to allocate the capacity of the microgrid, with the lowest annual equivalent comprehensive cost as the objective function. The lower-level is microgrid operation optimization, with the minimum sum of microgrid operation cost and carbon emission cost as the objective function. In view of the advantages of Enhanced whale algorithm (E-WOA) in solving multi-dimensional feature selection problems, E-WOA and CPLEX solver are combined to solve the bi-level optimization model for the first time. Simulation results show that after introducing a stepped carbon trading mechanism, the system carbon emissions decreased by 23.09%. Considering price-based demand response under the premise of introducing a stepped carbon trading mechanism, the total cost decreased by 3.57% and the carbon emissions decreased by 19.83%.